Hypersonic flows for reentry problems

INRIA and GAMNI/SMAI have organized a Workshop open to the international scientific community on hypersonic flows for reentry problems which was held in Palais des Congres d'Antibes in January 1990 (part I) and April 1991 (part II). This workshop was focussed on the issues of validation of numerical methodolies for the computation of high-Mach number flows, and gathered experts in Scientifical computing, fluid mechanics and experimentalists associated with the R and D Hermes program. Several volumes are devoted to the results and the detailed syntheses. This report presents a general synthesis of the motivations for this initiative, the development of the meetings, and the main conclusions drawn. A shorter version of this document has served as notes corresponding to a lecture given at an AGARD meeting

CT scan screening is associated with increased distress among subjects of the APExS

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to assess the psychological consequences of HRCT scan screening in retired asbestos-exposed workers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A HRCT-scan screening program for asbestos-related diseases was carried out in four regions of France. At baseline (T1), subjects filled in self-administered occupational questionnaires. In two of the regions, subjects also received a validated psychological scale, namely the psychological consequences questionnaire (PCQ). The physician was required to provide the subject with the results of the HRCT scan at a final visit. A second assessment of psychological consequences was performed 6 months after the HRCT-scan examination (T2). PCQ scores were compared quantitatively (t-test, general linear model) and qualitatively (chi²-test, logistic regression) to screening results. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for gender, age, smoking, asbestos exposure and counseling.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the 832 subjects included in this psychological impact study, HRCT-scan screening was associated with a significant increase of the psychological score 6 months after the examination relative to baseline values (8.31 to 10.08, p < 0.0001, t-test). This increase concerned patients with an abnormal HRCT-scan result, regardless of the abnormalities, but also patients with normal HRCT-scans after adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, asbestos exposure and counseling visit. The greatest increase was observed for pleural plaques (+3.60; 95%CI [+2.15;+5.06]), which are benign lesions. Detection of isolated pulmonary nodules was also associated with a less marked but nevertheless significant increase of distress (+1.88; 95%CI [+0.34;+3.42]). However, analyses based on logistic regressions only showed a close to significant increase of the proportion of subjects with abnormal PCQ scores at T2 for patients with asbestosis (OR = 1.92; 95%CI [0.97-3.81]) or with two or more diseases (OR = 2.04; 95%CI [0.95-4.37]).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study suggests that HRCT-scan screening may be associated with increased distress in asbestos-exposed subjects. If confirmed, these results may have consequences for HRCT-scan screening recommendations.</p

Recent Development in the Law of International Bank Guarantees in France and Belgium [Article]

Third Conference of the International Academy of Commercial and Consumer LawThis material published in Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law is made available by the James E. Rogers College of Law, the Daniel F. Cracchiolo Law Library, and the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact the AJICL Editorial Board at http://arizonajournal.org/contact-us/

Les conflits de lois en matière de crédits bancaires

Stoufflet Jean. Les conflits de lois en matière de crédits bancaires. In: Travaux du Comité français de droit international privé, 27-30e année, 1966-1969. 1970. pp. 91-117

Confrontation par la vidéo et apprentissage en section professionnelle

En suivant les directives voulues au niveau national, nous nous sommes aperçus de la nécessité de mener des actions sur les techniques d’apprentissage. Les directives sur la nécessité de rendre les élèves autonomes en leur donnant des stratégies pour « apprendre à apprendre », font aujourd’hui consensus. Elles sont ainsi soulignées par certains recteurs d’académie, et entre aujourd’hui tout à fait dans les objectifs de tous les enseignements, du premier cycle au secondaire.Nous avons souhaité mettre en place une action pédagogique sur ce thème, dans une section de seconde professionnelle PAR. En nous plaçant sous l’angle de la psychologie cognitive, nous avons élaboré une méthode pour observer les effets de la confrontation des élèves à leurs réalisations, via l’usage de vidéo et la réalisation de voix-off, pour en particulier observer l’amélioration des gestes professionnels. Nous avons pu qualifier cette amélioration au vu de deux groupes d’élèves.Le public avec lequel l’action a été menée, est composé d’élèves de Seine-et-Marne, plus précisément du bassin de Meaux, qui ont choisi la voie professionnelle en PAR. La classe est composée de plusieurs allophones et d’un autiste. rapidement l’usage de la vidéo s’est présenté comme le plus adéquat pour ce public. Nous avons centré notre action sur trois sous-compétences, que les élèves doivent maîtriser en fin de séquence.Notre problématique s’appuie sur des recherches en psychologie cognitives, notamment sur les notions d’autorégulation, de métacognition, et d’automatisation des apprentissages. Nous avons inscrit la démarche de confrontation vidéo, comme une source de recueil de donnée, pour notre enquête et une source de confrontation qui favorise l’apprentissage de l’apprenant. Notre méthodologie est donc basée à la fois sur l’exploitation qualitative des vidéos des actions des élèves, dans les différentes compétences filmées, mais aussi sur l’exploitation vidéo de la confrontation de l’apprenant et du groupe classe avec ces vidéos réalisées. On répète ensuite la première étape, pour vérifier que l’apprenant à bien réaliser une régulation de son activité sur la compétence filmée au départ. L’exploitation de ces vidéos a permis de caractériser ces améliorations attendues, de l’exécution de ces compétences, de la part de certains des élèves

Droit du crédit. 2, Chèques, effets de commerce, cartes de crédit et de paiement (2e édition) / Christian Gavalda,... Jean Stoufflet,...

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Characteristics of never smoker lung cancer including environmental and occupational risk factors.

International audienceINTRODUCTION: Clinical characteristics and risk factors of nonsmoker patients with lung cancer are still debated. AIM AND METHODS: The aim of this work is to describe the characteristics of never smoker patients with lung cancer, focusing on occupational and environmental exposures, Data collected were: age, gender, histological types, methods of diagnosis, TNM staging, smoking, and occupational data. Statistical analysis included descriptive analyses, Pearson's chi-square or nonparametric tests, and logistic regressions. RESULTS: All lung cancers diagnosed between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2006, representing 1493 cases were included. Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) [Odds Ratio (OR)=2.5 (1.5-4.3), p<0.0001] as well as clinical stage I cases at diagnosis [OR=2.4 (1.3-4.3)] were most frequent in nonsmokers relative to ever smokers. Comparison of clinical features among male and female nonsmoker patients did not reveal significant differences. Conversely, strong differences appeared when comparing environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and occupational exposures in nonsmoker women vs men: ETS exposure (78.6% nonsmoker women vs 21.4% nonsmoker men, p<0.0001), occupational exposure (9.4% vs 48.6%, p<0.0005). Noteworthy, a sizeable number of nonsmoker male (40.0%), and nonsmoker female (31.2%) patients had no known exposure to major lung carcinogens. CONCLUSIONS: Main risk factors (ETS and occupational exposure) may only explain some cases

Relationships between lung adenocarcinoma and gender, age, smoking and occupational risk factors: A case-case study.

International audienceBACKGROUND: The hypothesis that some risk factors for lung cancer may have more specific associations with particular histologic types remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between adenocarcinoma and gender, age, smoking characteristics and selected occupational carcinogens in relation to other histologic types. METHODS: This study included all histologically confirmed lung cancer cases diagnosed consecutively in two French University hospitals from 1997 to 2006. All medical data were obtained by face-to-face patient interviews. Occupational carcinogen exposures of each patient were assessed by an industrial hygienist. Relationships between risk factors and adenocarcinoma were analyzed by case-case comparisons using unconditional logistic regressions (ULRs). RESULTS: A total of 1493 subjects were enrolled in this study, comprising 1303 men (87.3%), 67 nonsmokers (4.5%) and 489 adenocarcinomas (32.7%). Using ULR, no associations were observed between adenocarcinoma and age, gender or smoking characteristics except for a negative relationship with smoking duration (p<0.0001). Significant associations were observed between ADC and exposure to welding fumes and silica in the whole population and with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ever smokers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that some risk factors, such as duration of smoking and certain occupational exposures but not gender or age, have a more important influence on the incidence of lung ADC than on other histologic types. As the distribution of histologic types may reflect underlying biological mechanisms, these findings also suggest that lung carcinogenesis pathways should be studied in relation to smoking duration and other lung cancer risk factors