Patagonia’s diverse but homogeneous early paleocene forests: Angiosperm leaves from the Danian Salamanca and Peñas Coloradas formations, San Jorge Basin, Chubut, Argentina

Early Paleocene macrofloras from the Southern Hemisphere are little known, despite their significance for understanding plant evolution, biogeography, and global variation in recovery after the end-Cretaceous extinction. As a foundation for systematic and paleoecological work, we describe 51 angiosperm leaf morphotypes from three distinct, precisely dated early to late Danian time intervals, using collections from the Salamanca and Peñas Coloradas formations in the San Jorge Basin, Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina. These rich floras were previously analyzed but with minimal descriptions. The assemblages comprise the first stratigraphically controlled and quantitatively collected floras for the early Paleocene of the Southern Hemisphere. Botanical affinities of the angiosperm morphotypes are not formally assigned here, but we informally associate some of them with families including Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Cunoniaceae, Lauraceae, Nothofagaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rosaceae; in addition, leaves of Menispermaceae and other Rhamnaceae were formally described in previous work. Other families potentially present in these assemblages include Akaniaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Araceae, Bixaceae, Juglandaceae, Malvaceae, Sapindaceae, and Urticaceae. Remarkably, there is little floral turnover or change in dominance through the Danian floral sequence spanned by the studied localities, even among estuarine vs. continental depositional environments. This finding indicates a homogeneous, generalist, long-lived floral association following the K-Pg extinction, similar in these respects to many North American Danian floras. However, the richness of the Danian Patagonian floras, from paleolatitudes >50 degrees South, along with other lines of evidence from the region, suggests differences in the response of terrestrial ecosystems in southern South America to the terminal Cretaceous event from those of the Northern Hemisphere. The flora appears to be largely paleo-endemic in nature and shows several compositional links to the Eocene floras of Patagonia, emphasizing the importance of diversification within Patagonia after the end-Cretaceous event as a factor leading to the hyperdiverse Eocene regional floras.Fil: Iglesias, Ari. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Wilf, Peter. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Stiles, Elena. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Wilf, Rebecca. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unido

Behavioral and fMRI Measures of Crossmodal Plasticity Induced by Auditory Sensory Substitution

Thirty nine million people are blind worldwide. Sensory Substitution (SS) attempts to aid the blind by translating images into sound and thereby restoring visual function. Previous studies have found that training on SS generates crossmodal neural changes allowing for activation in early visual regions in response to SS sounds. Unfortunately, training on auditory sensory substitution to become proficient at basic visual tasks takes 1 week to 3 months and even then is slow, inaccurate, and attention-intensive. In this thesis it was studied if SS interpretation could be performed by entirely naive users automatically, and if the crossmodal plasticity engendered through training could be engaged automatically. In contrast to the top-down SS interpretation, we have found that SS interpretation can be effortless and automatic in entirely naive individuals when crossmodally intuitive stimuli that contain crossmodal mappings are used. Crossmodal mappings are pre-existing associations in all individuals of images and sounds that were found to be used for entirely naive interpretation of SS. This result indicates that SS could potentially be made more useful to the blind with appropriate training and translation algorithms. We also studied if the crossmodal plasticity generated by SS training can also be activated automatically in trained blind and sighted device users. We found that crossmodal plasticity engendered through a week of training could be triggered automatically by SS stimuli. This indicates that crossmodal plasticity does not require an attention-intensive task be used and therefore is not entirely top-down cognitive. It might be possible to tap into this automatic processing in visual cortex of SS stimuli to make SS interpretation less effortful and more perceptual following the appropriate training. Overall, this thesis attempts to use SS to understand crossmodal neural processing and plasticity, and to through this broadened knowledge restore some visual function to the entirely blind

Propranolol treatment of infantile hemangioma endothelial cells: A molecular analysis

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are non-malignant, largely cutaneous vascular tumors affecting approximately 5–10% of children to varying degrees. During the first year of life, these tumors are strongly proliferative, reaching an average size ranging from 2 to 20 cm. These lesions subsequently stabilize, undergo a spontaneous slow involution and are fully regressed by 5 to 10 years of age. Systemic treatment of infants with the non-selective β-adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in reducing the size and appearance of IHs. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is largely unknown. In this study, we sought to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of β blocker treatment in IHs. Our data reveal that propranolol treatment of IH endothelial cells, as well as a panel of normal primary endothelial cells, blocks endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and formation of the actin cytoskeleton coincident with alterations in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), p38 and cofilin signaling. Moreover, propranolol induces major alterations in the protein levels of key cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and modulates global gene expression patterns with a particular affect on genes involved in lipid/sterol metabolism, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis and ubiquitination. Interestingly, the effects of propranolol were endothelial cell-type independent, affecting the properties of IH endothelial cells at similar levels to that observed in neonatal dermal microvascular and coronary artery endothelial cells. This data suggests that while propranolol markedly inhibits hemangioma and normal endothelial cell function, its lack of endothelial cell specificity hints that the efficacy of this drug in the treatment of IHs may be more complex than simply blockage of endothelial function as previously believed

Adenosine receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.2

Adenosine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Adenosine Receptors [110]) are activated by the endogenous ligand adenosine (potentially inosine also at A3 receptors). Crystal structures for the antagonist-bound [153, 313, 221, 61], agonist-bound [375, 203, 204] and G protein-bound A2A adenosine receptors [49] have been described. The structures of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor [128] and an adenosine-bound A1 receptor-Gi complex [86] have been resolved by cryo-electronmicroscopy. Another structure of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor obtained with X-ray crystallography has also been reported [57]. caffeine is a nonselective antagonist for adenosine receptors, while istradefylline, a selective A2A receptor antagonist, is on the market for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Adenosine receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Adenosine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Adenosine Receptors [103]) are activated by the endogenous ligand adenosine (potentially inosine also at A3 receptors). Crystal structures for the antagonist-bound [146, 305, 213, 55], agonist-bound [362, 196, 198] and G protein-bound A2A adenosine receptors [43] have been described. The structures of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor [123] and an adenosine-bound A1 receptor-Gi complex [80] have been resolved by cryo-electronmicroscopy. Another structure of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor obtained with X-ray crystallography has also been reported [51]

The Grizzly, January 29, 2004

Myrin Library is Hit with Catastrophe • Myrin Library Water Damage: Photo Essay • Kerry Led in Iowa Caucuses • Opinions: Ursinus Greeks vs. Pop Culture; Farewell to E-Follett; Winter Weathered Out • Iowa Caucus Results • New Theater Production Sure to be a Hit! • Ursinus College Leadership Studies Program • Students Meet with Wynton Marsalis • A Prime Example of a Team Leader • UC Wrestling Recognizedhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1551/thumbnail.jp

Adenosine receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Adenosine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Adenosine Receptors [112]) are activated by the endogenous ligand adenosine (potentially inosine also at A3 receptors). Crystal structures for the antagonist-bound [155, 316, 224, 62], agonist-bound [379, 205, 206] and G protein-bound A2A adenosine receptors [49] have been described. The structures of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor [130] and an adenosine-bound A1 receptor-Gi complex [87] have been resolved by cryo-electronmicroscopy. Another structure of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor obtained with X-ray crystallography has also been reported [58]. The structure of the A2B receptor has also been elucidated [57]. caffeine is a nonselective antagonist for adenosine receptors, while istradefylline, a selective A2A receptor antagonist, is on the market for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Prevalence of Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

Despite well-established clinical associations between Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), the precise prevalence is unknown. We therefore evaluated for hEDS in 91 POTS participants using the 2017 hEDS diagnostic checklist, which has three major criteria: 1) generalized joint hypermobility (Beighton score), 2) systemic features, family history, and 3) absence of exclusion criteria. Overall, 28 out of 91 POTS participants (31%) met clinical criteria for hEDS. An additional 24% of participants had generalized joint hypermobility without meeting hEDS criteria. Identifying the prevalence of hEDS in POTS is important for understanding possible mechanisms connecting these two syndromes

The Grizzly, October 16, 2003

Feeling Drained for a Good Cause: Omega Chi Blood Drive • CAB Laugh-off Left Students Rolling in the Aisles • UC in the City Program Announces Easier Access to Philly • Political Pagemakers: Democratic Candidates for President • California Recall Circus has its Star • Club Spotlight: Forensics • Opinions: UC in the City: An Attempt to Fight the Boredom; California Recall Election Democracy at its Best; Video Games as Government Training Tools; Flu Season is Near; Legal BAC Should Still be Lower; Myrin Library: Use It • On the Verge Review: Memorable • Believe it or Not: A Tree in the End Zone • Meet Dr. Zwerling • Job Fair Success • 2003 Homecoming Court • Women\u27s Rugby: A Tough and Spirited Group of Ladies • Field Hockey Team Remains Undefeated in Conference • Men\u27s Soccer Continues to Face Tough Losses • Volleyball 2-3 in Conference Play • Sue Hadfield Named Head Swimming Coachhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1545/thumbnail.jp