A Survey of IUE Spectra of the Active Binary System UX Arietis

To investigate the ultraviolet (UV) activity of the bright, non-eclipsing, double-lined spectroscopic binary system UX Ari, IUE spectra (194 images) were taken from the IUE archive. The spectra, obtained during the period 1978-1996, show emission lines originating in the chromosphere and transition region. The long-wavelength low dispersion spectra were examined for ultraviolet excess by comparing the UV continuum level of UX Ari with the levels of $\kappa$ Cet and $\eta$ Cep in the spectral range 2100 $\AA$ - 3200 $\AA$ . The individual MgII h and k emission-line fluxes of component stars show that the contributions to the activity of the system for G5 V and K0 IV are about 20% and 80%, respectively. Apart from the flare event observed on 1979 Jan 1, there are some flux enhancements in the years 1987, 1991 and 1994 which may suggest existence of a periodicity of about 7-9 years. Examination of the ultraviolet excess in the system showed that there is some UV excess in UX Ari, which varies from 1% up to 24% with the exception of two images which showed no UV excess. The results revealed that there was an agreement on the source of emission regions which could be attributed to the magnetic activity. The contribution of G5 V and K0 IV components to the MgII activity of the system suggests a need to take into consideration the spot distribution not only on the surface of K0 IV but also on the surface of G5 V component of UX Ari.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure

Atmospheric parameters and rotational velocities for a sample of Galactic B-type supergiants

High resolution optical spectra of 57 Galactic B-type supergiant stars have been analyzed to determine their rotational and macroturbulent velocities. In addition, their atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity and microturbulent velocity) and surface nitrogen abundances have been estimated using a non-LTE grid of model atmospheres. Comparisons of the projected rotational velocities have been made with the predictions of stellar evolutionary models and in general good agreement was found. However for a small number of targets, their observed rotational velocities were significantly larger than predicted, although their nitrogen abundances were consistent with the rest of the sample. We conclude that binarity may have played a role in generating their large rotational velocities. No correlation was found between nitrogen abundances and the current projected rotational velocities. However a correlation was found with the inferred projected rotational velocities of the main sequence precursors of our supergiant sample. This correlation is again in agreement with the predictions of single star evolutionary models that incorporate rotational mixing. The origin of the macroturbulent and microturbulent velocity fields is discussed and our results support previous theoretical studies that link the former to sub-photospheric convection and the latter to non-radial gravity mode oscillations. In addition, we have attempted to identify differential rotation in our most rapidly rotating targets.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS, 16 page

Occupational therapy practice with children who have complex needs: Birth to five years

This scoping review aims to describe existing and emerging evidence about occupational therapy practice with children from birth to five years of age who have complex needs. Occupational therapists have a crucial role in helping children with complex needs participate in valued and meaningful occupations (Joosten, 2015), and supporting these children’s families to manage the demands of daily life. This role is not fully understood as a specific area of practice, and instead is often combined with other areas of occupational therapy practice where children’s needs are less complex. Early childhood occupational therapy with children with complex needs and their families is critical to maximise their development, wellbeing, and participation. Early childhood is classified as typically occurring during the zero-to-five-year age period (Clark & Kingsley, 2020), and these children require significant occupational therapy input during this time. Yet to date, little is known about this area of occupational therapy practice in Australia, nor the occupational therapy workforce providing these services. Even the number of occupational therapists providing early childhood intervention to children with complex needs is not known (Department of Health, 2019). While working with children is a popular area of practice for occupational therapists, there has been limited exploration of the nature, scope, and aims of occupational therapy practice with children requiring complex early childhood intervention. The research will apply scoping review methodology to scope current knowledge and understandings, while best describing all available evidence on early childhood occupational therapy with children aged birth to five years who have complex needs. The review will map the evidence to provide an opportunity to clarify concepts, characteristics, definitions, and knowledge gaps (Munn et al., 2018). By enabling a descriptive synthesis, the results of the scoping review will highlight knowledge gaps and guide future research. This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology (Joanna Briggs Institute, 2020; Khalil et al., 2021; Munn et al., 2018; Pollock et al., 2021). Results will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) (Munn et al., 2018). This scoping review will provide an opportunity to evaluate evidence that is emerging, such as in the case of occupational therapy practice with children with complex needs (Munn et al., 2018). As a part of this scoping review, publicly available evidence will be included, such as peer-reviewed research, research dissertations, government policies/reports, scope of practice documents, books and book chapters, practice guidelines and public expert opinion (Pollock et al., 2021). Research publications may involve either/or a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The scoping review will map the evidence and provide an opportunity to clarify concepts, characteristics, definitions, and knowledge gaps (Munn et al., 2018). By enabling a descriptive synthesis, the results of the scoping review will highlight knowledge gaps and guide future research