98 research outputs found
Impact of Covid-19 on human resources in small and medium enterprises: the case of Macedonia
The current situation in the global environment caused by the impact of the Covid-19 virus indicates a number of problems faced by small and medium enterprises, caused by the consequences of the global health crisis and the pronounced changes related to human resources (firing employess, part-time work, non extension of the employment contract etc.) of the working age population.
It is an indisputable fact that SMEs are drivers of inclusive economic growth and drivers in creating productive and sustainable jobs
Management versus leadership in the modern world
Management and leadership are one of the most important factors for the efficiency and effectiveness of the overall business activities in the companies. Managers are planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, controlling. Leaders motivate people and help them in communication and cooperation with each other while working in teams, they innovate, create strategies and seek solutions in order to achieve certain goals. Effective management and leadership together with top quality skilled managers and leaders, will have positive impact for the success of the development companies in order to move forward in this modern world. Only with a proper understanding of management and leadership, the goals of the individual, the company and the social community as a whole will be achieved, because in that way an optimal modality can be found that will provide a competitive advantage to companies. Management and leadership seem to be very similar, but there are differences. The aim of this article is to determine the differences between them
ΠΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°: Π Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ± ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π± ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡ.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ, Π³ΡΠ±Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π» Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅.
ΠΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° 67 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ±Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ΅Π° ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅ΠΆ Π·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ.
ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π‘Π ΠΈ Π¦Π Π, Π° Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π° Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ. MR Π½Π° Π-Π‘ ΡΠ±Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π½Π°, Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° Π-1 ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ
Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π· Π½Π° ΠΠ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π»Π° Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ±Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΠΠ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π»Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ½. ΠΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π»Π΅Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅Π±Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π» Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π° Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°.
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡ Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ°, Π²ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ , ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈ.
KΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ : ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈ
Vena saphena magna in situ arterializacija gebstint kojΔ : atvejo apraΕ‘ymas
[full article and abstract in English]
Abstract. Critical lower limb ischemia in the absence of distal arterial circulation presents an urgent situation, which must be treated immediately if we want to save the foot or limb from amputation. The reduced arterial flow in these situations is not adequate to provide metabolic requirements of lower limb even in rest. According to Fountain these patients are classified in Class III or in Class IV. Approximately 14%β20% of patients with critical lower limb ischemia are unsuited for distal arterial reconstruction and face major distal amputation [1]. Distal venous arterialization is a unique procedure in which the venous bed is used as an alternative conduit for perfusion of peripheral tissues of lower limb. Patients with critical lower limb ischemia can be treated by arterialization of great saphenous vein.Case report. In the present article, we describe the first case of in situ arterialization of great saphenous vein performed inMacedoniain treatment of critical below-knee ischemia. Maintaining the great saphenous vein in situ allows the arterialization of the foot venous arch with one anastomosis without removing the vein of its original bed.Conclusion. Distal revascularization of the limb with critical ischemia, by creating a reverse flow with in situ saphenous vein arterialization must be seriously considered as an attempt for salvage of the foot or below-knee without distal arterial run-off.[straipsnis ir santrauka anglΕ³ kalba
Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π° Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΡΠ΅Ρ. Π‘ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π Π΅ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π³ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄-19 Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΏ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ. Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½eΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ, Π·Π±ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π°Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Policies and measures for recovery of small enterprises from Covid-19 pandemic
The current processes of global integration and the emergence of a health, economic and energy crisis
caused by the impact of the Covid-19 virus a period longer then two years have changed the entrepreneurial concept
of small business operations. The global crisis and the current situation in the environment have caused major
changes in the work ethic of all companies as well as in the work of entrepreneurs. Small enterprises are drivers of
the economic growth and creators of new and sustainable jobs.
The global health crisis has caused a number of problems for small businesses. Typically, small businesses are
associated with entrepreneurial initiative and are characterized by the ability to adapt to dynamic and specific operating conditions. Although the current pandemic working conditions are a challenge and an opportunity for
certain companies, most small businesses face significant problems at work such as reduced workload, reduced
income, problems with debt collection, employee health problems.
Many companies faced serious challenges and problems, from the physical closure of the company, or facing
significant problems such as adapting and introducing changes to work from home, problems with providing
appropriate IT technology, the disability of employees to work due to health reasons as well as the inability to
perform work from home due to the characteristics of the work process itself.
Introduced restrictions on social distancing and changes in demand in terms of structure and scope have led to the
closure of a number of small enterprises. All this forced the entrepreneurs to introduce significant changes in the
operation in order to quickly adapt the operation of the company to the changes in the environment.
The Covid crisis negatively affects the productivity and profits realized by small enterprises. That is why many
companies are achieving negative financial results. In these conditions, cooperation between state institutions and
enterprises is of great importance.
In order to adapt to the new situation and improve the work of small enterprises is the application of appropriate
policies and measures by the state which will help enterprises to more easily overcome the unplanned crisis
situation. Because small enterprises are characterized by specific characteristics, this paper will provide a theoretical overview of the measures adopted by the state. Therefore, the paper will provide a theoretical overview of the policies and measures adopted by the Government of RS Macedonia in order to recover and overcome the crisis.
Policies and measures by the state have proved necessary to overcome the crisis
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°
ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΠ·Π²ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ, Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π .Π‘. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ - Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎ Π .Π‘. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π· Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π³ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅
Gender equality - human right and basis for a prosperous and sustainable world
Gender equality policy is one of the fundamental principles of democracy and social order. Gender issues require significant attention in global politics, and feminism as a theory of international relations seeks to regulate the power that arises from the gender of the individual or on the basis of a denied nature. Achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women is an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and is the 5th of the 17 Goals adopted by world leaders in 2015.
In this regard, national parliaments play large and significant role in passing laws that regulate various areas and issues, including gender aspects.
The paper analyzes international and domestic acts that guarantee gender equality as a basic human right. In the framework of the paper, the authors will review the available information on the representation and role of women in Macedonian society, as well as the adopted legislative framework for gender equality and oneness, on the basis of which appropriate conclusions will be drawn
Crossroads Tourism: Policies for prosperity in the future
The world is facing an unprecedented global health, social and economic emergency with the Covid-19 pandemic, and the travel and tourism is among the most affected sectors with airplanes on the ground, hotels closed and travel restrictions put in place in virtually all countries around the world. The aim of this book is to analyze how the Covid-19 pandemic affected travel and tourism industry and how tourism disruption affected the economies of countries. This book will also present the implemented measures so far and possible strategies for recovery of tourism industry, strategies for sustainable development, also the future measures and scenarios by the states and international organizations. The book concludes that the crisis is also chance for multilateral cooperation, as well as opportunity to rethink the tourism sector towards a more sustainable, inclusive and resilient tourism in the near future
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