Manacled to Identity: Cosmopolitanism, Class, and ‘The Culture Concept’ in Stephen Crane

This article begins with a close reading of Stephen Crane’s short story ‘Manacled’ from 1900, which situates this rarely considered short work within the context of contemporary debates about realism. I then proceed to argue that many of the debates raised by the tale have an afterlife in our own era of American literary studies, which has frequently focused on questions of ‘identity’ and ‘culture’ in its reading of realism and naturalism to the exclusion of the importance of cosmopolitan discourses of diffusion and exchange across national borders. I then offer a brief reading of Crane’s novel George’s Mother, which follows Walter Benn Michaels in suggesting that the recent critical attention paid to particularities of cultural difference in American studies have come to conflate ideas of class and social position with ideas of culture in ways that have ultimately obscured the presence of genuine historical inequalities in US society. In order to challenge this critical commonplace, I situate Crane’s work within a history of transatlantic cosmopolitanism associated with the ideas of Franz Boas and Matthew Arnold to demonstrate the ways in which Crane’s narratives sought out an experience of the universal within their treatments of the particular

Book Reviews

TO SECURE THESE RIGHTS The Report of the President\u27s Committee on Civil Rights with An Introduction by Charles S. Wilson, Committee Chairman. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947. Pp. xii, 178. $1.00.. ====================== ROSCOE POUND By Paul Sayre Iowa City: College of Law Committee State University of Iowa, 1948. Pp. 412.$4.50. ====================== A NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY By Eugene V. Rostow New Haven: Yale University Press, 1948. Pp. XVI, 173. $2.50. ===================== THE TRADE OF NATIONS By Michael A. Heilperin New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1947. Pp. xix, 234.$3.00. ==================== AMERICA\u27S ECONOMIC SUPREMACY By Brooks Adams New York: Harper & Brothers, Inc., 1947. Pp. 194. $2.50

Inhibition of Dihydrotestosterone Synthesis in Prostate Cancer by Combined Frontdoor and Backdoor Pathway Blockade

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is palliative and prostate cancer (CaP) recurs as lethal castration-recurrent/resistant CaP (CRPC). One mechanism that provides CaP resistance to ADT is primary backdoor androgen metabolism, which uses up to four 3α-oxidoreductases to convert 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (DIOL) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The goal was to determine whether inhibition of 3α-oxidoreductase activity decreased conversion of DIOL to DHT. Protein sequence analysis showed that the four 3α-oxidoreductases have identical catalytic amino acid residues. Mass spectrometry data showed combined treatment using catalytically inactive 3α-oxidoreductase mutants and the 5α-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride, decreased DHT levels in CaP cells better than dutasteride alone. Combined blockade of frontdoor and backdoor pathways of DHT synthesis provides a therapeutic strategy to inhibit CRPC development and growth

Sonic boom and drag evaluation of supersonic jet concepts

This paper evaluates three different class supersonic airliners (Concorde, Cranfield E-5, and NASA QueSST X-plane) in a multidisciplinary design analysis optimization (MDAO) environment in terms of their sonic boom intensities and aerodynamic performance. The aerodynamic analysis and sonic boom prediction methods are key to this research. The panel method PANAIR is integrated to perform automated aerodynamic analysis. The drag coefficient is corrected by the Harris wave drag formula and form factor method. For sonic boom prediction, the near-field pressure is predicted through the Whitham F-function method. The F-function is decomposed to the F-function due to volume and the F-function due to lift to see their individual effect on sonic boom. The near-field signature propagates in a stratified windy atmosphere using the waveform parameter method. The aerodynamic results are compared with experimental data and the sonic boom prediction results are validated by the NASA PCBoom program. Through the evaluation, we find a direct link between the wave drag and the first derivative of the volume distribution. The sonic boom intensity is influenced by the lift distribution and the volume change rate. The study helps to study the feasibility of low-boom and low-drag supersonic airliners

Fungal Origins of the Bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane Ring System of Prenylated Indole Alkaloids

Over eight different families of natural products, consisting of nearly seventy secondary metabolites, which contain the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system, have been isolated from various Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Malbranchea species. Since 1968, these secondary metabolites have been the focus of numerous biogenetic, synthetic, taxonomic, and biological studies, and, as such, have made a lasting impact across multiple scientific disciplines. This review covers the isolation, biosynthesis, and biological activity of these unique secondary metabolites containing the bridging bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system. Furthermore, the diverse fungal origin of these natural products is closely examined and, in many cases, updated to reflect the currently accepted fungal taxonomy

Collaboration and knowledge exchange between scholars in Britain and the empire, 1830–1914

In recent years there has been a growing interest among historians in the British Empire as a space of knowledge production and circulation. Much of this work assumes that scholarly cooperation and collaboration between individuals and institutions within the Empire had the effect (and often also the aim) of strengthening both imperial ties and the idea of empire. This chapter argues, however, that many examples of scholarly travel, exchange, and collaboration were undertaken with very different goals in mind. In particular, it highlights the continuing importance of an ideal of scientific internationalism, which stressed the benefits of scholarship for the whole of humanity and prioritized the needs and goals of individual academic and scientific disciplines. As the chapter shows, some scholars even went on to develop nuanced critiques of the imperial project while using the very structures of empire to further their own individual, disciplinary and institutional goals