21 research outputs found
Quality classification affects firmness of ground beef patties from the chuck roll
Consumers often use color as the main criteria in selecting meat products, and they
associate a bright red color with freshness. Longer display life without discoloration can
result in more opportunities to sell the product and greater potential for profit. Flavor,
juiciness, and tenderness are also associated with consumer satisfaction. Although
grinding offers an opportunity to mechanically minimize differences in tenderness,
product quality can affect these sensory properties of ground beef. The objective of this
study was to determine the effects of three quality classifications and their combinations
on ground beef patty display color stability and sensory attributes evaluated by a trained
sensory panel and consumer panel
Aging time affects color stability and sensory properties of ground beef patties adjusted
Palatability traits of flavor, juiciness, and tenderness are associated with consumer satisfaction. Although grinding offers an opportunity to mechanically minimize differences in tenderness, muscle source and product quality may still affect the sensory properties of ground beef. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of two quality grades (Premium Choice and Select) and vacuum storage aging time (7, 21, and 42 days) before processing on ground beef patty display color from chuck roll and knuckle subprimals combined to obtain a common percentage of fat
Premature browning in cooked ground beef after modifying myoglobin
Some ground beef patties developed an
internal, brown cooked color and looked well-done
at temperatures as low as 131 ÌŠF, whereas
normal patties were re d to pink. The premature
brown color was not relate d to percent fat; patty
compaction; animal source and maturity; pH
(5.5 to 5.8); or concentrations of raw patty
heme and nonhemeiron, myoglobin, and total
pigment. Because oxidation-reduction potential
and total reducing activities were higher (P<.05)
and TBA numbers were lower (P<.05) in
normal than prematurely brown patties, the
brown color is apparently related to greater
patty oxidation
Sensory traits, color, and shelf life of low-dose irradiated, raw, ground beef patties
Irradiation of raw ground beef patties had
minimal effects on flavor and aroma of patties
after cooking. Oxidative rancidity increased
when patties were irradiated in aerobic but not
in vacuum packages. Irradiation of vacuum-packaged
ground beef patties produced a more
stable color. In both packaging types,
irradiation significantly reduced microbial
growth during storage
Sensory traits, color, and shelf life of low-dose irradiated, precooked, ground beef patties
Irradiation did not influence bitter, bloody,
burnt, chemical, fat-like, juiciness, liver-like,
beef identity, metallic, rancid, sour, sweet, and
toughness flavor/textural attributes, beef aroma,
or off-odor in precooked ground beef patties.
Irradiation slightly increased the animal hair
flavor note, but intensity levels were <1 on the
15-point sensory scale. Except for 10% fat non-irradiated
controls, reheated precooked patties
had a slight sour, ammonia-like, top note.
Irradiation at 3.5 kilograys (kGy) increased
external redness in vacuum-packaged patties,
but not in aerobic packages. Aerobic packaging
with or without irradiation decreased external
precooked redness. Oxidative rancidity
increased when patties were irradiated in
aerobic but not in vacuum packages. Reduction
of oxygen in vacuum bags extended the shelf
life of the precooked ground beef patties, at
least in terms of oxidative rancidity. Precooking
ground beef patties, irrespective of irradiation
or packaging type, posed sensory disadvantages,
and improvements to the precooking process
are needed before irradiating at low-dose levels
is appropriate
Effects of estradiol or an estradiol-trenbolone acetate reimplant scheme and time on feed on performance and carcass traits of finishing steers
Two hundred eighty-eight predominantly
British and British crossbred steers (702 lb)
were used in a 2×3 factorially arranged experiment.
Main effect factors were reimplant
scheme [estradiol (E2) vs estradiol plus
trenbolone acetate (E2 + TBA)] and time on
feed (111, 125 or 139 days). The initial
slaughter occurred when 65 to 70% of all
steers were estimated to grade low Choice. No
interactions occurred for any variable measured.
Reimplanting 57 days after the initial
implant with E2 + TBA increased overall daily
gain 6.9% (P<.003) and feed efficiency 4.9%
(P<.005). Feeding steers for an additional 14
or 28 days resulted in linear decreases in
overall daily gain (P<.005) and feed efficiency
(P<.0004). Reimplanting with E2 +
TBA increased (P<.001) carcass weight but
did not reduce marbling score or percent
Choice carcasses. Feeding steers for an additional
14 or 28 days resulted in linear increases
(P<.0001) in hot carcass weight, ribeye area,
adjusted backfat (P<.004), and skeletal maturity
(P<.0005). Additional days on feed
increased dressing percentage (P<.002) and
marbling score (P<.05) curvilinearly and
tended (P=.25) to increase the percentage of
carcasses grading Choice and Prime. Incidence
of dark cutters was higher (P<.05) for
E2 + TBA carcasses, and was very high at the
first slaughter date (54 days after
reimplantation). Although feeding for an
additional 14 or 28 days can result in heavier
live and carcass weights, higher dressing
percentage, and increased marbling, poor
efficiency of gain may create negative feeding
margins
Effects of steam-flaked sorghum grain or corn and supplemental fat on feedlot performance, carcass traits, longissimus composition, and sensory properties of steers
One hundred forty British x Exotic
crossbred, yearling steers (370 kg) were used in a 2
x 2 factorial experiment to evaluate main effects
and the interaction of grain type (steam-flaked
sorghum grain [SFSGI or steam-flaked corn [SFCI)
and level of supplemental fat (0 or 4% yellow
grease WGll on feedlot performance, diet NE
concentration, carcass traits, and chemical composition
and sensory properties of longissimus
muscle. Steer performance and estimated dietary
NE, and NE, values were not different between
SFSG and SFC. Supplemental YG improved CP 5
.05) gain/feed and estimated NE, and NE, of both
SFSG and SFC diets. Compared with steers fed
SFSG, steers fed SFC had a more yellow (P c .05)
subcutaneous fat color. Supplemental YG had an
additive effect (P c .025) on yellow color of
subcutaneous fat but improved (P c .08) the lean
color of longissimus muscle. Grain type or supplemental
YG had no effect on sensory properties or mechanical shear of longissimus muscle. Longissimus
muscle cholesterol content was elevated (P
c .05) by supplemental YG (.49 vs .52 mg/g of wet
tissue for 0 vs 4% YG, respectively); however, the
biological significance of this result is question ,-
ble. Similarly, effects of YG on increased (P c .05)
stearic acid concentration and a higher concentration
(P c .051 of linoleic acid measured in longissimus
muscle of steers fed SFSG vs SFC were
small in magnitude. These data indicate that
under the conditions of this experiment, NE
contents of SFSG and SFC were similar. Beef
produced from sorghum grain is similar in quality
and sensory properties to that produced from
corn. There was no correlation (r = -.001) between
degree of marbling and tissue cholesterol content,
suggesting that for closely trimmed beef cuts,
selection for higher quality by consumers will not
elevate cholesterol intake
Effects of pH, myoglobin form, and endpoint temperature on cooked ground beef color
Beef quadriceps muscles from nine pH
groups (5.5 - 6.4 in .1 increments) were
ground; mixed with fat (20%); formed into
patties whose myoglobin was in either the oxy
or deoxy state; and cooked to four endpoint
temperatures (150, 160, 170, or 180°F).
Internal cooked patty color was evaluated
visually and instrumentally. Patties containing
deoxymyoglobin with pH 6.2 or higher and
cooked to 150 and 160°F were redder visually
and instrumentally than those with a lower pH.
Similar trends, but not as pronounced, were
observed with patties containing oxymyoglobin.
Deoxymyoglobin was more resistant to denaturation
and, thus, made patties more susceptible
to persistent red color and at a lower pH than
those with oxymyoglobin
Influences of aging on tenderness and color of beef steaks
Aging loin strip, bottom, and eye of
round steaks for 21 days decreased Warner-
Bratzler Shear (WBS) values (increased
tenderness). For the top round, aged semimembranosus
muscle steaks tended to have
lower WBS values (more tender) than nonaged
steaks, while aged adductor steaks were
similar to non-aged steaks. Furthermore,
instrumental L* color values were higher
(lighter) for aged strip and eye of round
steaks than non-aged steaks, and instrumental
a* color values were higher (redder) for
aged bottom round, eye of round, and top
round (semimembranosus) steaks than nonaged
steaks. Aging steaks is effective for
improving tenderness and color of strip,
bottom, top (semimembranosus) and eye of
round steaks
Color stability of steaks from carcasses vascularly infused immediately after exsanguination
Hereford × Angus carcasses were infused
with a solution of either sugar/phosphate or
calcium chloride immediately after exsanguination
to determine effects on color stability
during retail display. A calcium chloride solution
darkened the cuts and reduced color stability. A
sugar/phosphate blend made steaks appear
lighter red (more desirable), and their color
stability was equal to that of the noninfused
control