Workshop island 3: algebraic aspects of integrability. Introduction to an additional volume of selected papers arising from the conference on algebraic aspects of integrable systems, Island 3, Islay 2007

As did the very first ISLAND workshop, ISLAND 3 took place on the Hebridean island of Islay, providing a beautiful and serene surrounding for the meeting which ran for over four days. Building on the success of the previous meetings, ISLAND 3 saw the largest number (so far) of participants coming from countries all over the world. A complete list can be found below

On-line energy services for smart homes

The EC funded 'Smart Homes' project commenced in 2001 as a 3 year programme. The primary objective is to establish Internet-based energy services and test these within field trials in Sweden, Greece, the Czech Republic and the UK. The tasks include the prototyping and testing of energy services for citizens and professionals, and the establishment of cable and wireless approaches to Internet connection. The implementations are based on residential gateway, or 'e-box', technology. Users, for example utilities, citizens, local authority energy managers and health care providers, can access the information through standard Web browsers and, depending on the particular energy service, may transmit information or control requests back to the originating homes. This paper sets out the overall structure of the SmartHomes system and reports on progress to date

The relation of the Holy Spirit to the new humanity of Jesus Christ, with special reference to the writings of Edward Irving

Edward Irving's writings on the relation of the Holy Spirit to the new humanity of Jesus Christ cover the period 1828 to 1833. They correspond to his writings on the two controversies which led to his trials and deposition; first, over the human nature of Christ and second over the gifts of the Holy Spirit. His understanding of the former was preliminary and preparatory to his understanding of the latter. His doctrine and experience of the latter confirmed and authenticated the former. These two doctrines are today separated by the differences between the Reformed and the Pentecostal Churches but in Irving's system they are reciprocal and mutually interdependent corollaries of one Trinitarian Christology.This study is designed to show the development of his thought on these two related and interdependent doctrines. How did he formulate his thought on each of them? How did he come to see them in relation to each other? What was the nature of that relationship? What was his final "Pentecostal" synthesis of them in doctrine, experience and discipline? What was the precise ecclesiastical and theological response to his teachings? What were the arguments put forward in the debates on these issues? What was the result of these controversies? These are the questions which this essay begins to try and answer.The method of this study is historical. Irving's Christological writings have been put into their context and have been treated consecutively. They have been explained as far as possible by his own theological narratives in which he gives his own comments and explanations of the formative influences on his thought.Much of what has already been written about this aspect of his work has been spoiled by the intrusion of interpretative categories which have been alien and inappropriate to the subject matter. At the height of his troubles he lamented "Will men never take a man's word for his faith, but always be drawing conclusions concerning it according to their own oblique and erroneous minds". It is the hope and the intention of this essay to take Irving's word for his faith and, as far as possible, to let him speak for himself

Career self-efficacy psycho-educational group model for emerging adults using positive psychology interventions

Emerging adulthood is becoming recognized in research as a unique developmental phase where young people explore role identity, relationships, values and beliefs, and their potential for different vocational pursuits. Career counseling is not often considered by individuals who are experiencing difficulties in making optimal career choices, yet evidence supports the need for career interventions that address both career search strategies and personal growth. Positive psychology\u27s emphasis on developing one\u27s strengths as a venue for career satisfaction and overall well-being is an approach that may best assist emerging adults to find out what they are good at doing, and develop positive self-efficacy about their strengths and abilities that can be transferred to more optimal career choices. The psycho-educational group model provides a basis for identifying strengths, and learning and practicing how to use them within a social context. Self-knowledge and confidence can then be applied to the career search process, leading to fewer job changes and a more focused career direction

Initial Chemical Events in the Energetic Material RDX under Shock Loading: Role of Defects

We use the recently developed reactive force field ReaxFF with molecular dynamics (MD) to study the role of voids on the initial chemical events in the high-energy material RDX under shock loading. We find that for strong shocks (particles velocity of 3 km/s) very small gaps (2 nm) lead to important over-heating (~ 1000 K). This over-heating facilitates chemical reactions and leads to a larger production of small molecules (such as NO2, NO, OH) than in perfect crystals shocked with the same strength. The chemical reactions occur after the void has collapsed and the ejected material re-compressed rather than when hot molecules are ejected out of the downstream surface

Foot and Mouth Epidemic Reduces Cases of Human Cryptosporidiosis in Scotland.

In Scotland, rates of cryptosporidiosis infection in humans peak during the spring, a peak that is coincident with the peak in rates of infection in farm animals (during lambing and calving time). Here we show that, during the outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in 2001, there was a significant reduction in human cases of cryptosporidiosis infection in southern Scotland, where FMD was present, whereas, in the rest of Scotland, there was a reduction in cases that was not significant. We associate the reduction in human cases of cryptosporidiosis infection with the reduction in the number of young farm animals, together with restrictions on movement of both farm animals and humans, during the outbreak of FMD in 2001. We further show that, during 2002, there was recovery in the rate of cryptosporidiosis infection in humans throughout Scotland, particularly in the FMD-infected area, but that rates of infection remained lower, though not significantly, than pre-2001 levels

Empirical validation of models to compute solar irradiance on inclined surfaces for building energy simulation

Accurately computing solar irradiance on external facades is a prerequisite for reliably predicting thermal behavior and cooling loads of buildings. Validation of radiation models and algorithms implemented in building energy simulation codes is an essential endeavor for evaluating solar gain models. Seven solar radiation models implemented in four building energy simulation codes were investigated: (1) isotropic sky, (2) Klucher, (3) Hay-Davies, (4) Reindl, (5) Muneer, (6) 1987 Perez, and (7) 1990 Perez models. The building energy simulation codes included: EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, TRNSYS-TUD, and ESP-r. Solar radiation data from two 25 days periods in October and March/April, which included diverse atmospheric conditions and solar altitudes, measured on the EMPA campus in a suburban area in Duebendorf, Switzerland, were used for validation purposes. Two of the three measured components of solar irradiances - global horizontal, diffuse horizontal and direct-normal - were used as inputs for calculating global irradiance on a south-west façade. Numerous statistical parameters were employed to analyze hourly measured and predicted global vertical irradiances. Mean absolute differences for both periods were found to be: (1) 13.7% and 14.9% for the isotropic sky model, (2) 9.1% for the Hay-Davies model, (3) 9.4% for the Reindl model, (4) 7.6% for the Muneer model, (5) 13.2% for the Klucher model, (6) 9.0%, 7.7%, 6.6%, and 7.1% for the 1990 Perez models, and (7) 7.9% for the 1987 Perez model. Detailed sensitivity analyses using Monte Carlo and fitted effects for N-way factorial analyses were applied to assess how uncertainties in input parameters propagated through one of the building energy simulation codes and impacted the output parameter. The implications of deviations in computed solar irradiances on predicted thermal behavior and cooling load of buildings are discussed