Increasing groundwater CO

Alkalinity and groundwater CO2 have increased linearly from 1991–2017 at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS), a tallgrass prairie research site in northeastern Kansas. The projected increase in groundwater alkalinity (as HCO3-) and CO2 based on an earlier trend was confirmed in 2016, with predictions nearly equal to recent values (e.g., 408 ppm vs 410 ppm as HCO3-, respectively). Both the water balance and groundwater CO2 trends within the study watershed could be impacted by long-term changes in land use and climate: 1) encroachment of woody vegetation (1983–2012) as a result of the 4-year fire return interval, 2) re-introduction of bison (phased in, 1994–2006), 3) increases in air temperature, and 4) changes in precipitation patterns. If only linear processes are driving the observed water chemistry changes, then the linear increase in air temperature (1983–2017) that stimulates soil respiration may be the most likely factor enhancing groundwater HCO3- and CO2, as air temperature has risen ~1 to 1.4°C over 34 years. If groundwater chemistry is driven by more threshold behaviour, woody encroachment, which was linear but in three distinct phases, may drive groundwater chemistry. The ~2 to 3‰ decrease in the discontinuous δ13C data in the groundwater-dominated stream suggests enhanced inputs of microbially-respired labile carbon, CO2 sourced from C3 (woody vegetation), or a combination of the two

Novas ocorrências de hepáticas (Marchantiophyta) para o estado do Pará, Brasil New occurrences of liverworts for the Pará state, Brazil

Durante o inventário das hepáticas da Serra dos Carajás, foram identificadas quatro novas ocorrências para o estado do Pará: Frullania beyrichiana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb, Frullania kunzei (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb, Symphyogyna aspera Steph. e Lophocolea leptantha (Hook. & Tayl.) Tayl. Esta última espécie, antes somente relacionada para as regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, é nova ocorrência para o eixo Norte-Nordeste brasileiro. Cada espécie é acompanhada de comentários morfológicos, taxonômicos e ecológicos.<br>During the survey of liverworts from the "Serra dos Carajás", four species were identified as new occurrences for the Pará state: Frullania beyrichiana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb, Frullania kunzei (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb, Symphyogyna aspera Steph. and Lophocolea leptantha (Hook. & Tayl.) Tayl. This last species was reported only for the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, being a new occurrence for the brazilian North-Northeast axle. Each species is followed by morfological, taxonomic and ecological commentaries