Global Disease Burden Estimates of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Acute Respiratory Infection in Older Adults in 2015::A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Respiratory syncytial virus associated acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI)constitutes a substantial disease burden in older adults≥65 years. We aimed to identify all studies worldwide investigating the disease burden ofRSV-ARIin this population. We estimated thecommunityincidence, hospitalisationrate and in-hospital case fatality ratio (hCFR) of RSV-ARI in older adults stratified by industrialized anddeveloping regions, with data from a systematic review ofstudies published between January 1996 and April 2018, and from 8 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these rate estimates to population estimates for 2015, to calculate the global and regional burdenin older adults with RSV-ARIin community and in hospital duringthat year. We estimated thenumber ofin-hospital RSV-ARIdeaths by combining hCFR with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based studies. In 2015, there were about 1.5million(95% CI 0.3-6.9) episodes of RSV-ARIin older adults in41industrialised countries (data missing in developing countries), and of these 214,000 (~14.5%; 95% CI 100,000-459,000) were admitted to hospitals. The global number of hospital admissionsforRSV-ARI in older adults was estimated at 336,000 (UR 186,000-614,000).We further estimated about 14,000 (UR 5,000-50,000) in-hospital deaths related to RSV-ARIglobally.The hospital admission rate and hCFR were higher for those ≥65 years than those aged 50-64 years. The disease burden of RSV-ARIamong older adults is substantialwith limited data from developing countries; appropriate prevention and management strategiesare needed to reduce this burden

RePORT International: Advancing Tuberculosis Biomarker Research Through Global Collaboration

Progress in tuberculosis clinical research is hampered by a lack of reliable biomarkers that predict progression from latent to active tuberculosis, and subsequent cure, relapse, or failure. Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT) International represents a consortium of regional cohorts (RePORT India, RePORT Brazil, and RePORT Indonesia) that are linked through the implementation of a Common Protocol for data and specimen collection, and are poised to address this critical research need. Each RePORT network is designed to support local, in-country tuberculosis-specific data and specimen biorepositories, and associated research. Taken together, the expected results include greater global clinical research capacity in high-burden settings, and increased local access to quality data and specimens for members of each network and their domestic and international collaborators. Additional networks are expected to be added, helping to spur tuberculosis treatment and prevention research around the world

Systematic Evaluation of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children Under Five: The Pneumococcal Global Serotype Project

Hope Johnson and colleagues calculate the global and regional burden of serotype-specific pneumococcal disease in children under the age of five

Advances in basic and translational tuberculosis research: Proceedings of the first meeting of RePORT international

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-03-06T13:41:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Geadas C Advances in basic....pdf: 1736328 bytes, checksum: 8e9fcbd1a9f0eaa19286fe96ce5451ce (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-03-06T13:53:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Geadas C Advances in basic....pdf: 1736328 bytes, checksum: 8e9fcbd1a9f0eaa19286fe96ce5451ce (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T13:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Geadas C Advances in basic....pdf: 1736328 bytes, checksum: 8e9fcbd1a9f0eaa19286fe96ce5451ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (under Award Number U19AI111276), and by the Lifespan/Tufts/Brown Center for AIDS Research (Grant Number P30AI042853 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases).Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine. Department of Medicine. Section of Infectious Diseases. Boston, MA, USAHealth Studies Sector. Westat. Rockville, MD, USACenter for Infectious Disease Research., Seattle, WA, USAFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Unidade de Medicina Investigativa, Laborat orio Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunorregulação. Salvador, BA, BrasilNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Division of AIDS. Bethesda, MD, USADuke University School of Medicine. Scientific Affairs, Global Health, Population and Nutrition. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases. Durham, NC, USABoston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine. Department of Medicine. Section of Infectious Diseases. Boston, MA, USARePORT International is a collaborative research network of investigators from multiple countries and institutions with the goal of establishing a bio-repository of specimens and clinical data for the study of active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI). During the first meeting of RePORT International in Boston, Massachusetts, the results of research pertinent to TB control and eradication were presented, including advances in the research of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) persistence and drug resistance, TB diagnostics, drug and vaccine development

Prevalence and Associated Characteristics of HIV-Infected Children in Latin America Who Know Their HIV Status

We estimated the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disclosure in children from a prospective observational cohort study conducted at clinical sites in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. Fewer than half of the children in this study knew their HIV status, which highlights the need for better strategies for disclosure that are age and culturally appropriate.Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentEunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USAUniv Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Inst Med Trop Daniel Carrion, Lima, PeruUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Femina, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilWestat Corp, Rockville, MD USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilEKSNUCHHD: N01-HD-3-3345EKSNUCHHD: HHSN267200800001CEKSNUCHHD: HHSN275201300003CWeb of Scienc

Mother-to-Child transmission of HCV among HIV/HCV Co-infected women

BACKGROUND: Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection has been associated with increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We hypothesized that HCV/HIV-coinfected women with well-controlled HIV disease would not have increased HCV MTCT. METHODS: The NISDI Perinatal and LILAC cohorts enrolled HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants in Latin America and the Caribbean. This substudy evaluated the HCV infection status of mothers at participating sites and their live born, singleton infants who had a 6-month postnatal visit by December 31, 2008. Mothers who were anti-HCV-positive, or who had CD4 counts (cells/mm(3)) <200 with detectable HCV RNA, were considered HCV-infected. All HCV-infected women were tested for HCV RNA. Infants with HCV RNA were considered HCV-infected. RESULTS: Of 1042 enrolled women, 739 (71%) mother-infant pairs met the inclusion criteria. Of the 739 women, 67 (9%) were anti-HCV-positive and 672 anti-HCV-negative [68 (10%) with CD4 counts <200; of these, 3 (4.4%) were HCV RNA-positive]. Therefore, our study population comprised 70 HCV-infected (47 with HCV RNA) and 669 HCV-uninfected women (and their infants). Factors associated with maternal HCV infection included unemployment (odds ratio [OR] = 2.58); tobacco (OR = 1.73) or marijuana (OR = 3.88) use during pregnancy; enrollment HIV viral load ([VL] copies/mL) ≥10 000 (OR = 2.27); HIV clinical disease stage C (OR = 2.12); and abnormal alanine aminotransferase (OR = 4.24) or aspartate aminotransferase (OR = 11.98). Four of 47 infants (8.5%) born to HCV-viremic women were HCV-infected, and all 4 mothers had HIV VL <1000 at hospital discharge after delivery. CONCLUSIONS: HCV MTCT among HIV/HCV-coinfected women with well-controlled HIV disease may be lower than reported in other coinfected populations. Studies with longer infant follow-up are needed.Fil: Checa Cabot, Claudia A.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Stoszek, Sonia K.. Westat; Estados UnidosFil: Quarleri, Jorge Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Losso, Marcelo H.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Ivalo, Silvina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Peixoto, Mario F.. Hospital Femina. Vertical Transmission Prevention Unit; BrasilFil: Pilotto, José H.. Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu and Laboratorio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular; BrasilFil: Salomon, Horacio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Sidi, Leon C.. Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado; BrasilFil: Read, Jennifer. National Institutes of Health; Estados Unido

The NICHD International Site Development Initiative perinatal cohorts (2002-09)

NICHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, CRMC, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD USAUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilWESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USAUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Div Immunol, Dept Pediat, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilHosp Servidores Estado Saude, Serv Doencas Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHosp Conceicao, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Femina, Serv Infectol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Inst Med Trop Daniel Alcides Carr, Lima 14, PeruUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc