1,127 research outputs found
Magnetic Field-Induced Lattice Effects in a Quasi-2D Organic Conductor Close to the Mott Metal-Insulator Transition
We present ultra-high-resolution dilatometric studies in magnetic fields on a
quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor
-(D8-BEDT-TTF)Cu[N(CN)]Br, which is located close to the
Mott metal-insulator (MI) transition. The obtained thermal expansion
coefficient, , reveals two remarkable features: (i) the Mott MI
transition temperature = (13.6 0.6)\,K is insensitive to fields
up to 10\,T, the highest applied field; (ii) for fields along the interlayer
\emph{b}-axis, a magnetic-field-induced (FI) phase transition at =
(9.5 0.5)\,K is observed above a threshold field 1 T,
indicative of a spin reorientation with strong magneto-elastic coupling.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Will availability of inhaled human insulin (Exubera (R)) improve management of type 2 diabetes? The design of the Real World trial
Background: Common deterrents to insulin therapy for both physicians and patients are the complexity and burden of daily injections. In January 2006, the first inhaled human insulin (INH, Exubera(R) (insulinhuman [ rDNA origin]) InhalationPowder) was approved for use in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States and European Union. Results from the INH clinical trial program have shown comparable efficacy of INH to subcutaneous (SC) insulin and superior efficacy versus oral antidiabetic agents; thus providing effective glycemic control in adult patients with T2DM without the requirement for preprandial injections. However, because subjects in those trials were randomized to either INH or an alternative, the studies could not estimate the effect of INH on patient acceptance of insulin therapy. Therefore, traditional study designs cannot provide answers to important and practical questions regarding real world effectiveness, which is influenced by psychological and other access barriers.Methods: To overcome these limitations, the Real World Trial was designed to estimate the effect of the availability of INH as a treatment option for glycemic control. A total of approximately 700 patients from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and the United States with T2DM poorly controlled by oral agent therapy will be randomized to two different treatment settings. Patients and clinicians in both groups ( A & B) may choose from all licensed therapies for diabetes including SC insulin delivered by pens; INH will be an additional treatment option only available in Group A. The Real World Trial ( Protocol A2171018) has been registered with ClincalTrials. gov, registration id NCT00134147.Results: The primary outcome for the trial will be the difference in mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) at 6 months between groups. The design was based on a preceding feasibility study examining the theoretical effects of inhaled insulin availability on treatment choice in 779 patients. In that study, patients were three times more likely to choose insulin therapy when inhaled insulin was available.Conclusion: Innovations in study designs may provide an opportunity to reveal unbiased answers to important treatment questions that are more relevant to prescribers, funding agencies, and healthcare policymakers
Phase boundary and finite temperature crossovers of the quantum Ising model in two dimensions
We revisit the two-dimensional quantum Ising model by computing
renormalization group flows close to its quantum critical point. The low but
finite temperature regime in the vicinity of the quantum critical point is
squashed between two distinct non-Gaussian fixed points: the classical fixed
point dominated by thermal fluctuations and the quantum critical fixed point
dominated by zero-point quantum fluctuations. Truncating an exact flow equation
for the effective action we derive a set of renormalization group equations and
analyze how the interplay of quantum and thermal fluctuations, both
non-Gaussian in nature, influences the shape of the phase boundary and the
region in the phase diagram where critical fluctuations occur. The solution of
the flow equations makes this interplay transparent: we detect finite
temperature crossovers by computing critical exponents and we confirm that the
power law describing the finite temperature phase boundary as a function of
control parameter is given by the correlation length exponent at zero
temperature as predicted in an epsilon-expansion with epsilon=1 by Sachdev,
Phys. Rev. B 55, 142 (1997).Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. B Rapid Communication
Determining ethylene group disorder levels in -(BEDT-TTF)Cu[N(CN)]Br
We present a detailed structural investigation of the organic superconductor
-(BEDT-TTF)Cu[N(CN)]Br at temperatures from 9 to 300 K.
Anomalies in the dependence of the lattice parameters are associated with a
glass-like transition previously reported at = 77 K. From structure
refinements at 9, 100 and 300 K, the orthorhombic crystalline symmetry, space
group {\it Pnma}, is established at all temperatures. Further, we extract the
dependence of the occupation factor of the eclipsed conformation of the
terminal ethylene groups of the BEDT-TTF molecule. At 300 K, we find 67(2) %,
with an increase to 97(3) % at 9 K. We conclude that the glass-like transition
is not primarily caused by configurational freezing-out of the ethylene groups
Expression and function of the bHLH genes ALCATRAZ and SPATULA in selected Solanaceae species
[EN] The genetic mechanisms underlying fruit development have been identified in Arabidopsis and have been comparatively studied in tomato as a representative of fleshy fruits. However, comparative expression and functional analyses on the bHLH genes downstream the genetic network, ALCATRAZ (ALC) and SPATULA (SPT), which are involved in the formation of the dehiscence zone in Arabidopsis, have not been functionally studied in the Solanaceae. Here, we perform detailed expression and functional studies of ALC/SPT homologs in Nicotiana obtusifolia with capsules, and in Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum with berries. In Solanaceae, ALC and SPT genes are expressed in leaves, and all floral organs, especially in petal margins, stamens and carpels; however, their expression changes during fruit maturation according to the fruit type. Functional analyses show that downregulation of ALC/SPT genes does not have an effect on gynoecium patterning; however, they have acquired opposite roles in petal expansion and have been co-opted in leaf pigmentation in Solanaceae. In addition, ALC/SPT genes repress lignification in time and space during fruit development in Solanaceae. Altogether, some roles of ALC and SPT genes are different between Brassicaceae and Solanaceae; while the paralogs have undergone some subfunctionalization in the former they are mostly redundant in the latter.This work was funded by COLCIENCIAS (111565842812), the iCOOP + 2016 COOPB20250 from the Centro Superior de Investigación Científica, CSIC, the ExpoSeed (H2020.MSCA-RISE-2015-691109) EU grant, the Convocatoria Programáticas 2017-16302, and the Estrategia de Sostenibilidad 2018-2019, from the Universidad de Antioquia. The authors would like to thank the group members of the Ferrándiz and Madueño Labs at IBMCP-UPV for training and help in the standardization of in situ hybridization. Finally, the authors thank Ricardo Callejas and Zulma Monsalve, from the Universidad de Antioquia, for their helpful suggestions during this research.Ortiz-Ramirez, CI.; Giraldo, MA.; Ferrandiz Maestre, C.; Pabon-Mora, N. (2019). Expression and function of the bHLH genes ALCATRAZ and SPATULA in selected Solanaceae species. The Plant Journal. 99(4):686-702. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14352S686702994Golam Masu, A. S. M., Khandaker, L., Berthold, J., Gates, L., Peters, K., Delong, H., & Hossain, K. (2011). Anthocyanin, Total Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Common Bean. American Journal of Food Technology, 6(5), 385-394. doi:10.3923/ajft.2011.385.394Atchley, W. R., Terhalle, W., & Dress, A. (1999). Positional Dependence, Cliques, and Predictive Motifs in the bHLH Protein Domain. 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SHATTERPROOF
Genes by FRUITFULL During
Arabidopsis
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Ripening-Inhibitor
(
Rin
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Anomalous scaling of fermions and order parameter fluctuations at quantum criticality
We analyze the quantum phase transition between a semimetal and a superfluid
in a model of attractively interacting fermions with a linear dispersion. The
quantum critical properties of this model cannot be treated by the Hertz-Millis
approach since integrating out the fermions leads to a singular Landau-Ginzburg
order parameter functional. We therefore derive and solve coupled
renormalization group equations for the fermionic degrees of freedom and the
bosonic order parameter fluctuations. In two spatial dimensions, fermions and
bosons acquire anomalous scaling dimensions at the quantum critical point,
associated with non-Fermi liquid behavior and non-Gaussian order parameter
fluctuations.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, highlighted differences to Gross-Neveu model,
updated version as publishe
Actin Filaments Target the Oligomeric Maturation of the Dynamin Gtpase Drp1 to Mitochondrial Fission Sites
While the dynamin GTPase Drp1 plays a critical role during mitochondrial fission, mechanisms controlling its recruitment to fission sites are unclear. A current assumption is that cytosolic Drp1 is recruited directly to fission sites immediately prior to fission. Using live-cell microscopy, we find evidence for a different model, progressive maturation of Drp1 oligomers on mitochondria through incorporation of smaller mitochondrially-bound Drp1 units. Maturation of a stable Drp1 oligomer does not forcibly lead to fission. Drp1 oligomers also translocate directionally along mitochondria. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, causes rapid mitochondrial accumulation of actin filaments followed by Drp1 accumulation at the fission site, and increases fission rate. Inhibiting actin polymerization, myosin IIA, or the formin INF2 reduces both un-stimulated and ionomycin-induced Drp1 accumulation and mitochondrial fission. Actin filaments bind purified Drp1 and increase GTPase activity in a manner that is synergistic with the mitochondrial protein Mff, suggesting a role for direct Drp1/actin interaction. We propose that Drp1 is in dynamic equilibrium on mitochondria in a fission-independent manner, and that fission factors such as actin filaments target productive oligomerization to fission sites
Izolacija i sposobnost hvatanja slobodnih radikala cijanidin 3-O-glikozida iz plodova Ribes biebersteinii Berl.
The reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatographic purification of the methanol extract of the fruits of Ribes biebersteinii Berl. (Grossulariaceae) afforded five cyanidin glycosides, 3-O-sambubiosyl-5-O-glucosyl cyanidin (1), cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside (2), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3), cyanidin 3-O-(2G-xylosyl)-rutinoside (4) and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (5). They showed considerable free-radical-scavenging properties in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay with the RC50 values of 9.29 × 106, 9.33 × 106, 8.31 × 106, 8.96 × 106 and 9.55 × 106 mol L1, respectively. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by various chemical hydrolyses and spectroscopic means. The total anthocyanin content was 1.9 g per 100 g dried fruits on cyanidin 3-glucoside basis.Pet cijanidin glikozida, 3-O-sambubiozil-5-O-glukozil cijanidin (1), cijanidin 3-O-sambubiozid (2), cijanidin 3-O-glukozid (3), cijanidin 3-O-(2G-ksilozil)-rutinozid (4) i cijanidin 3-O-rutinosid (5) izolirani su iz metanolnog ekstrakta plodova Ribes biebersteinii Berl. (Grossulariaceae) koristeći reverzno-faznu preparativnu tekućinsku kromatografiju visoke učinkovitosti. Cijanidin glikozidi pokazali su sposobnost hvatanja slobodnih radikala u pokusu s 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazilom (DPPH). Dobivene su sljedeće RC50 vrijednosti: 9,29 × 106, 9,33 × 106, 8,31 × 106, 8,96 × 106, odnosno 9,55 × 106 mol L1. Strukture glikozida određene su kemijskom hidrolizom i spektroskopijom masa. Ukupni sadržaj antocijanina bio je 1,9 g na 100 g suhih plodova preračunato na cijanidin 3-glukozid
Impact of HbA1c Measurement on Hospital Readmission Rates: Analysis of 70,000 Clinical Database Patient Records
Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients has a significant bearing on outcome, in terms of both morbidity and mortality. However, there are few national assessments of diabetes care during hospitalization which could serve as a baseline for change. This analysis of a large clinical database (74 million unique encounters corresponding to 17 million unique patients) was undertaken to provide such an assessment and to find future directions which might lead to improvements in patient safety. Almost 70,000 inpatient diabetes encounters were identified with sufficient detail for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to fit the relationship between the measurement of HbA1c and early readmission while controlling for covariates such as demographics, severity and type of the disease, and type of admission. Results show that the measurement of HbA1c was performed infrequently (18.4%) in the inpatient setting. The statistical model suggests that the relationship between the probability of readmission and the HbA1c measurement depends on the primary diagnosis. The data suggest further that the greater attention to diabetes reflected in HbA1c determination may improve patient outcomes and lower cost of inpatient care
Improved stability regions for ground states of the extended Hubbard model
The ground state phase diagram of the extended Hubbard model containing
nearest and next-to-nearest neighbor interactions is investigated in the
thermodynamic limit using an exact method. It is found that taking into account
local correlations and adding next-to-nearest neighbor interactions both have
significant effects on the position of the phase boundaries. Improved stability
domains for the -pairing state and for the fully saturated ferromagnetic
state at half filling have been constructed. The results show that these states
are the ground states for model Hamiltonians with realistic values of the
interaction parameters.Comment: 21 pages (10 figures are included) Revtex, revised version. To be
published in Phys. Rev. B. E-mail: [email protected]
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