THE EXISTENCE OF ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION IN CREDIT ANALYSIS OF THE COMMUNITY CREDIT BANK (CCB)

Asymmetric information in credit market existence arises when the bank is not able to identify borrower based on the probability of repayment. This situation can cause credit defaults. The high of nonperforming loan in CCB credit market refers to the high of credit defaults which indicate the existence of asymmetric information in CCB credit analysis. This research empirically identifies asymmetric information in CCB credit analysis which the objective is to analyze how the indicators of credit analysis can explain the quality of borrower credit collectability. The hypothesis of the research is the indicators of credit analysis cannot explain the quality of borrower credit collectability.Survey is conducted randomly to 36 of CCB in 6 provinces in Java Island that represent incorporate CCB which member of Indonesian CCB association. Unit analyses of the research are 2.268 borrower bundle credit accounts. Frequency and cross tabulation statistics are used to do descriptive analysis, since binary logistic regression is used todo the verification analysis. Test results showed that less than 20% variation of dependent variables can be explained by 26 independent variables in logistic regression model research. It is stated that the indicators of credit analysis that is used during BPR can only explain less than 20% the quality of borrower credit collectability being good or default. More than 80% variations in the quality of borrower credit collectability can not be precisely described by the indicators of credit analysis in the model. This indicates that the BPR is not able to identify the borrower based on the probability level of credit payments. Analysisof indicators of credit used by the BPR was not able to produce signals that can identify borrowers based on the probability level of credit payments. The results of this study stated that there are asymmetric information on credit analysis of BPR

Anordnung und Verfahren zur verzeichnungsfreien zweidimensionalen Ablenkung von räumlich ausgedehnten Intensitätsverteilungen

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung und ein Verfahren zur verzeichnungsfreien zweidimensionalen Ablenkung energetischer Strahlung, insbesondere von Laserstrahlung. Die Anordnung weist zwei Strahlablenkelemente auf, die um senkrecht zueinander stehende Rotationsachsen drehbar antreibbar sind. Eingekoppelte Strahlung wird mit einer ersten optischen Anordnung auf das erste Strahlablenkelement und mit einer zweiten optischen Anordnung über das erste Strahlablenkelement auf das zweite Strahlablenkelement abgebildet. Die beiden optischen Anordnungen sind dabei so dimensioniert, dass sie eine gemeinsame Eintrittspupille für die Strahlung aufweisen und Strahlanteile der eintretenden Strahlung, die sich unter unterschiedlichen Winkeln von einem Zentrum der Eintrittspupille ausbreiten, jeweils senkrecht zur ersten Rotationsachse auf das erste Ablenkelement und senkrecht zur zweiten Rotationsachse auf das zweite Ablenkelement treffen. Dies kann durch zwei bezüglich der optischen Achse um 90° zueinander gedrehte, zylindrische Relay-Teleskope erreicht werden. Mit der vorgeschlagenen Anordnung und dem zugehörigen Verfahren lassen sich räumlich ausgedehnte Intensitätsverteilungen verzeichnungsfrei in zwei Dimensionen ablenken

Laser-based production of carbon fibers

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics are excellent materials for applications in lightweight constructions in the automobile or aviation sectors due to their 2.5-fold higher specific strength compared to aluminum. However, the high manufacturing costs of carbon fibers are one of the main limiting factors for the exploration of new fields of applications. The precursor fibers mostly consist of polyacrylonitrile which is transformed into carbon fibers in furnace processes. Almost one half of the manufacturing costs can be assigned to the stabilization and carbonization of the carbonaceous precursor fibers. The furnace processes takes up to 2 h and produces high energy costs due to the needed temperatures of about 1500 degrees C. In this paper, a new laser-based manufacturing process for carbon fibers is presented. The process is developed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT) and shows potential for the implementation of a fabrication process with reduced energy and time costs compared to the conventional furnace based approach. Furthermore, the fiber stabilization can now be realized with higher heating rates. Thus, shorter stabilization times are potentially needed. The exothermal energy from the stabilization reaction can be extracted more efficiently via the cool ambient air which reduces the risk of thermal damage of the fibers tremendously. Furthermore, the excellent adjustability of the spatial and temporal energy deposition via laser allows an adaptive process control which has the potential to fabricate fibers with increased mechanical properties in shorter times. First investigations of the stabilization process indicate that a careful choice of the process parameters allows for inducing distinct temperature profiles in the fibers which influences the resulting carbon fiber structure. Furthermore, first investigations on laser-based carbonization show that the fabrication of fibers with tensile force of up to 8 cN is possible