Japanese International Students' Attitudes toward Acquaintance Rape

This study looked at the influence of an Asian sociocultural variable, loss of face or social integrity, as a predictor of perceptions of acquaintance rape among Japanese students. In addition to the expected associations between gender, sexism, and perceptions of rape, loss of face was predicted to interact with the perpetrator's reference group such that an aggression-enhancing reference group would reduce, and an aggression-inhibiting reference group would heighten perceptions of rape in a given scenario. Surveys were distributed to Japanese students in linguistics classes and Japanese student associations at various Midwestern universities. The results support gender differences in attitudes toward women and attitudes toward rape victims. The loss of face by reference group interaction was not a significant predictor of the participants' own victim blaming or attitudes toward rape victims, but it was a significant predictor of perception of perpetrator blame in the expected direction. Examining cultural factors may provide insight into developing preventive measures against acquaintance rape and appropriate orientations for Japanese international students. (Contains 3 tables and 10 references.) (JDM

Situating Sexual Harassment in the Broader Context of Interpersonal Violence: Research, Theory, and Policy Implications

Although sexual harassment has been discussed as a form of interpersonal violence, little research has systematically examined both the empirical and theoretical links between sexual harassment and interpersonal violence. We review survey research data that establishes sexual harassment as a form of revictimization from earlier instances of interpersonal violence, such as child sexual abuse and intimate partner violence as well as ways that sexual harassment and interpersonal violence can mutually co‐occur, such as from dissolved workplace romances or as an escalation from one form of violence to another. Bronfrenbrenner's and Grauerholz's ecological frameworks for understanding interpersonal violence and revictimization from several levels of analysis are invoked to understand the many ways that sexual harassment and interpersonal violence are linked. We further discuss organizational theories of sexual harassment and Routine Activities Theory as frameworks for guiding research in these areas. The review pays particular attention to surveys of multiple forms of sexual victimization, including sexual harassment, documented by the U.S. Military as well as the Military's efforts to comprehensively address these problems

The Need for Tobacco Education: Studies of Collegiate Dental Hygiene Patients and Faculty.

The need for inclusion of comprehensive tobacco control education/training for health care providers continues to be stressed in publications addressing cessation services. The dental appointment presents an excellent opportunity to provide tobacco interventions to basically healthy people on regular intervals. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to assess the need (stage of change and concomitant need for tobacco cessation intervention) of dental hygiene patients at a Midwest dental hygiene clinic, and 2) to assess and compare the level of tobacco intervention education currently being offered by dental hygiene educators in a Midwestern state. Patients (n=426) of a collegiate dental health clinic completed a survey that assessed the level and type of tobacco cessation intervention patients might require. A statewide sample of dental hygiene faculty (n=97) were surveyed to determine the attitudes, perceived barriers, and current practices in tobacco education offered in their programs. Of patients who currently smoked (34.5 percent), 24.7 percent indicated being in the Action stage of change; 14.2 percent were in Preparation; 22.2 percent were in Contemplation; and 29 percent were in Precontemplation. Although faculty indicated tobacco education was very important (5.03 on 1–6 scale), they felt only moderately confident delivering tobacco education (3.18 on a 1–5 scale). Only 16 percent to 35 percent of faculty reported that their curriculum included brief motivational interviewing, pharmacotherapies, or setting‐up a private practice tobacco control program. The results strongly suggest the need for a comprehensive, competency‐based tobacco curriculum to enhance and expand existing dental hygiene programs

Evaluation of a Comprehensive Tobacco Cessation Curriculum for Dental Hygiene Programs

Dental health care providers continue to offer inconsistent and limited tobacco use cessation (TUC) interventions even though smoking‐related morbidity and mortality continue to be a substantial health concern. Our purpose was to conduct a comprehensive, three‐year (2003–06) TUC curriculum evaluation that included assessment of existing TUC education offered; dental hygiene educators’ readiness to incorporate TUC education into the curriculum; and development of a pre‐test/post‐test assessment instrument and faculty development program. This curriculum study was carried out alongside a research study to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer‐reviewed tobacco curriculum (Tobacco Free! Curriculum). Faculty members (baseline n=97; third‐year n=42) from the twelve dental hygiene associate degree programs in Illinois participated in the study, which included a pre‐treatment survey, six hours of on‐site TUC curriculum training, and a post‐treatment survey to determine the attitudes, perceived barriers, and current practices in tobacco education. Results showed an average increase of eighty‐five minutes spent on tobacco education in the dental hygiene curriculum, a large positive increase in the percentage of faculty members who formally assessed the use of 5As and 5Rs (21 percent to 88 percent), and a dramatic increase (+100) in the percentage of faculty members who taught or included most of the thirteen TUC content areas following the introduction of the curriculum and training program

TOI-1130: A photodynamical analysis of a hot Jupiter in resonance with an inner low-mass planet

The TOI-1130 is a known planetary system around a K-dwarf consisting of a gas giant planet, TOI-1130 c on an 8.4-day orbit that is accompanied by an inner Neptune-sized planet, TOI-1130 b, with an orbital period of 4.1 days. We collected precise radial velocity (RV) measurements of TOI-1130 with the HARPS and PFS spectrographs as part of our ongoing RV follow-up program. We performed a photodynamical modeling of the HARPS and PFS RVs, along with transit photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the TESS Follow-up Observing Program (TFOP). We determined the planet masses and radii of TOI-1130 b and TOI-1130 c to be Mb = 19.28 \ub1 0.97M⊕ and Rb = 3.56 \ub1 0.13 R⊕, and Mc = 325.59 \ub1 5.59M⊕ and Rc = 13.32-1.41+1.55 R⊕, respectively. We have spectroscopically confirmed the existence of TOI-1130 b, which had previously only been validated. We find that the two planets have orbits with small eccentricities in a 2:1 resonant configuration. This is the first known system with a hot Jupiter and an inner lower mass planet locked in a mean-motion resonance. TOI-1130 belongs to the small, yet growing population of hot Jupiters with an inner low-mass planet that poses a challenge to the pathway scenario for hot Jupiter formation. We also detected a linear RV trend that is possibly due to the presence of an outer massive companion

Porn, pride and pessimism: experiences of women working in professional construction roles

This qualitative study contributes to knowledge about the strategies women use to establish their presence in professional roles in the highly gendered construction sector.The article focuses on construction site culture that is hierarchical and 'laddish' with sexual harassment an entrenched feature of life on site.Women find this threatening but are unable to challenge it, because being part of the 'building team' requires their silence. These negative experiences contrast with the pride expressed in their socially useful work bringing both aesthetic and technical satisfaction. Modernization of the industry that one participant framed as 'dragging it out of the dark ages' was seen as a priority.The two most pressing issues are the long-hours culture and the conflict-ridden nature of the sector. A feminist interpretive lens is used to draw out the continuing problems women face in the industry and concludes that the prospects for change to cultural practices remain bleak