Förekomst av kutana födoämnesreaktioner hos hund med atopisk dermatit

There is no clear connection between cutaneous adverse reactions and atopic dermatitis in dogs, however, reports show a prevalence of cutaneous adverse reactions in 2-30% of atopic dogs. The purpose of this study was to record how many atopic dogs that also were diagnosed with cutaneous adverse reactions. Journals of atopic dogs in two Swedish animal hospitals, diagnosed between 1995 and June 2003, were examined. In the two animal hospitals, 188 journals were selected to match the criteria of atopic dermatitis according to this study. Of these dogs, 86 were put on a strict food elimination dietary trial. The results showed a prevalence of cutaneous adverse reactions in 44,2% of the atopic dogs

Insulin-like growth factor-I in the domestic cat

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has growth promoting effects as well as insulin-like actions on metabolism. IGF-I associates with a family of six high affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and these interfere in immunoassays for IGF-I. The role of binding of IGF-I to IGFBP-3, together with a third protein (the acid-labile subunit), to form a high molecular mass ternary complex, is not known in cats. In adult humans the ternary complex is the dominant circulating form. The cat is a strict carnivore with different metabolism to other species, which may include differences in the IGF system. In clinical practice serum IGF-I is used routinely for screening for acromegaly in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). The overall aim of this thesis was to determine factors regulating IGF-I concentrations in health and disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for measuring feline IGF-I and insulin were validated. It is recommended that laboratories, in validating their assays, should be aware of position effects on assay plates and, for IGF-I assays, interference by circulating IGFBPs. For IGF-I, between animal variation was high (~65%) while within animal variation was considerable lower (~8%). These values for biological variation can now be used in interpreting clinical results after repeated sampling in screening for, and in the management of, acromegaly. IGF-I concentrations were related to the amount of the ternary complex in healthy and diabetic cats. The ternary complex was the dominating circulating form only in cats with high IGF-I concentrations. There was a wide range of IGF-I concentrations in both healthy and diabetic cats that was in part related to variation in weight. When using IGF-I as a screening tool for acromegaly in diabetic cats, glycaemic control should also be taken into consideration. IGF-I concentrations increased in response to insulin treatment and concentrations at 2-4 weeks were higher in cats that later went into remission. In conclusion, in contrast to adult humans, circulating IGF-binding forms vary across the wide range of IGF-I concentrations in the cat. It is recommended that reference intervals for healthy cats are developed, stratifying by weight. IGF-I shows promise as a predictive marker for remission in feline diabetes mellitus

Partial validation of the Vcheck canine pancreatic lipase assay

Measurement of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) is used for diagnosing pancreatitis in dogs. Because pancreatitis can be a life-threatening disease with severe complications, an in-house cPLI test would be valuable to obtain rapid test results. The aim of this study was to evaluate a point-of-care cPLI test, Vcheck cPL. Precision, determined according to EP15, and linearity under dilution were determined and judged against preset quality goals. Results from the Vcheck cPL were compared with a previously validated cPLI ELISA, Spec cPL. In a retrospective study, cPLI results from dogs with and without acute pancreatitis, as determined by pancreatic ultrasound examination, were investigated to assess the performance of the assay in a clinical setting. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and Passing-Bablok regression analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Precision of the assay was acceptable, with intra-, inter-, and total coefficients of variation (CV%) less than 12.1%, 6.4%, and 12.1%, respectively. Results from the linearity study indicated that the method was acceptably linear at lower concentrations but not in the high-concentration range. The method comparison study revealed that Vcheck generally measured higher concentrations compared with Spec cPL, and that the methods should not be used interchangeably. Dogs with acute pancreatitis had significantly higher cPLI concentrations compared with dogs without pancreatitis (P < 0.01), but there was a marked overlap in cPL concentrations between the two groups

Biological variation of biochemical urine and serum analytes in healthy dogs

BackgroundBiological variation (BV) of urinary (U) biochemical analytes has not been described in absolute terms, let alone as a ratio of the U-creatinine or fractional excretion in healthy dogs. These analytes are potential diagnostic tools for different types of kidney damage and electrolyte disorders in dogs. ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the BV of specific gravity, osmolality, creatinine, urea, protein, glucose, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in urine from healthy pet dogs. MethodsBlood and urine samples from 13 dogs were collected once weekly for 8 weeks. Samples were analyzed in duplicate and in randomized order. For each sample, U-analyte and serum concentrations were measured, and U-analyte/U-creatinine and fractional excretion (FE) were calculated. Components of variance, estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, were used to determine within-subject variation (CVI), between-subject variation (CVG), and analytical variation (CVA). Index of individuality (II) and reference change values were calculated. ResultsCV(I) for all urine analytes varied between 12.6% and 35.9%, except for U-sodium, U-sodium/U-Cr, and FE-sodium, which had higher CV(I)s (59.5%-60.7%). For U-protein, U-sodium, U-potassium, U-sodium/U-creatinine, FE-urea, FE-glucose, FE-sodium, FE-potassium, and FE-phosphate II were low, indicating that population-based RIs were appropriate. The remaining analytes had an intermediate II, suggesting that population-based RIs should be used with caution. ConclusionThis study presents information on the biological variation of urinary and serum biochemical analytes from healthy dogs. These data are important for an appropriate interpretation of laboratory results

Development of a parallel reaction monitoring-MS method to quantify IGF proteins in dogs and a case of nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia

Nonislet-cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon well described in dogs and humans. Tumors associated with NICTH secrete incompletely processed forms of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), commonly named big IGF-II. These forms have increased bioavailability and interact with the insulin and IGF-I receptor causing hypoglycemia and growth-promoting effects. Immunoassays designed for human samples have been used to measure canine IGF-I and -II, but they possess some limitations. In addition, there are no validated methods for measurement of big IGF-II in dogs. In the present study, a targeted parallel reaction monitoring MS-based method previously developed for cats has been optimized and applied to simultaneously quantify the serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3, and for the first time, the levels of big IGF-II in dogs. This method allows the absolute quantification of IGF proteins using a mixture of QPrEST proteins previously designed for humans. The method possesses good linearity and repeatability and has been used to evaluate the IGF-system in a dog with NICTH syndrome. In this dog, the levels of big IGF-II decreased by 80% and the levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 increased approximately 20- and 4-times, respectively, after removal of the tumor

Insulin release from isolated cat islets of Langerhans

Feline diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease with increasing prevalence. It shows similarities with human type 2 diabetes and is characterized by insulin resistance and deficient insulin secretion. Moreover, cats and humans belong to the very few species that form amyloid depositions in the pancreatic islets. However, little is known about cat islet function and no studies have addressed insulin secretion from isolated islets ex vivo. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for isolation of islets of Langerhans from pancreata of cats euthanized due to disease, and to evaluate insulin secretion responses to various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Collagenase digestion of pancreatic tissue from 13 non-diabetic cats and two cats with diabetic ketoacidosis yielded individual islets surrounded by a layer of exocrine tissue that was reduced after two days in culture. Histological examination showed islet amyloid in pancreatic biopsies from most non-diabetic and in one diabetic cat. Islets from non-diabetic cats cultured at 5.5 mM glucose responded with increased insulin secretion to 16.7 mM glucose, 30 mM K+ and 20 mu M of the sulfonylurea glipizide (2-3 times basal secretion at 3 mM glucose). The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (100 nM) had no effect under basal conditions but potentiated glucose-triggered insulin release. Only one of nine islet batches from diabetic cats released detectable amounts of insulin, which was enhanced by exendin-4. Culture of islets from non-diabetic cats at 25 mM glucose impaired secretion both in response to glucose and K+ depolarization. In conclusion, we describe a procedure for isolation of islets from cat pancreas biopsies and demonstrate that isolated cat islets secrete insulin in response to glucose and antidiabetic drugs. The study provides a basis for future ex vivo studies of islet function relevant to the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of feline diabetes

Hypoglykemi vid insulinliknande tillväxtfaktor II-producerande tumör hos hund, katt och häst

Förutom insulinom, som hos djur är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till tumörrelaterad hypoglykemi, förkommer även tumörorsakad hypoglykemi som inte är kopplad till de insulinproducerande cellerna. I den andra delen av Svensk Veterinärtidnings artikelserie från Klinisk kemiska laboratoriet vid SLU Universitetsdjursjukhuset (UDS) beskrivs sjukdomsmekanismerna bakom hypoglykemi vid insulinliknande tillväxtfaktor II-producerande tumör samt de diagnostiska metoder som finns till buds

An individual approach to feline diabetes care:a case report and literature review

BACKGROUND: Achieving insulin independence is emerging as a realistic therapeutic goal in the management of feline diabetes mellitus. CASE PRESENTATION: The management of an 11-year-old spayed female Burmese cat presenting with diabetes mellitus after corticosteroid administration is described. Remission was achieved after the frequency of insulin administration was increased to four times a day, and supported by intensive home blood glucose monitoring and a high protein, low carbohydrate diet. CONCLUSION: Owners are important collaborators in feline diabetes care and, with intensive home monitoring, more frequent insulin treatment may lead to remission without hypoglycemia. More frequent insulin injections than recommended in the literature may be necessary to achieve glycemic control and used as an alternative to a longer-acting insulin