Efekti IL-17 na funkcionalnu aktivnost ćelija periferne krvi

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, while its specific receptor is ubiquitously distributed. The inflammatory capacity of IL-17 is based on its ability to stimulate a wide range of stromal cells to produce and release a number of proinflammatory mediators, some with a known impact on hematopoiesis particularly granulopoiesis. Recent data indicate a role for IL-17 in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, transplant rejection and tumor growth. The purpose of this study was to determine functional responses including the respiratory burst, nitric oxide (NO) production, adhesiveness and metabolical activity/viability of human peripheral blood leukocytes (total white blood cells, mononuclear cells and granulocytes) from healthy donors in the presence of recombinant human (rh)IL-17. The obtained results showed that rhIL-17 did not induce significant changes in the respiratory burst, NO production, and metabolical activity of each peripheral blood cell fraction the tested, while a slight increase in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulated adhesiveness of granulocytes and mononuclear cells was noted. The absence of significant changes in tested functional activities of various peripheral blood cells suggests that IL-17 does not express its proinflammatory ability in steady-state, since the requirement for its action really does not exist.Interleukin 17 (IL-17) je proinflamatorni citokin koga produkuju aktivirane CD4+ i CD8+ T ćelije, dok je njegov receptor ubikvitarno distribuiran. Inflamatorni kapacitet IL-17 se zasniva na njegovoj sposobnosti da stimuliše širok spektar stromalnih ćelija da produkuju i oslobađaju različite proinflamatorne medijatore, među kojima neki imaju efekte na hematopoezu posebno granulopoezu. Dosadašnji podaci ukazuju na ulogu IL-17 u patogenezi različitih inflamatornih bolesti, odbacivanju transplanta i razvoju tumora. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se odrede funkcionalni odgovori, uključujući respiratorni prasak, produkciju azot monoksida (NO), adhezivnost i metaboličku aktivnost/vijabilnost različitih ćelija periferne krvi (ukupnih leukocita, mononuklearnih ćelija i granulocita) zdravih donora, u prisustvu IL-17. Dobijeni rezultati su ukazali da IL-17 ne dovodi do značajnih promena respiratornog praska, produkcije NO i metaboličke aktivnosti ćelija periferne krvi, ali da uzrokuje blago povećanje forbol-12-miristat-13-acetat (PMA) stimulisane adhezivnosti granulocita i mononuklearnih ćelija. Odsustvo značajnih promena u ispitivanim funkcionalnim aktivnostima različitih ćelija periferne krvi, ukazuje da IL-17 ne eksprimira proinflamatorno dejstvo kod zdravih osoba, jer najverovatnije i ne postoji potreba za njegovim delovanjem

Effect of extended oral administration of eugenol on hematological and some biochemical blood parameters in rats

Ispitivano je moguće hematotoksično, hepatotoksično i nefrotoksičano dejstvo eugenola kod pacova posle dvonedeljne i četvoronedeljne kontinuirane p.o. primene. Ogled je izveden na 72 mužjaka pacova soja Wistar podeljenih u šest grupa. Četiri grupe tretirane su različitim dozama eugenola (10 mg/kg tm/dan, 50 mg/kg tm/dan, 200 mg/kg tm/dan i 400 mg/kg tm/dan). Peta, kontrolna grupa dobijala je vehikulum (0,5% metil-celuloza, 20% propilen-glikol i voda), a šesta je bila apsolutna, netretirana kontrola. Eugenol i vehikulum aplikovani su gastričnom sondom, svakodnevno tokom četiri nedelje u količini od 1 ml/100 g telesne mase pacova. Krv je uzorkovana kardijalnom punkcijom anestetisanih pacova 14. i 28. dana ogleda u cilju određivanja hematoloških i biohemijskih parametara krvi: hematokrit, broj eritrocita, leukocita i trombocita, leukocitna formula, koncentracija hemoglobina, MCV, MCH, koncentracija proteina, albumina, uree, kreatinina, kao i aktivnost alanin-aminotransferaze (ALT), alkalne fosfataze (ALP) i kreatin-kinaze (CK). Rezultati su pokazali da eugenol primenjivan tokom dve i četiri nedelje u dozama od 10, 50, 200 i 400 mg/kg tm/dan ne ispoljava hematotoksično, hepatotoksično niti nefrotoksično dejstvo. Eugenol davan tokom četiri nedelje ne utiče značajno na broj eritrocita, koncentraciju hemoglobina, hematokrit, zapreminu eritrocita, broj leukocita i leukocitnu formulu. Primenjivan tokom dve nedelje, prouzrokuje značajno povećanje mase hemoglobina po eritrocitu. Ovaj efekat je nespecifičan i ne zavisi niti doze, niti od dužine tretmana. Doze eugenola od 10 i 200 mg/kg/dan primenjivane tokom četiri nedelje prouzrokuju značajno smanjenje broja trombocita, dok najviša ispitivana doza (400 mg/kg/dan) prouzrokuje značajno povećanje, u poređenju sa brojem trombocita kod pacova tretiranih dozom od 10 i 200 mg/kg/dan. Promene broja trombocita izazvane eugenolom kvalitativno su različite i ne zavise od doze, niti od dužine tretmana. Eugenol primenjivan tokom dve i četiri nedelje ne utiče značajno na proteinemiju, albuminemiju, koncentraciju uree i kreatinina, kao i aktivnost ALP u serumu pacova. Tri ispitivane doze eugenola (10, 50 i 200 mg/kg/dan) značajno smanjuju, dok najviša doza povećava aktivnost ALT. Eugenol aplikovan tokom četiri nedelje u dozi od 200 i 400 mg/kg prouzrokuje statistički značajno smanjenje aktivnosti CK.The possible haematotoxic, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of eugenol in rats after two-week and the four-week continuous use were tested. The experiment was conducted on 72 male Wistar rats divided into six equal groups. Four were treated with different doses of eugenol (10 mg/kg bw/day, 50 mg/kg/d, 200 mg/kg bw/d and 400 mg/kg bw/d), the control group received the vehikulum (0.5% methyl cellulose, 20% propylene glycol and water), and the sixth group was the absolute, untreated control. Eugenol and the vehikulum were administered with a gastric probe, on a daily basis, for four weeks at a rate of 1 ml/100 g body weight of rats. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture of the anesthetised rats on days 14 and 28 in order to assess the haematological and biochemical blood parameters: haematocrit, red blood cell count, white blood cell and platelet counts, leukocyte formula, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, total protein concentration, albumin, urea, creatinine, and the activity of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK). The results showed that, having been applied for two and four weeks at doses of 10, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw/day, eugenol did not show any haematotoxic, hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects. Eugenol administered for four weeks does not significantly affect the number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, red blood cell volume, leukocyte count and leukocyte formula. Applied for two weeks it caused a significant increase in the mass of haemoglobin in erythrocytes. This effect is not specific and does not depend on the dose or the treatment duration. Eugenol in doses of 10 and 200 mg/kg/day applied for four weeks caused a significant reduction in the number of platelets, whilst the highest dose tested (400 mg/kg/day) caused a significant increase in comparison to the number of platelets in rats treated with 10 and 200 mg/kg/day. Changes in the number of platelets induced by eugenol qualitatively different and are not related to dose or length of treatment. Eugenol applied for two and four weeks does not significantly affect proteinaemia, albuminaemia, serum urea and creatinine concentrations, and serum ALP activity in rats. Three assessed doses of eugenol (10, 50 and 200 mg/kg/d) significantly decreased, whereas the highest dose increased the ALT activity. However, eugenol applied for four weeks at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg/d caused a statistically significant decrease in CK activity

STUDENTS’ INJURIES AT THE FACULTY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION - AN ANALYSIS OF TWO STUDY PROGRAMS

The aim of this research is to analyze the injuries of the students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, as well as to determine, if possible, if the increase in the number of injuries is caused by increased pressure, brought by a new study program, when doing exercises. The sample was composed of 207 participants, who attended the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, aged 23 years ± 6 months. The questionnaire was the main measuring instrument for the evaluation of injuries. The participants were asked to answer by circling options concerning the location of their injury, the classes during which the injury occurred, as well as the type of injury. All the gathered data have been represented numerically and in percentages, and used for further analysis. The analysis of the gathered results showed that there is a higher index of injury during practice with students who have studied according to the Undergraduate academic study program, and that there is a difference in the rate of injuries in certain classes between the two study programs. The results of this study show that an increase in the intensity of work and increase in the teaching hours led to higher risk of injury. Future research, dealing with similar topics, on the basis of this research may compare students’ injuries in both the old and new school system, which gives this study a special significance

Odnos između totalnog kapaciteta za vezivanje gvožđa i koncentracije transferina kod novorođene prasadi tretirane gvožđe-dekstranom

Serum iron concentration and iron saturation of transferrin (Trf) are measures of body iron stores after administration of iron supplements. In clinical and experimental research, the complex determination of Trf was replaced by the simple determination of total iron binding capacity (TIBC). The objective of this work was to define if TIBC could be an adequate measure for Trf in neonatal piglets after i.m. iron administration. Treated piglets received 150 mg of iron-dextran i.m. the first day of life, and were compared to the untreated control group. Prior to iron administration, as well as on days 2, 8 and 12 after iron administration, serum iron and TIBC concentration were analyzed by an automatized chemical analyzer and Trf was determined by densitometry of electrophoretic strips. Our results show that regardless of iron treatment, TIBC is not a measure of Trf concentration in neonatal piglets two days after birth. At day 8 of their life a high correlation coefficient of these two parameters was established in non-treated animals, while in iron-treated piglets the same correlation was established 12 days after iron treatment. Thus, we suggest that in neonatal piglets, TIBC could be used as a measure of Trf concentration only 12 days after i.m. iron treatment.Određivanje statusa gvožđa u organizmu jedinke posle primene određenog preparata ovog mikroelementa moguće je utvrditi određivanjem njegove koncentracije u serumu i zasićenja transferina (Trf) gvožđem. U kliničkoj i eksperimentalnoj praksi složeno određivanje koncentracije Trf zamenjeno je jednostavnim određ ivanjem ukupnog serumskog kapaciteta za vezivanje gvožđa (TIBC). Cilj ovog rada je bio da se na modelu porasta serumskog Fe po i.m. aplikaciji Fe-dextrana novorođenoj prasadi, utvrdi odnos TIBC i Trf po aplikaciji ovog mikroelementa, kako bi se utvrdilo da li visoke doze gvožđa u serumu utiču na vrednost TIBC kao mere za određivanje koncentracije Trf. Vrednosti za serumsko Fe, TIBC i Trf poređene su između grupe životinja koja je odmah po rođenju dobila 150 mg Fe-dextrana i kontrolne grupe u kojoj životoinje nisu tretirane Fe-dextranom. Krv je uzorkovana pre aplikacije Fe-dextrana, drugog, osmog i dvanaestog dana po aplikaciji preparata gvožđa. Koncentracija gvožđa u serumu i TIBC su određivani standarnim kliničkim biohemijskim analizama, dok je koncenracija Trf određena denzitometrijom elektroforetskih traka. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da bez obzira na primenu preparata Fe, TIBC nije adekvatna mera za Trf kod novorođene prasadi u prva tri dana po rođenju. Osmog dana života prasadi, utvrđen je visoki stepen korelacije ova dva parametra kod životinja koje nisu bile tretirane, dok je kod tretiranih jedinki taj stepen korelacije postignut dvanaestog dana. Na osnovu izloženih rezultata se može zaključiti da se kod novorođene prasadi TIBC može koristiti kao mera za Trf tek 12 dana nakon i.m. tretmana Fe-dextranom

UTICAJ PRODUŽENE PERORALNE PRIMENE EUGENOLA NA HEMATOLOŠKE I NEKE BIOHEMIJSKE PARAMETRE KRVI KOD PACOVA

Ispitivano je moguće hematotoksično, hepatotoksično i nefrotoksičano dejstvo eugenolakod pacova posle dvonedeljne i četvoronedeljne kontinuirane p.o. primene.Ogled je izveden na 72 mužjaka pacova soja Wistar podeljenih u šest grupa. Četirigrupe tretirane su različitim dozama eugenola (10 mg/kg tm/dan, 50 mg/kg tm/dan,200 mg/kg tm/dan i 400 mg/kg tm/dan). Peta, kontrolna grupa dobijala je vehikulum(0,5% metil-celuloza, 20% propilen-glikol i voda), a šesta je bila apsolutna, netretiranakontrola. Eugenol i vehikulum aplikovani su gastričnom sondom, svakodnevno tokomčetiri nedelje u količini od 1 ml/100 g telesne mase pacova. Krv je uzorkovanakardijalnom punkcijom anestetisanih pacova 14. i 28. dana ogleda u cilju određivanjahematoloških i biohemijskih parametara krvi: hematokrit, broj eritrocita, leukocita itrombocita, leukocitna formula, koncentracija hemoglobina, MCV, MCH, koncentracijaproteina, albumina, uree, kreatinina, kao i aktivnost alanin-aminotransferaze (ALT),alkalne fosfataze (ALP) i kreatin-kinaze (CK).Rezultati su pokazali da eugenol primenjivan tokom dve i četiri nedelje u dozamaod 10, 50, 200 i 400 mg/kg tm/dan ne ispoljava hematotoksično, hepatotoksično nitinefrotoksično dejstvo. Eugenol davan tokom četiri nedelje ne utiče značajno na brojeritrocita, koncentraciju hemoglobina, hematokrit, zapreminu eritrocita, brojleukocita i leukocitnu formulu. Primenjivan tokom dve nedelje, prouzrokuje značajnopovećanje mase hemoglobina po eritrocitu. Ovaj efekat je nespecifičan i ne zavisi nitidoze, niti od dužine tretmana. Doze eugenola od 10 i 200 mg/kg/dan primenjivanetokom četiri nedelje prouzrokuju značajno smanjenje broja trombocita, dok najvišaispitivana doza (400 mg/kg/dan) prouzrokuje značajno povećanje, u poređenju sabrojem trombocita kod pacova tretiranih dozom od 10 i 200 mg/kg/dan. Promenebroja trombocita izazvane eugenolom kvalitativno su različite i ne zavise od doze, nitiod dužine tretmana. Eugenol primenjivan tokom dve i četiri nedelje ne utiče značajnona proteinemiju, albuminemiju, koncentraciju uree i kreatinina, kao i aktivnost ALP userumu pacova.Tri ispitivane doze eugenola (10, 50 i 200 mg/kg/dan) značajno smanjuju, doknajviša doza povećava aktivnost ALT. Eugenol aplikovan tokom četiri nedelje u doziod 200 i 400 mg/kg prouzrokuje statistički značajno smanjenje aktivnosti CK

Uticaj eugenola na hematološke parametre kod pacova

Investigations covered the possible hematotoxic effect of eugenol in rats following two-week and four-week continuous p.o. application. An experiment was conducted on 72 maleWistar rats divided into six groups. Four groups were treated with different doses of eugenol (10 mg/kg bm/day, 50 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg bm/day), the control group was administered a vehiculum (0,5 % methylcellulose, 20 % propylene glycol and water), and the sixth group was the absolute untreated control. Eugenol and the vehiculum were administered using a gastric probe in a volume of 1 ml/100 g body mass of rat. Blood was sampled using cardiac puncture on days 14 and 28 of the experiment in order to determine hematological parameters (hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, MCV, haemoglobin concentration, MCH, number of leukocytes, leukocyte formula, and number of thrombocytes). The results have shown that eugenol administered over 14 and 28 days in doses of 10, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg bm/day has no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, administered over four weeks, it does not significantly affect the number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, erythrocyte volume, number of leukocytes, and the leukocyte formula. Applied over two weeks, eugenol causes a significant increase in the mass of haemoglobin per erythrocyte, in comparison with controls. This effect is non-specific and does not depend on the dose or on the duration of treatment. The eugenol doses of 10 and 200 mg/kg/day administered over a period of four weeks result in a statistically significant reduction in the number of thrombocytes in comparison with the absolute control, while the highest investigated dose (400 mg/kg) causes a significant increase in comparison with the numbers for rats treated with a dose of 10 and 200 mg/kg/day. The changes in thrombocyte number caused by eugenol are qualitatively different and depend neither on the dose nor on the duration of treatment. Eugenol applied over two or four weeks does not exhibit a significant influence on the number of lymphocytes, monocytes or granulocytes.Ispitivan je mogući hematotoksični efekat eugenola kod pacova posle dvonedeljne i četvoronedeljne kontinuirane p.o. primene. Ogled je izveden na 72 mužjaka pacova soja vistar podeljenih u šest grupa. Četiri grupe tretirane su različitim dozama eugenola (10 mg/kg tm/dan, 50 mg/kg/dan, 200 mg/kg/dan i 400 mg/kg tm/dan), peta kontrolna grupa dobijala je vehikulum (0,5 % metil-celuloza, 20 % propilen-glikol i voda), a šesta je bila netretirana, apsolutno kontrolna. Eugenol i vehikulum aplikovani su gastričnom sondom u volumenu od 1 ml/100 g telesne mase pacova. Krv je uzorkovana kardijalnom punkcijom 14. i 28. dana ogleda u cilju određivanja hematoloških parametara (hematokrit, broj eritrocita, prosečna vrednost zapremine eritrocita (MCV), koncentracija hemoglobina, prosečna vrednost koncentracije hemoglobina (MCH), broj leukocita, leukocitna formula i broj trombocita). Rezultati su pokazali da eugenol primenjivan 14 i 28 dana u dozama od 10, 50, 200 i 400 mg/kg tm/dan nema hemolitičku aktivnost. Takođe, primenjivan tokom četiri nedelje ne utiče značajno na broj eritrocita, koncentraciju hemoglobina, hematokrit, zapreminu eritrocita, broj leukocita i leukocitnu formulu. Eugenol primenjivan tokom dve nedelje prouzrokuje značajno povećanje mase hemoglobina po eritrocitu u odnosu na kontrolu. Ovaj efekat je nespecifičan i ne zavisi od doze, ni od dužine tretmana. Doze eugenola od 10 i 200 mg/kg/dan primenjivane tokom četiri nedelje prouzrokuju statistički značajno smanjenje broja trombocita u odnosu na apsolutno kontrolnu grupu, dok najviša ispitivana doza (400 mg/kg) izaziva značajno povećanje broja trombocita u poređenju sa dozama od 10 i 200 mg/kg/dan. Promene broja trombocita izazvane eugenolom kvalitativno su različite i ne zavise niti od doze niti od dužine tretmana. Eugenol primenjivan tokom dve i četiri nedelje ne ispoljava značajan uticaj na broj limfocita, monocita i granulocita

STATE NUTRITION THE YOUNGER ELEMENTARY SCHOOLCHILDREN

The obesty is a state characterized by pathological accumulation of fat tissue in the body, and nutritional disorders are associated with the high risk of numerous health problems since earliest childhood. The obesty has been increasing and it has now reached the proportion of an epidemic with the tendency of growth in the number of fat people. Such a negative trend directly influences the reduction of the functional and motorical abilities of the entire population. The research purpose to examine state nutrition the younger elementary schoolchildren and to see if there are deviations between the age groups. In the reasearching were included 313 tested divaidedin four groups. All tested were a regular pupils of the first and second grade of elementary school. In the resarching there were include the bouth the poles of pupils and the conditiones for testing were optimal. On the basis of anthropometric measurement of the body weight and height, body mass index (BMI) values were calculated. And if is index of body mass is possible to find a lot of critrcizm, where is the most important that is not support constructive specific of the one man, but it gave information with results is possible standardation and clasification. The differences have been established through multivariant analysis of MANOVA variance, single variant univariant analysis of ANOVA variance and Discriminative analyses

THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM ON PUPILS MORPHOLOGICAL CARACTERISTICS

The purpose of this research is to determine how much is experimental programme, which was conducted duriing one school year, influenting the morphological caracteristics. The applied experimental program was composed of athletics exercises, sports games, exercises on the pieces of equipment and on the floor, rhythmics and dancing exercises and some additional exercises. 13 metrical instruments were used for evaluation of morphological caracteristics of schoolboys and schoolgirls. Research was conducted on 106 first-grade pupils of the elementary school, age of 7 years ± 6 months. Basic statistic parametars were calculated by processing of data during initial and final measuring. Final data processing included only the examinees that participated at initial and final measurement. Multivariant and univariant analisys of variance for repeated measures (MANOVA and ANOVA – repeated measures) were applied for determination of eventual differences between initial and final measuring. Based on retrieved results it could be concluded that experimental programme has a positive influence on changes of some morphological caracteristics. The results of this paper can be used by PE teachers giving them the information on adequate planning and programming of the classes

THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM ON PUPILS FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES

The purpose of this research is to determine how much is the specially suggested experimental program of physical education, with increased demands and application of additional exercises, influenting the functional abbilities. The applied experimental program was composed of athletics exercises, sports games, exercises on the pieces of equipment and on the floor, rhythmics and dancing exercises. Six metrical instruments were used for evaluation of functional abbilities of schoolboys and schoolgirls. The experimental program was carried out on the sample of 106 first-grade pupils of the elementary school, age of 7 years ± 6 months. Basic statistic parametars were calculated by processing of data during initial and final measuring. Final data processing included only the examinees that participated at initial and final measurement. Multivariant and univariant analisys of variance for repeated measures (MANOVA and ANOVA – repeated measures) were applied for determination of eventual differences between initial and final measuring. Based on retrieved results it could be concluded that specially programed performance of physical education had a significant influence on changing the most functional abbilities of pupils