Student’s management – educational activity orientation for supporting and student’s consciousness

The importance of investigation the students’ management comes from the effect they generate through graduation (known as „image wearerâ€) on prestige, aptness and quality of the university. The evaluation of the viewpoint of the students from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca on main activities, educational activities and other information in regards of students’ management was conducted. A survey was used in collecting data. The results allowed investigation of students view points on the main aspects of students’ management and provided information for academic managers for orientation of educational activity towards knowledge assimilation and professional development.educational activity, students management, student’s supporting and consciouness.

The Effect of the Internationalization of the Markets in the European Union Through the Added Value

In this study, an analysis was made of added value from each EU27 economy as a result of the internationalization of the markets, starting from the activity fields in the economy that contribute to obtaining the added value. Thus, a ranking of the countries according to the size of the added value was obtained, an analysis of the changes in activity level in 2017 compared to 2010 and a comparative analysis of the value-added structure between the EU27 and Romania. Finally, a classification of the countries was obtained according to the added value generated by each person employed, at the level of 2017 and it was observed that this indicator shows us the efficiency with which each country manages to value the processes and activities, so that the difference between what produce and what it consumes be high as possible

Sensitivity of indicators used in cost-volume-profit analysis

The need for cost-volume-profit analysis (CVP) starts from the need to optimize and manage costs due to unforeseen events that accompany economic activity in all areas. In this paper, the dependency relationship between the three cost-volume-profit indicators was analyzed to highlight the need to permanently track and optimize these variables so that managers' decisions can be supported by adaptive analyzes to concrete needs. The study also includes a sensitivity analysis that has shown that the magnitude and meaning of changes occurring when changes occur to one or more variables may be different due to direct and inverse relationships that are established between these variables

Comparative analysis for estimating production costs

The analysis of the cost of production is a complex problem, being very useful in the planning and control process as well as in production and sales. In this study, this was done using three methods: accounting analysis, high-low and regression analysis that allowed cost elements to be identified through a cost equation that can be used in planning and control analysis or in sales activity. At the same time, the evolution of the cost elements was achieved using two estimates used by the accounting method. The High-Low method allowed the determination of the minimum and maximum activity level at one year's level, which was then analyzed through the company's available activity range. The multivariate regression analysis determined the analysis of the obtained model, being linear, thus establishing the production line

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON BUSINESSES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

<p><strong>Purpose</strong> – This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of businesses and the turnover generated by them.</p><p><strong>Methodology/approach</strong> - In order to carry out the study, the existing data were processed and following the processing, relative values of the indicators were obtained: number of enterprises, turnover and average turnover per enterprise, which were later compared with the year 2018, considered the reference year.</p><p><strong>Findings</strong> – Following the analysis, it was found that there are both increases and decreases in the mentioned indicators, and the size of the turnover is not always directly influenced by the number of companies.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications</strong> – The limitations were given by the existence of different economic conditions both before and during the pandemic at the country level which contributed to the changes that occurred and which cannot be measured and respectively quantified with certainty. </p><p><strong>Practical implications</strong> – The study allowed obtaining a result recorded by the companies in industry and construction, and the results can be used in further research.</p><p><strong>Originality/value</strong> – The study carried out provides information on the evolution of the countries during this period as a result of the comparative analysis between the years studied.</p&gt

Sustainable Development—A Path to a Better Future

The need for sustainable development is a common concern for many countries, and the level reached by each country validates the efforts made and the effects of their associated well-being. In this study, an analysis of the indicators included in SDG-9 was performed, indicators that aim to achieve sustainable industrialization, increase research and innovation, and create a resilient infrastructure. The analysis used nine indicators that measure the situation of eight Eastern European countries during 2013–2019 to signal improvements or deteriorations in situations. The study used three working hypotheses that were verified and presented the evolution of countries in the aforementioned years. The results obtained led to the ranking of the countries by evaluating their economies from the perspective of the effects obtained by the method of sustainable development, thus categorizing the countries into ones with real, moderate, and low progress

Wzór produktywności energetycznej i produktu krajowego brutto wśród krajów europejskich

The first part of the study performs a comparative analysis over a period of 5 years between countries grouped by regions and regions through the energy intensity indicator using the data available in the Eurostat database. A statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc analysis using the Tukey test, and the three indicators surveyed (energy productivity, energy intensity of the economy, gross domestic product at market prices) allowed comparisons between countries. Thus, groups that differ in average have been highlighted. Using the Tukey test, all comparisons were made between the analyzed countries, taking two in two of each region, for each indicator, allowing the determination of homogeneous groups by checking the null hypothesis.W artykule przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą odnoszącą się do okresu 5 lat między krajami pogrupowanymi według regionów oraz regionów pogrupowanych za pomocą wskaźnika intensywności energii, korzystając z danych dostępnych w bazie Eurostatu. Analizę statystyczną przeprowadzono za pomocą jednokierunkowej analizy wariancji ANOVA i analizy post-hoc przy użyciu testu Tukeya, a trzy analizowane wskaźniki (wydajność energetyczna, energochłonność gospodarki, produkt krajowy brutto po cenach rynkowych) umożliwiły dokonanie właściwych porównań pomiędzy wybranymi krajami. Wyróżniono grupy, które różnią się średnią. Korzystając z testu Tukeya, dokonano wszystkich porównań między analizowanymi krajami, biorąc po dwa z każdego regionu, dla każdego wskaźnika, umożliwiając określenie homogenicznych grup poprzez sprawdzenie hipotezy zerowej

THE EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON EUROPEAN ECONOMIES

<p><strong>Purpose</strong> – The study aimed to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the evolution of macroeconomic indicators: Gross Domestic Product, Gross Value Added, Final Consumption Expenditures and Net Export in the years 2018-2021.</p><p><strong>Methodology/approach</strong> - To carry out the study, the existing data in the Eurostat database were processed, obtaining the weight of each country at the level of each indicator, the average value at the level of each year and finally the differences between years.</p><p><strong>Findings</strong> – Following the comparative analysis, it was observed that the effect caused by the COVID-19 pandemic determined in some countries the increase but also the decrease at the level of the indicators.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications</strong> – The paper analyzes the existing data without being able to associate the value differences with the anterior socio-economic conditions or to efforts of economic agents or governments by the pandemic period. </p><p><strong>Practical implications</strong> – The paper allows tracking the changes at the level of each indicator and country, which determines an overview of the situation in the economies of the countries studied.</p><p><strong>Originality/value</strong> – The analysis carried out compares the results obtained by the economies of several countries, which faced an unprecedented situation and which, according to the observed effects, managed differently.</p&gt