Article 6.21

Article 6.21 is a short documentary film that aims to examine the state of censorship around queerness in Russia today and its effects on personal lives in the queer community. Twenty years after Russia decriminalized homosexuality, on June 30th in 2013, President Vladimir Putin signed Article 6.21 for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values , also known as the Gay Propaganda Law . Its broad and ambiguous wording allows the government significant leeway in deciding what kind of public queerness is punishable. In 2020 Russia passed multiple constitutional amendments that affect many areas of Russia’s social and political landscape. The Family Code Amendment has lawfully defined “family” as a union between a man and a woman. It stigmatizes gay people and leads to an increase of and justification for homophobic violence. In the wake of recent violence and censorship, Article 6.21 brings together four subjects from the targeted community that won\u27t be silenced. The story unfolds through a series of virtual interviews that explore how the so called Gay Propaganda Law affects everyday life of queer people in Russia. What is the border between public and private? When visible queerness may be criminalized, is private transgression allowed? What tactics do Russian queers implement to resist censorship and maintain visibility? The subjects of the documentary address these questions as they reflect on their pasts and current struggles

Combined effect of Fe2+ ions and the meta-isomer of dihydric phenol on duckweed

The toxic effects of Fe2+ ions and resorcinol on Lemna minor in their joint presence in the aquatic environment were studied. The test response in the bioassay of solutions of Fe2+, resorcinol, and their mixtures was a violation of the permeability of duckweed membranes. This parameter was estimated from the change in the electrical conductivity of the aquatic medium in which the plant was placed, exposed to the toxicant in the acute experiment (30 min). It was found that the addition of both an equinormal concentration of Fe(II) (0.1n) and a five-fold deficiency (0.02n) to a 0.1n solution of resorcinol reduced the toxicity of resorcinol. Most likely, the effect obtained can be achieved by the formation of a new, less toxic compound (probably of a complex nature). The test used in the work, based on the assessment of the permeability of cell membranes under the action of toxicants, once again proved to be a promising tool for analyzing the combined toxicity of phenolic compounds and metal ions in relation to plant organisms

Three-component condencations of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles, methyl 3-(2-cycloamino-4-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-3- oxopropionoates, and a series of c1 synthons as a convenient approach to pyrimidin-5-yl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines

A convenient synthetic approach to polysubstituted dihydrogenated or heteroaromatic 1,2,4-triazolo- [1,5-a] pyrimidines derivatives containing at position 5 a 4-methylpyrimidine moiety bearing a cycloamino substituent at position 2 and linked to the triazolopyrimidine bicycle through its position 5 was developed. The approach involves unusual three-component condensations of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles, methyl 3-(2-R-4-methylpyrimidin- 5-yl)-3-oxopropionates, and a series of C1 synthons whose synthetic equivalents are a series of aromatic aldehydes, triethyl orthoformate, or DMFDMA were used as of C1 synthon

Combined effect of Fe

The toxic effects of Fe2+ ions and resorcinol on Lemna minor in their joint presence in the aquatic environment were studied. The test response in the bioassay of solutions of Fe2+, resorcinol, and their mixtures was a violation of the permeability of duckweed membranes. This parameter was estimated from the change in the electrical conductivity of the aquatic medium in which the plant was placed, exposed to the toxicant in the acute experiment (30 min). It was found that the addition of both an equinormal concentration of Fe(II) (0.1n) and a five-fold deficiency (0.02n) to a 0.1n solution of resorcinol reduced the toxicity of resorcinol. Most likely, the effect obtained can be achieved by the formation of a new, less toxic compound (probably of a complex nature). The test used in the work, based on the assessment of the permeability of cell membranes under the action of toxicants, once again proved to be a promising tool for analyzing the combined toxicity of phenolic compounds and metal ions in relation to plant organisms

Production and Emulsifying Effect of Esters on The Basis of Polyglycerol and Еpoxidized Derivatives of Sunflower and Soybean Oil

Oligo and polyesters of polyglycerol and polyricinoleic acid are widely used as emulsifiers in various industries. New promising emulsifiers for oil–water systems were obtained based on the condensation of glycerol and its oligomers with epoxidized derivatives of vegetable oils. The type of the resulting emulsion was studied. The influence of the composition of the emulsion and the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) of the emulsifier on the type of the resulting emulsions was investigated. It was shown that the synthesized emulsifiers significantly increase the viscosity of the emulsion. Complex structural and functional spectral analysis of synthesized substances showed that the main reactions leading to the formation of the desired products were the opening of epoxide cycles, the transesterification of esters, and the condensation of fatty-acid derivatives. This new combination of renewable raw materials is of undoubted interest for deeper chemical processing of vegetable oils. © 2018 AOC

Production and Emulsifying Effect of Polyglycerol and Fatty Acid Esters with Varying Degrees of Esterification

Esters with acyl groups can be formed by the esterification of polyglycerol. The purpose of the present study was to produce fatty acid esters [hexanoic (caproic), octanoic (caprylic), decanoic (capric), dodecanoic (lauric), tetradecanoic (myristic), hexadecanoic (palmitic), octadecanoic (stearic)] and polyglycerol (average number-of degrees of polymerization of 5) with varying degrees of esterification and to examine their emulsifying properties. A number of fundamental catalysts of polyglycerol acylation reactions by methyl esters of carboxylic acid were studied, and sodium methoxide was found to be the best choice. The temperature rate of transesterification increased from 180 to 220 °C with the fatty acid chain alkyl residue. Synthesized mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and heptaesters of various fatty acids and polyglycerol provided the highest hydroxyl values from 15 to 815 mg KOH g−1 and saponification values from 82 to 321 mg KOH g−1. The emulsifying properties were assessed for all polyglycerol and fatty acid esters, with results showing maximum emulsifying effect for tri- and tetraesters of capric, lauric, and caprylic acids. Regardless of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value (HLB) of polyglycerol esters and carboxylic acid, a 4:1 ratio of sunflower oil to water formed a water-in-oil type emulsion. When mixing oil and water in a 1:1 ratio, mono- and diesters of polyglycerol formed an oil-in-water type emulsion, heptaesters formed a water-in-oil type emulsion, and tri- and tetraesters formed both of types of emulsions, depending on the length of the acid hydrocarbon radicals. © 2016, AOCS

Synthesis and some reactions of 5-carbmethoxymethylidene-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-ylguanidine

Methyl (2Z)-[2[(diaminomethylene)amino]-4-oxothiazol-5(4H)-ylidene]acetate was obtained by the reaction of N-amidinothiourea and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) under various conditions: methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, dioxane, acetic acid, ethanol/TsOH. The structure of the product has been proven by X-ray diffraction analysis. A series of new N-(5-R-1,3,5-triazinan-2-ylidene)-N-1,3-thiazol-2-amines was obtained as a result of the multicomponent condensation of methyl (2Z)-[2[(diaminomethylene)amino]-4-oxothiazol-5(4H)-ylidene]acetate with alkylamines and formaldehyde. © AUTHOR(S)

Production and Emulsifying Effect of Polyglycerol and Fatty Acid Esters with Varying Degrees of Esterification

Esters with acyl groups can be formed by the esterification of polyglycerol. The purpose of the present study was to produce fatty acid esters [hexanoic (caproic), octanoic (caprylic), decanoic (capric), dodecanoic (lauric), tetradecanoic (myristic), hexadecanoic (palmitic), octadecanoic (stearic)] and polyglycerol (average number-of degrees of polymerization of 5) with varying degrees of esterification and to examine their emulsifying properties. A number of fundamental catalysts of polyglycerol acylation reactions by methyl esters of carboxylic acid were studied, and sodium methoxide was found to be the best choice. The temperature rate of transesterification increased from 180 to 220 °C with the fatty acid chain alkyl residue. Synthesized mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and heptaesters of various fatty acids and polyglycerol provided the highest hydroxyl values from 15 to 815 mg KOH g−1 and saponification values from 82 to 321 mg KOH g−1. The emulsifying properties were assessed for all polyglycerol and fatty acid esters, with results showing maximum emulsifying effect for tri- and tetraesters of capric, lauric, and caprylic acids. Regardless of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value (HLB) of polyglycerol esters and carboxylic acid, a 4:1 ratio of sunflower oil to water formed a water-in-oil type emulsion. When mixing oil and water in a 1:1 ratio, mono- and diesters of polyglycerol formed an oil-in-water type emulsion, heptaesters formed a water-in-oil type emulsion, and tri- and tetraesters formed both of types of emulsions, depending on the length of the acid hydrocarbon radicals. © 2016, AOCS

New Chemicals Suppressing SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Cell Culture

Candidates to being inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 were selected from the database of Voronezh State University using molecular modeling. The database contained approximately 19,000 compounds represented by more than 41,000 ligand conformers. These ligands were docked into Mpro using the SOL docking program. For one thousand ligands with best values of the SOL score, the protein–ligand binding enthalpy was calculated by the PM7 quantum-chemical method with the COSMO solvent model. Using the SOL score and the calculated protein–ligand binding enthalpies, eighteen compounds were selected for the experiments. Several of these inhibitors suppressed the replication of the coronavirus in cell culture, and we used the best three among them in the search for chemical analogs. Selection among analogs using the same procedure followed by experiments led to identification of seven inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture with EC50 values at the micromolar level. The identified inhibitors belong to three chemical classes. The three inhibitors, 4,4-dimethyldithioquinoline derivatives, inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cell culture just as effectively as the best published non-covalent inhibitors, and show low cytotoxicity. These results open up a possibility to develop antiviral drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus

An Efficient Synthesis of Novel 4-Aryl-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazin-6(2H)-ones and Their Antibacterial Activity

New substituted 4-aryl-8-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6H-pyrimido[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazin-6-one 8a–b and ethyl 4-aryl-6-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3,4,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-7-carboxylate 8c–e were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding 4-oxopyrimidin-2-ylthioureas with arylaldehydes. The formation of only one regioisomer was proven using complex spectral data and its structure was characterized. It was found that the interaction of 6-amino-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2(1H)-thione with ethyl acetoacetate and diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate leads to the formation of the same regioisomer. That is, changing the sequence of stages in this cascade process does not affect the structure of the final reaction product. All synthesized compounds exhibit antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus cultures at a concentration (MIC) of 256 µg/mL