Georgeta Stoica, La Communauté et l’étranger entre la pêche et le tourisme. Le cas du village de Hezra (delta du Danube, Roumanie)

Cette thèse se propose de montrer, dans une perspective critique, les pratiques, les représentations et les rhétoriques d’un village roumain du delta du Danube, Hezra, focalisant l’attention sur les stratégies des acteurs dans une “arène” ayant pour enjeu central l’utilisation des ressources naturelles. Ces stratégies s’inscrivent dans un processus plus vaste de transformation qui affecte l’ensemble de la zone à partir des pratiques et des politiques de protection de l’environnement qui sont ..

L’antropologo e i progetti interdisciplinari: Che tipo di collaborazione?

In this paper I discuss the role of the anthropologist within an interdisciplinary project Best Combat (Beluga Sturgeon Community Based Tourism) whose scope was to bring together experts from different countries with the aim of studying the impact of the sturgeon fishing ban on the communities of the Danube Delta (Romania). My reflections are related to the considerations that emerged during my collaboration with the Best Combat researchers and after the end of the project in an attempt to continue the interdisciplinary collaboration in search for European funding to start a new project.In this paper I discuss the role of the anthropologist within an interdisciplinary project Best Combat (Beluga Sturgeon Community Based Tourism) whose scope was to bring together experts from different countries with the aim of studying the impact of the sturgeon fishing ban on the communities of the Danube Delta (Romania). My reflections are related to the considerations that emerged during my collaboration with the Best Combat researchers and after the end of the project in an attempt to continue the interdisciplinary collaboration in search for European funding to start a new project

Microencapsulation of Red Grape Juice by Freeze Drying and Application in Jelly Formulation

Svrha je ovoga rada bila proizvesti nove prehrambene proizvode obogaćene bioaktivnim sastojcima iz koncentriranog soka od crvenog grožđa, mikroinkapsuliranog pomoću sušenja zamrzavanjem u otopini izolata proteina sirutke i kitozana. Dobiven je prah s učinkovitošću enkapsulacije od (86,1±4,0) %, masenih udjela antocijana (izraženih kao ekvivalenti cijanidin-3-O-glukozida) od (1,4±0,2) mg/g, ukupnih polifenola (izraženih kao ekvivalenti galne kiseline) od (3,3±0,6) mg/g i flavonoida (izraženih kao ekvivalenti katehina) od (1,6±0,5) mg/g. Konfokalnom laserskom mikroskopijom otkriveno je da su flavonoidni pigmenti bili umotani u matriks, dok su antocijani tvorili velike i kompaktne nakupine. Mikroinkapsulirani prah je zatim upotrijebljen za proizvodnju želea. Novi prehrambeni proizvodi imali su zadovoljavajući maseni udjel antocijana, i to od (0,03±0,01) do (0,12±0,02) mg/g, dok se udjel flavonoida nije bitno promijenio. Svi želei su imali znatnu antioksidacijsku aktivnost. Rezultati ispitivanja probavljivosti in vitro potvrdili su je da tijekom simulirane probave došlo do polaganog otpuštanja antocijana iz hrane u želucu, a zatim znatnog otpuštanja bioaktivnih sastojaka u crijevima. Dodatak mikroinkapsuliranog praha znatno je smanjio tvrdoću, kohezivnost i elastičnost želea, što je dovelo do destabilizacije strukture gela i smanjenja privlačnih sila između komponenata matriksa. Sensorska analiza pokazala je da su panelisti preferirali uzorak želea pripremljen od grožđanog soka.The aim of this work is to obtain new food products enriched with bioactive compounds from concentrated grape juice microencapsulated by freeze drying using a whey protein isolate- chitosan system. The obtained powder showed an encapsulation efficiency of (86.1±4.0) %, with an anthocyanin mass fraction (expressed as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent) of (1.4±0.2) mg/g, while the total polyphenolic (expressed as gallic acid equivalents) and flavonoid (expressed as catechin equivalents) mass fractions were (3.3±0.6) and (1.6±0.5) mg/g, respectively. The confocal laser microscopy revealed the presence of the flavonoid pigments wrapped inside the matrix, whereas the anthocyanins were grouped into large and compact clusters. The microencapsulated powder was used for jelly formulation. The new food formulations have a satisfactory anthocyanin mass fraction ranging from (0.03±0.01) to (0.12±0.02) mg/g, while no significant differences were observed in flavonoid content. All the value-added jelly showed appreciable antioxidant activity. The in vitro digestibility results confirm a slow release of anthocyanins from the food matrices during simulated gastric digestion and a significant release of the bioactive compounds into the gut. The addition of microencapsulated powder caused a significant decrease in firmness, cohesiveness and springiness, leading to the destabilization of the gel structure, while reducing the attraction forces between the matrix components. The sensorial analysis indicated that the panellists preferred the sample with grape juice the most

Impact of the Use of a Teaching Toolbox in an Awareness Campaign on Children's Representations of Coral Reefs

Environmental education for children is one of the fundamental tools required to reverse the degradation of our environment and the biodiversity erosion. Currently coral reefs are part of the vulnerable ecosystems which are most threatened by human activities and climate change. Responding to these pressures demands decisions at multiple scales, based on solid knowledge of coral reefs but also on strengthened awareness to build adaptive management solutions. Here we evaluate the impact of an environmental awareness campaign for children using a teaching toolbox developed by scientists (MARECO “The Coral Reef In Our Hands”). To assess this impact before and after using the toolbox, we analyzed the evolution of children's representations of coral reefs through drawings. This study was carried out in New Caledonia, focusing on five elementary schools in different social and cultural contexts (urban, rural and coastal). Two hundred and forty-eight drawings were made by children. The drawings were analyzed quantitatively using multivariate statistical analyses which reveals a diversity of representations in children with diverse sociocultural profiles, but also between schools, emphasizing that relationships with nature and marine environment vary according to direct and indirect experiences related to reefs. Furthermore, our results pointed out relevant differences in coral reef representations before and after the use of MARECO, particularly regarding their knowledge of reef biodiversity associated with multicolored organisms and the connection of coral reef with environment, the number of colors being used as a proxy of this holistic vision developed by children. These results point out the performance of MARECO as a playful tool to transfer scientific knowledge to children. Coral reef conservation is intimately linked to an awareness in young generations of the environmental challenges of tomorrow. To be agents of change in a sustainable world, children must be engaged in a fun, rigorous, action-oriented and socially responsible learning process such as the ones developed in participatory approaches

Traditional fishing tools

In this paper I present the traditional fishing tools used in the area of the Danube Delta. More precisely, I speak about the village of Sfantu Gheorghe, a traditional fishing village, where the fishing activity has been the main activity along the years and where, lately, there have been major changes due to the decrease of the fish species

La communauté et l'étranger entre la pêche et le tourisme Le cas du village de Hezra (Delta du Danube - Roumanie)

The aim of the present research is that of showing, in a critical perspective, the practices, the representations and the rhetoric of a Danube Delta village, Hezra (Romania), that develops as part of a broader process of transformation that affects the whole area, focusing on the participants' strategies in an "arena" which has at its core the use of natural resources. The village, situated in an area of the Danube Delta recognized as a Biosphere Reserve in 1990, has seen rapid transformations of the rules governing the use of the environment and had to face with the arrival of new subjects (businessmen, traders) armed with economic and cultural capitals that they use to their advantage. Once a fishing village, Hezra witnesses today a substantial decline of the fishing activity, mainly due to the ban of sturgeon fishing for a ten year period, motivated by reasons of species protection. The practices and policies of environmental protection are an integral part of various projects of social and economical development of the area and are being realized and acted by different participants, using the gap of knowledge and power within local populations and between them and the outside world. In addition, following the construction of a tourist resort, situated at the periphery of the village, the old fishing village is facing a rapid development of tourism, which, promoted in the beginning, by an external businessman, with the passing years, it has become the main economic resource of the villagers, particularly for the women, integrating slowly with the trade of fishing. It is an economic conversion not free from effects on social relations and on the relations between the sexes and on the forms and living. This work follows two analytical lines linked between them: the first regarding the changes that are developing inside the community, and the second takes into account the relationship of the community with the "strangers", trying to show how the "stranger" is an ambiguous figure and in the mean time he is subject and object of manipulation.La thèse se propose de montrer, dans une perspective critique, les pratiques, les représentations et les rhétoriques d'un village roumain du Delta du Danube, Hezra. Celles-ci s'inscrivent dans un processus plus vaste de transformations qui affecte l'ensemble de la zone, focalisant l'attention sur les stratégies des acteurs dans une " arène " ayant pour enjeu central l'utilisation des ressources naturelles. Situé dans un secteur ayant, depuis 1990, le statut de Réserve de la Biosphère, le village a connu une rapide transformation des normes qui régissent l'exploitation de l'environnement. Ce faisant, il a été confronté à l'arrivée de nouveaux acteurs (entrepreneurs, commerçants) avec un fort capital économique et culturel qu'ils ont utilisé à leur avantage. Autrefois, village de pêcheurs, Hezra témoigne aujourd'hui du déclin considérable de l'activité de peche. Ce déclin fait suite principalement à l'interdiction pour dix ans de la peche à l'esturgeon, dans le cadre de la protection de l'espèce. Les pratiques et les politiques de protection de l'environnement sont intégrées à divers projets de développement social et économique du territoire. Elles sont élaborées et mises en place par des acteurs qui utilisent l'écart de savoirs et de pouvoirs au sein de populations locales et entre celles-ci et l'extérieur. De plus, suite à la construction d'un complexe touristique à coté du village traditionnel, ce dernier doit faire face à un développement rapide du tourisme. Bien que promu, au début, par un entrepreneur extérieur, l'activité touristique a été développée au fil du temps par les habitants, en particulier les femmes, qui en ont fait la principale ressource économique du village, tout en composant avec la peche. Cela a représenté une reconversion économique qui n'est pas sans effets sur les relations sociales, les relations entre les sexes et les formes de vivre et d'habiter. Deux fils conducteurs structurent ce travail : d'un coté, les modifications émergeant au sein de la communauté et de l'autre, les rapports de celle-ci avec les étrangers, ou, en somme, comment l'étranger est caractérisé sur un mode ambigu, étant soit sujet soit objet de la manipulations

Mayotte, terre d’immigration ?

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