Lignin solubilisation and gentle fractionation in liquid ammonia

We present a simple method for solubilising lignin using liquid ammonia. Unlike water, which requires harsh conditions, ammonia can solubilise technical lignins, in particular kraft lignin. A commercial pine wood Kraft lignin (Indulin AT) was solubilized instantaneously at room temperature and 7–11 bars autogeneous pressure, while a commercial mixed wheat straw/Sarkanda grass soda lignin (Protobind™ 1000) was solubilized within 3 h at ambient temperature, and 30 min at. 85 °C. Hydroxide salts were not required. Wheat straw, poplar and spruce organosolv lignins, as well as elephant grass native lignin (MWL) were also solubilized, albeit at lower values. Different sequences of solubilisation and extraction were tested on the Protobind™ 1000 lignin. The remaining lignin residues were characterized by FTIR, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), elemental analysis (ICP), 2D-NMR and 31P NMR. Liquid ammonia is not an innocent solvent, as some nitrogen was incorporated in the residual lignin which then rearranged to higher molecular weight fractions. Nevertheless, the mild solubilisation conditions make liquid ammonia an attractive candidate as a solvent for lignin in future biorefinery processes

Die invloed van die bynierskorshormone op borselgrensvertering en glukose-absorpsie in die dunderm van die laboratorium rot

Proefskrif (M. Sc.) -- Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 1988.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record

Lignin solubilisation and gentle fractionation in liquid ammonia

We present a simple method for solubilizing lignin using liq. ammonia. Unlike water, which requires harsh conditions, ammonia can solubilize tech. lignins, in particular kraft lignin. A com. pine wood Kraft lignin (Indulin AT) was solubilized instantaneously at room temp. and 7-​11 bars autogenous pressure, while a com. mixed wheat straw​/Sarkanda grass soda lignin (Protobind 1000) was solubilized within 3 h at ambient temp., and 30 min at. 85 °C. Hydroxide salts were not required. Wheat straw, poplar and spruce organosolv lignins, as well as elephant grass native lignin (MWL) were also solubilized, albeit at lower values. Different sequences of solubilization and extn. were tested on the Protobind 1000 lignin. The remaining lignin residues were characterized by FTIR, size exclusion chromatog. (SEC)​, elemental anal. (ICP)​, 2D-​NMR and 31P NMR. Liq. ammonia is not an innocent solvent, as some nitrogen was incorporated in the residual lignin which then rearranged to higher mol. wt. fractions. Nevertheless, the mild solubilization conditions make liq. ammonia an attractive candidate as a solvent for lignin in future biorefinery processes. Indexin

Technologische Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Konzeption einer Berichterstattung zu den Determinanten und Perspektiven der deutschen Position im internationalen Vergleich Endbericht

Available from TIB Hannover: F94B2028 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Anwendung der Erkenntnisse KREV an konkreten Bauvorhaben. KREV-A Teilobjekt: Stiftung Liebenau. Schlussbericht

See also BMFT-FB-T--83-270; 83-271; 83-272. With 9 refs., 84 tabs., 78 figs.SIGLEDEGerman