Antioxidant status in acute stroke patients and patients at stroke risk

Background and Purpose: Antioxidant enzymes like copper/ zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and gluthatione peroxidase (GSHPx) are part of intracellular protection mechanisms to overcome oxidative stress and are known to be activated in vascular diseases and acute stroke. We investigated the differences of antioxidant capacity in acute stroke and stroke risk patients to elucidate whether the differences are a result of chronic low availability in arteriosclerosis and stroke risk or due to changes during acute infarction. Methods: Antioxidant enzymes were examined in 11 patients within the first hours and days after acute ischemic stroke and compared to risk- and age-matched patients with a history of stroke in the past 12 months ( n = 17). Antioxidant profile was determined by measurement of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, GSHPx and minerals known to be involved in antioxidant enzyme activation like selenium, iron, copper and zinc. Results: In comparison to stroke risk patients, patients with acute ischemic stroke had significant changes of the GSH system during the first hours and days after the event: GSH was significantly elevated in the first hours (p < 0.01) and GSHPx was elevated 1 day after the acute stroke (p < 0.05). Selenium, a cofactor of GSHPx, was decreased (p < 0.01). GSHPx levels were negatively correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores on admission (r = - 0.84, p < 0.001) and NIHSS scores after 7 days ( r = - 0.63, p < 0.05). MDA levels showed a trend for elevation in the first 6 h after the acute stroke ( p = 0.07). No significant differences of SOD, iron, copper nor zinc levels could be identified. Conclusions: Differences of antioxidant capacity were found for the GSH system with elevation of GSH and GSHPx after acute stroke, but not for other markers. The findings support the hypothesis that changes of antioxidant capacity are part of acute adaptive mechanisms during acute stroke. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

Climate readiness in smallholder agricultural systems: lessons learned from REDD+

The debate around the role that agriculture should play in mitigating climate change and sequestering greenhouse gases is politically complex and technically complicated. In many countries, and particularly in developing countries with a large smallholder population, the agricultural sector faces competing priorities, such as national food security goals, poverty alleviation, addressing natural resource degradation and adapting to the already visible effects of climate change. Many of these goals are closer to the immediate, short-term priorities of national decision-makers, relegating climate change mitigation to a secondary priority. It is therefore essential to implement mitigation strategies in concert with strategies that increase the resilience and increase the productivity of agricultural systems. Despite differences in the forestry and the agricultural sectors, experiences from the REDD+ process, and particularly its readiness phase, can offer useful lessons for an agricultural readiness process. The REDD+ readiness process created an overall coherent structure, framework and process of guiding countries towards developing the technical and institutional ability to integrate mitigation activities into their forestry sectors. An overview of the lessons learned from REDD+ Readiness, organized by objectives, governance, process, scope and finance, is provided in this working paper

Filling Critical Gaps in the Space-Time Record of High Lava Plains and co-Columbia River Basalt Group rhyolite Volcanism

Miocene rhyolitic volcanism of eastern Oregon, USA, can be divided into two main episodes. Mantle plume upwelling is thought to have generated Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) lavas and coeval \u3e16.5−15 Ma silicic volcanism trending north−south from northeast Oregon to northern Nevada. Rhyolite volcanism of the 12−0 Ma High Lava Plains province has been ascribed to either buoyancy-driven westward plume spreading or to slab rollback and mantle convection spanning from southeast Oregon to Newberry Volcano to the west. The apparent ca. 15−12 Ma eruptive hiatus suggests that rhyolites of these provinces were a product of separate processes, yet this gap was based on incomplete data. The lack of data on ∼33 of the total ∼50 rhyolitic eruptive centers in the area where the two provinces overlap (117−119°W, 43−44°N) yields only tenuous relationships between these two provinces

Partição de matéria seca da parte aérea em arroz para uso em um modelo de simulação baseado em processos.

A partição as matéria seca nos diversos compartimentos da planta é uma parte importante em modelos ecofisiológicos baseados em processos, com o InfoCrop. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a fração da matéria seca da parte aérea alocada nos diferentes compartimentos da planta de arroz e a senescência ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura. Foi conduzido um experimento de campo em Santa Maria, RS, com quatro cultivares (IRGA 421, BRS Querência, IRGA 424 e BRS Tio Taka) e semeadura em 18/11/2011. A fração da matéria seca da parte aérea alocada nos diferentes compartimentos da planta e a senescência variou em função do estágio de desenvolvimento, desde 80% para folhas nos primeiros quatro dias após a emergência até 100% para panículas após floração

Soma térmica de fases de desenvolvimento de cultivares de arroz irrigado em função da época de semeadura.

O desenvolvimento da planta de arroz é afetado pela temperatura do ar e assim, a influência da temperatura nos processos de desenvolvimento vegetal pode ser expressa pela soma térmica, com unidade graus dia (ºC dia). O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a soma térmica de fases de desenvolvimento de quatro cultivares de arroz em três épocas de cultivo. Foi conduzido um experimento na área de várzea do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria com três datas de semeadura (17/10/2011, 18/11/2011 e 19/12/2011) e quatro cultivares de ciclos distintos: IRGA 421 (ciclo superprecoce), BRS Querência (ciclo precoce), IRGA 424 (ciclo médio) e SCSBRS Tio Taka (ciclo tardio). A duração (º C dia) da fase de emergência - diferenciação de panícula aumentou com o atraso da data de semeadura, enquanto a duração da fase antese ? início da maturação dos grãos foi similar entre as cultivares semeadas no período recomendado pelo zoneamento agrícola

Hyperthermotherapy in the Rice Emasculation Process.

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