761 research outputs found
Toward Neural Network Simulation of Variational Quantum Algorithms
Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) utilize a hybrid quantum-classical
architecture to recast problems of high-dimensional linear algebra as ones of
stochastic optimization. Despite the promise of leveraging near- to
intermediate-term quantum resources to accelerate this task, the computational
advantage of VQAs over wholly classical algorithms has not been firmly
established. For instance, while the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) has
been developed to approximate low-lying eigenmodes of high-dimensional sparse
linear operators, analogous classical optimization algorithms exist in the
variational Monte Carlo (VMC) literature, utilizing neural networks in place of
quantum circuits to represent quantum states. In this paper we ask if classical
stochastic optimization algorithms can be constructed paralleling other VQAs,
focusing on the example of the variational quantum linear solver (VQLS). We
find that such a construction can be applied to the VQLS, yielding a paradigm
that could theoretically extend to other VQAs of similar form.Comment: To appear at the workshop on AI for Science: Progress and Promises at
NeurIPS 202
Exploring Alternatives to Out-of-School Suspension in Kentucky: A quasi-experimental study examining the effectiveness of Community service work
This paper addresses the ineffective and often negative impacts that various forms of disciplinary measures have on students (e.g. out-of-school suspension, in-school suspension, and placement in alternative schools) then discusses community service as a viable alternative to these programs. Data from 17 middle and high schools in Kentucky that implemented community service in lieu of suspension are compared to data from 17 control schools to explore whether or not community service programs are effective in reducing school suspensions. The findings illustrate that community service programs are effective in reducing the amount of out-of-school suspensions in those schools that use community service programs. Therefore, the authors suggest that implementing community service works as a viable alternative to in-school or out-of-school suspensions has the potential to improve academic performance and conduct within public school settings
Prevalence of mental health disorders in adult minority ethnic populations in England: A systematic review
The aim of this project, commissioned by the Department of Health in England, was to undertake a systematic review of the survey literature that has estimated the prevalence
of mental health disorders among adults from minority ethnic groups in England. Findings about the estimated prevalence of different mental health disorders, and about
the extent and nature of the available survey evidence, are to be used to inform the design of a sampling strategy aimed at boosting the sample of people from minority ethnic groups in the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) due in 2021
Ketone monoester ingestion alters metabolism and simulated rugby performance in professional players:Ketones, metabolism and elite rugby performance
Large-scale network modelling of interactions between prefrontal cortex and dorsal raphe nucleus using SpiNNaker
Voluntary drinking behaviour, fluid balance and psychological affect when ingesting water or a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution during exercise
Depression, anxiety, pain and quality of life in people living with chronic hepatitis C: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives: Individuals infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can develop extrahepatic
conditions which may have a significant impact on life expectancy and quality of
life. We conducted a systematic review to assess the causal relationship between
HCV and extrahepatic conditions and the impact of HCV upon health-related
quality of life of people in the UK. /
Methods: HCV advocacy groups identified conditions that they thought most important to
research, and the perspectives of various stakeholders informed the scope of the
review. A comprehensive literature search of a range of electronic databases and
websites was undertaken. Screening, quality assessment and data extraction were
conducted using specialist software. The key criterion for inclusion in a synthesis
was a study’s testing of the association between HCV and either quality of life or
conditions specified as important by advocacy groups: depression, anxiety or
painful conditions. Other criteria relating to study populations, measures and
matching of study groups were also applied. Two reviewers assessed included
studies, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer where necessary. Studies
were assessed for methodological quality using standardised appraisal tools. Metaanalyses were performed. Based on the consistency and sufficiency of research
evidence, the findings were graded as strong, promising, tentative or inconclusive. /
Results: 71 studies were included in the review’s syntheses. All studies were judged to be at
a moderate or high risk of bias. Only two UK studies met our inclusion criteria. /
Quality of life: Evidence from 22 studies indicates that people with HCV have worse quality of life
than ‘general’ or ‘healthy’ populations; meta-analysis of nine studies indicated\ud
that the physical (PCS) and mental health (MCS) domains of quality of life on the
Health-Related Quality of Life Scale were both statistically and clinically worse
among HCV-infected people (PCS: MD 5.54, 95% CI 3.73-7.35, MCS: MD 3.81, 95% CI
1.97-5.64). Evidence from seven included studies suggests that people co-infected
with HCV and HIV have worse quality of life than individuals with HIV only; metaanalysis of five studies indicated that both the physical and mental health domains
of quality of life were significantly worse among people who were co-infected
(PCS: MD 2.57, 95% CI 1.08-4.06, MCS: MD 1.88, 95% CI 0.06-3.69). /
Depression and anxiety: Evidence from 22 studies indicates that depression and anxiety are more severe,
and depression is more common among people with HCV compared to those
without it. Meta-analysis of 12 studies identified the severity of depression in
people with HCV to be significantly greater than in those without HCV (Mean difference 0.98, 95% CI 0.43-1.53). Meta-analysis of nine studies identified the
severity of clinical anxiety to be significantly greater among people with HCV
(Mean difference 0.47, 95% CI 0.09-0.86). Meta-analysis of seven studies identified
participants with HCV to be approximately three times more likely to be depressed
compared to those without HCV (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.62-4.74). No statistically
significant evidence that anxiety is more common among people with HCV was
found. /
Pain: Evidence was appraised from 26 studies on painful conditions. A meta-analysis of
four studies indicates that people with HCV are 17% more likely to suffer from
arthralgia than those without HCV (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.31). A meta-analysis of
five studies suggested that people with HCV are significantly more likely to suffer
from fibromyalgia; key differences across the studies in terms of the health status
(co-morbidities) of HCV patients and comparison groups mean it is not possible to
quantify the increased risk attributable to HCV. Other studies, including those on
arthritis, were not amenable to meta-analysis. /
Conclusions: Evidence suggests an association between HCV infection and
depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, arthralgia and health-related quality of life.
However, the evidence was graded as ‘promising’ or ‘tentative’ rather than
‘strong’. More high-quality research on the association between HCV and these
conditions is needed
Polarization squeezing of intense pulses with a fiber Sagnac interferometer
We report on the generation of polarization squeezing of intense, short light
pulses using an asymmetric fiber Sagnac interferometer. The Kerr nonlinearity
of the fiber is exploited to produce independent amplitude squeezed pulses. The
polarization squeezing properties of spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed
and coherent states are discussed. The experimental results for a single
amplitude squeezed beam are compared to the case of two phase-matched,
spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed pulses. For the latter, noise variances
of -3.4dB below shot noise in the S0 and the S1 and of -2.8dB in the S2 Stokes
parameters were observed, which is comparable to the input squeezing magnitude.
Polarization squeezing, that is squeezing relative to a corresponding
polarization minimum uncertainty state, was generated in S1.Comment: v4: 2 small typos corrected v3: misc problems with Tex surmounted -
mysteriously missing text returned to results - vol# for Korolkova et al. PRA
v2: was a spelling change in author lis
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