UV-LIGA Microfabrication of 0.3 THz Double Corrugated Waveguide

A microfabrication process has been developed by using ultraviolet photolithography (UV-LIGA) with multi-layer SU-8 photoresist to create high aspect ratio Slow Wave Structures (SWS) for millimeter waves and THz vacuum electron devices. The main steps of the process will be described, applied to the fabrication of a double corrugated waveguide at 300 GHz

Role of spinal cord glutamate transporter during normal sensory transmission and pathological pain states

Glutamate is a neurotransmitter critical for spinal excitatory synaptic transmission and for generation and maintenance of spinal states of pain hypersensitivity via activation of glutamate receptors. Understanding the regulation of synaptically and non-synaptically released glutamate associated with pathological pain is important in exploring novel molecular mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies of pathological pain. The glutamate transporter system is the primary mechanism for the inactivation of synaptically released glutamate and the maintenance of glutamate homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrated that spinal glutamate transporter inhibition relieved pathological pain, suggesting that the spinal glutamate transporter might serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of pathological pain. However, the exact function of glutamate transporter in pathological pain is not completely understood. This report will review the evidence for the role of the spinal glutamate transporter during normal sensory transmission and pathological pain conditions and discuss potential mechanisms by which spinal glutamate transporter is involved in pathological pain

Design of 71-76 GHz Double-Corrugated Waveguide Traveling-Wave Tube for Satellite Downlink

The growing interest in wireless high data rate communications at millimeter waves both for terrestrial networks and satellite communications is stimulating novel solutions to overcome the strong atmosphere attenuation. In particular, the development of high throughput satellite communication systems for internet distribution is fundamental to complement the terrestrial networks and to cover regions not connected to terrestrial backbones, such as sea or remote areas. Ku-band and Ka-band satellite systems are presently available. Recently, the W-band (71 -76 GHz, 81-86 GHz) has been allocated for multigigabit transmissions, providing 5 GHz bandwidth both for uplink and downlink. However, it has been estimated that for enabling high throughput W-band satellite communication systems, transmission power higher than 50 W is needed. In this paper, a 71-76 GHz double corrugated waveguide (DCW) traveling wave tube (TWT) is designed as amplifier for high-data rate satellite downlink, with about 70 W output power. The dispersion characteristic of the designed DCW is experimentally validated by cold test. The proposed TWT is also a test vehicle, scaled in frequency, for a future novel 220 GHz DCW TWT for terrestrial wireless networks

Low Cost Fabrication for W-band Slow Wave Structures for Wireless Communications Travelling Wave Tubes

The fabrication of slow wave structures for millimeter wave Traveling Wave Tubes (TWT) poses significant difficulties and requires high accuracy processes. The EU H2020 TWEETHER project proposes a Point to Multipoint (PmP) distribution wireless W-band (92 -95 GHz) system for backhaul for small cells in the future 5G scenario and fixed access, based on a folded waveguide W-band TWT. The cost of TWTs and feasible high volume production are key parameters for millimeter wave network front ends. This paper explores possible new approaches for reducing the fabrication cost of millimeter wave slow wave structures for TWTs based on the SU-8 casting and low cost CNC milling process

An important Norwegian contribution to the study of the bursae of the upper and lower extremities

We present a critical analysis of the monograph of A.S.D. Synnestvedt (1869) “En anatomisk beskrivelse af de paa over- og underestremiteterne forekommende Bursae mucosae”. The analysis was completed using anatomical information from the historically oldest publications dealing with the bursae of the extremities: Albinus (1734), Monro (1788), Rosenmüller (1799). We are of the opinion that Synnestvedt's publication is important, not only historically but also as a source of information for recent medical practitioners. Synnestvedt's monograph has a wealth of literary citations, unambiguous opinions of seasoned anatomists regarding the structure and function of the synovial membrane, and detailed descriptions of dissections he performed on fetal and adult cadavers. The information in this publication may enhance the diagnosis of bursopathies and enthesopathies of the extremities

Evidence for glutamate as the neurotransmitter of corticothalamic and corticorubral pathways

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24342/1/0000609.pd

Inhibition of vesicular glutamate storage and exocytotic release by Rose Bengal

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65725/1/j.1471-4159.2001.00200.x.pd

Accumulated glutamate levels in the synaptic vesicle are not maintained in the absence of active transport

We have investigated factors which may affect accumulated glutamate levels in synaptic vesicles and glutamate efflux. Agents which dissipate the electrochemical proton gradient resulted in a rapid reduction of steady-state vesicular glutamate levels, which was prevented by N-ethylmaleimide. Glutamate efflux was found to occur even in the presence of an electrochemical proton gradient, but was effectively inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. These results suggest that accumulated glutamate levels in synaptic vesicles are not maintained unless glutamate is taken up continuously by an active transport mechanism, and they could provide an explanation for the lack of convincing evidence for the enrichment of endogenous glutamate in isolated synaptic vesicles.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28680/1/0000497.pd