Leadership in transformation between local embeddedness and global challenges

Based on empirical studies in Romania, Estonia, Germany, and Austria within the GLOBE project, the authors try to answer the question of cultural embeddedness of leadership patterns in an environment of more and more globalised management. Special emphasis is put on the match/mismatch of the observed styles of leadership behaviour of CEO`s with regional and global expectations, on the differences and similarities between the examined countries, the influence of transformational settings in the CEE countries, and the prospective changes due to a new generation of managers.Auf der Basis empirischer Studien in Rumänien, Estland, Deutschland und Österreich im Rahmen des GLOBE - Projektes, gehen die Autoren der Frage nach der kulturellen Einbindung von Führungsmustern unter Bedingungen eines zunehmend globalisierten Managements nach. Im Zentrum stehen dabei der Vergleich der beobachteten Führungsstilmuster von Geschäftsführern mit den regionalen und globalen Erwartungen der Nachgeordneten, die Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den untersuchten Ländern, der Einfluss der Transformationsbedingungen in den MOE-Staaten sowie die erwarteten Veränderungen durch einen Generationswechsel im Management

Wissenskonversion und Behandlungsfehler im Krankenhaus

Rund jeder tausendste Krankenhauspatient stirbt aufgrund vermeidbarer unerwünschter Ereignisse. Empirische Studien zeigen Zusammenhänge zwischen der Sicherheitskultur in Krankenhäusern und der Fehlerhäufigkeit. Die bisherige Forschung weist allerdings Theoriedefizite auf. Unter Heranziehung des Konzeptes der Wissenskonversion nach Nonaka und Takeuchi (1995) wird versucht, einen theoretischen Bezugsrahmen für das Lernen aus Fehlern zu erarbeiten. Auf empirischer Basis wird eine Skala entwickelt, die unterschiedliche Profile der Wissenskonversion im Umgang mit Fehlern misst. Anhand einer 420 Probanden umfassenden Stichprobe aus 11 Abteilungen von sieben Krankenhäusern gelingt der Nachweis, dass eine lernende Sicherheitskultur die Fehlerhäufigkeit zu reduzieren imstande ist. Zudem zeigt sich, dass dem Prozess der Internalisierung der höchste Stellenwert zukommt.Approximately one in every thousand hospital patients dies because of preventable adverse events. Empirical findings show that safety culture is essential for improving the quality of health care. However, the research so far has theoretical deficits. Using Nonaka and Takeuchi's (1995) concept of knowledge conversion, our paper develops a theoretical and empirical framework to show how people can learn from mistakes. On the basis of results of 420 probands from 11 departments in seven hospitals it was possible to prove that a learning safety culture does indeed reduce the frequency of errors. In addition, it reveals that the process of internalisation contributes most to this reduction

Attitude is everything? The impact of workload, safety climate, and safety tools on medical errors: A study of intensive care units

Background: Hospitals face an increasing pressure towards efficiency and cost reduction while ensuring patient safety. This warrants a closer examination of the trade-off between production and protection posited in the literature for a high-risk hospital setting (intensive care). Purposes: Based on extant literature and concepts on both safety management and organizational/safety culture, this study investigates to which extent production pressure (i.e., increased staff workload and capacity utilization) and safety culture (consisting of safety climate among staff and safety tools implemented by management) influence the occurrence of medical errors and if/how safety climate and safety tools interact. Methodology / Approach: A prospective, observational, 48-hour cross-sectional study was conducted in 57 intensive care units. The dependent variable is the incidence of errors affecting those 378 patients treated throughout the entire observation period. Capacity utilization and workload were measured by indicators such as unit occupancy, nurse-/physician-to-patient ratios, levels of care, or NEMS scores. The safety tools considered include Critical Incidence Reporting Systems, audits, training, mission statements, SOPs/checklists and the use of barcodes. Safety climate was assessed using a psychometrically validated four-dimensional questionnaire. Linear regression was employed to identify the effects of the predictor variables on error rate, as well as interaction effects between safety tools and safety climate. Findings: Higher workload has a detrimental effect on safety while safety climate - unlike the examined safety tools - has a virtually equal opposite effect. Correlations between safety tools and safety climate as well as their interaction effects on error rate are mostly nonsignificant. Practice Implications: Increased workload and capacity utilization increase the occurrence of medical error; an effect that can be offset by a positive safety climate but not by formally implemented safety procedures and policies

Attitude is everything? The impact of workload, safety climate, and safety tools on medical errors: A study of intensive care units

Background: Hospitals face an increasing pressure towards efficiency and cost reduction while ensuring patient safety. This warrants a closer examination of the trade-off between production and protection posited in the literature for a high-risk hospital setting (intensive care). Purposes: Based on extant literature and concepts on both safety management and organizational/safety culture, this study investigates to which extent production pressure (i.e., increased staff workload and capacity utilization) and safety culture (consisting of safety climate among staff and safety tools implemented by management) influence the occurrence of medical errors and if/how safety climate and safety tools interact. Methodology / Approach: A prospective, observational, 48-hour cross-sectional study was conducted in 57 intensive care units. The dependent variable is the incidence of errors affecting those 378 patients treated throughout the entire observation period. Capacity utilization and workload were measured by indicators such as unit occupancy, nurse-/physician-to-patient ratios, levels of care, or NEMS scores. The safety tools considered include Critical Incidence Reporting Systems, audits, training, mission statements, SOPs/checklists and the use of barcodes. Safety climate was assessed using a psychometrically validated four-dimensional questionnaire. Linear regression was employed to identify the effects of the predictor variables on error rate, as well as interaction effects between safety tools and safety climate. Findings: Higher workload has a detrimental effect on safety while safety climate - unlike the examined safety tools - has a virtually equal opposite effect. Correlations between safety tools and safety climate as well as their interaction effects on error rate are mostly nonsignificant. Practice Implications: Increased workload and capacity utilization increase the occurrence of medical error; an effect that can be offset by a positive safety climate but not by formally implemented safety procedures and policies

Cultural and leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top management: A GLOBE study of 15 countries.

This paper examines cultural and leadership variables associated with corporate social responsibility values that managers apply to their decision-making. In this longitudinal study, we analyze data from 561 firms located in 15 countries on five continents to illustrate how the cultural dimensions of institutional collectivism and power distance predict social responsibility values on the part of top management team members. CEO visionary leadership and integrity were also uniquely predictive of such values. Journal of International Business Studies (2006) 37, 823–837. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400230

Positiones selectae LLL. exhibentes conspectum systematicum iuris canonici

quas a P. Io. Gualberto Steyrer ... praelectas propugnabunt RR. FF. Mauritius Ribbele, & Trudpertus Neugart eiusdem ordinis & congregationis professi ...Disp. Kloster St. Blasien, 176

Organizational commitment--A missing link between leadership behavior and organizational performance?

This paper investigates the effect of executive leadership behaviors on the organizational commitment (OC) of subordinate managers and the influence of the latter on measures of company performance. Based on pertinent research and the main leadership dimensions identified in the GLOBE project, we formulate hypotheses concerning the relationship between perceived leadership behaviors and subordinates' OC, as well as the assumption that this organizational commitment is beneficial to performance ratings on a corporate level. Data stem from a sample of 78 companies from the Germanic cultural area. Our results suggest that desirable leadership behavior is positively related to subordinates' OC, and that OC contributes to company performance, even when analyzed in conjunction with crucial contextual variables.GLOBE Leadership Charisma Organizational commitment Organizational performance

Integrierte Versorgung: Aktuelle Ansätze und ihre Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit

aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ausgangspunkt; Grundlagen der Integrierten Versorgung; Konzeptionelle Ansätze der Integrierten Versorgung; Integrierte Versorgung in Deutschland; Integrierte Versorgung und Effizienz; Das Management von Integrierten Versorgungssystemen; Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen

Integrierte Versorgung: Aktuelle Ansätze und ihre Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit ; Endbericht ; Studie im Auftrag der VAMED AG

aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ausgangspunkt; Grundlagen der Integrierten Versorgung; Konzeptionelle Ansätze der Integrierten Versorgung; Integrierte Versorgung in Deutschland; Integrierte Versorgung und Effizienz; Das Management von Integrierten Versorgungssystemen; Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen