Health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5 -a novel closed containment system at sea

Closed-containment (CCS) systems offer several advantages in controlling the production environment for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, especially at sea, where fish are more exposed to challenging environmental conditions. Here, we report the health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5, a 3500 m3 semi-closed containment system. A group of 200,000 post-smolts was followed from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) facility, then for three and a half months in FishGLOBE V5, and three months after release in net pens. Fish samples were collected at four time points during the production period, while water quality was evaluated when the fish were in FishGLOBE V5. The water quality in FishGLOBE V5 was within the recommended range for salmon post-smolts. The mortality rate was 1.4% in FishGLOBE V5 and 4.9% in net pens. There was an increase in the prevalence of eye, snout and dorsal fin damages before the fish left the FishGLOBE V5 phase. The plasma level of magnesium was slightly elevated during this phase as well, indicating osmotic imbalance and stress. Histological evaluation of skin and gills showed sporadic cases of non-specific pathologies. In particular, the transitory stay in FishGLOBE V5 partially improved skin health, but not gill health. Gene expression profiling of some biomarkers showed that rearing fish in FishGLOBE V5 could influence the expression of genes involved in stress response, mucus production, and epithelial integrity. This study documented that rearing salmon for a certain period in FishGLOBE V5 during production affected different health and welfare indicators. These changes should be taken into consideration for the improvement of FishGLOBE V5 as a viable technology for post-smolt production at sea.Health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5 -a novel closed containment system at seapublishedVersio

FishGLOBE – a new S-CCS concept for farming salmon

Denne rapporten beskriver vannkvalitet og ytelse og velferd hos post-smolt som har gått i det semilukkede anlegget FishGLOBE. I tillegg har FishGLOBE V3 og V5 blitt modellert med CFD modellering. Fire ulike caser ble modellert i V5. Modelleringen viste at det originale designet uten vannavdelere ga best vannhastighet og fordeling. En fiskegruppe på 200 000 post-smolt ble fulgt fra RAS anlegg, så fire måneder i FishGLOBE, og tre måneder etter sjøutsett i åpen not. Vannkvalitetsvariable ble målt rett etter innsett i globen, mens biologiske målinger av fisk ble utført ved alle fire tidspunktene. Vannkvaliteten i FishGLOBE var innenfor det anbefalte. Dødeligheten var 1,4 % i globen og 4,9 % i sjøfasen. Veksten i FishGLOBE viste TGC på 4,0 og SGR på 1,3. Fisken hadde litt forhøyede nivåer av Mg i FishGLOBE, noe som kan bety at den var i osmotisk ubalanse og stresset. Det var økt ekspresjon av hsp90 og Mucin hos fisk i globen, noe som kan tyde på stress. Mucin-nivået kan også øke når skinnet styrkes. Histologisnitt av skinn og gjelle viste en bedring hos fisken i globen. Bedring i gjellestatus kan forklares med god vannkvalitet, lav turbiditet og TSS. Det ble registrert en stor andel av øyeskader hos fisken i FishGLOBE. Det er ukjent hva dette skyldes.Two-hundred-thousand post-smolts were followed from RAS, to four months in FishGLOBE, and three months after transfer to sea cage. Water quality in FishGLOBE was as recommended. Mortality in the globe was 1.4 % and 4.9 % in sea cage. The growth; TGC = 4.0 and SGR = 1.3. The fish had slightly elevated levels of Mg in FishGLOBE and increased expression of hsp90 and mucin. Histology showed that skin and gills status improved in the globe. A large proportion of eye injuries were registered in FishGLOBE. It is unknown what caused this.publishedVersionpublishedVersio

Nytt S-CCS konsept for oppdrett av laks - Postsmoltproduksjon i FishGLOBE

Denne rapporten beskriver vannkvalitet og ytelse og velferd hos post-smolt som har gått i det semilukkede anlegget FishGLOBE. I tillegg har FishGLOBE V3 og V5 blitt modellert med CFD modellering. Fire ulike caser ble modellert i V5. Modelleringen viste at det originale designet uten vannavdelere ga best vannhastighet og fordeling. En fiskegruppe på 200 000 post-smolt ble fulgt fra RAS anlegg, så fire måneder i FishGLOBE, og tre måneder etter sjøutsett i åpen not. Vannkvalitetsvariable ble målt rett etter innsett i globen, mens biologiske målinger av fisk ble utført ved alle fire tidspunktene. Vannkvaliteten i FishGLOBE var innenfor det anbefalte. Dødeligheten var 1,4 % i globen og 4,9 % i sjøfasen. Veksten i FishGLOBE viste TGC på 4,0 og SGR på 1,3. Fisken hadde litt forhøyede nivåer av Mg i FishGLOBE, noe som kan bety at den var i osmotisk ubalanse og stresset. Det var økt ekspresjon av hsp90 og Mucin hos fisk i globen, noe som kan tyde på stress. Mucin-nivået kan også øke når skinnet styrkes. Histologisnitt av skinn og gjelle viste en bedring hos fisken i globen. Bedring i gjellestatus kan forklares med god vannkvalitet, lav turbiditet og TSS. Det ble registrert en stor andel av øyeskader hos fisken i FishGLOBE. Det er ukjent hva dette skyldes

Health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5 -a novel closed containment system at sea

Closed-containment (CCS) systems offer several advantages in controlling the production environment for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, especially at sea, where fish are more exposed to challenging environmental conditions. Here, we report the health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5, a 3500 m3 semi-closed containment system. A group of 200,000 post-smolts was followed from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) facility, then for three and a half months in FishGLOBE V5, and three months after release in net pens. Fish samples were collected at four time points during the production period, while water quality was evaluated when the fish were in FishGLOBE V5. The water quality in FishGLOBE V5 was within the recommended range for salmon post-smolts. The mortality rate was 1.4% in FishGLOBE V5 and 4.9% in net pens. There was an increase in the prevalence of eye, snout and dorsal fin damages before the fish left the FishGLOBE V5 phase. The plasma level of magnesium was slightly elevated during this phase as well, indicating osmotic imbalance and stress. Histological evaluation of skin and gills showed sporadic cases of non-specific pathologies. In particular, the transitory stay in FishGLOBE V5 partially improved skin health, but not gill health. Gene expression profiling of some biomarkers showed that rearing fish in FishGLOBE V5 could influence the expression of genes involved in stress response, mucus production, and epithelial integrity. This study documented that rearing salmon for a certain period in FishGLOBE V5 during production affected different health and welfare indicators. These changes should be taken into consideration for the improvement of FishGLOBE V5 as a viable technology for post-smolt production at sea