The SLIM (Social learning for the integrated management and sustainable use of water at catchment scale) Final Report

Background: SLIM stands for 'Socuak Learning for the Integrated Management and Sustainable Use of Water at Catchment Scale'. It is a multi-country research project funded by the European Commission (DG RESEARCH - 5th Framework Programme for research and technological development, 1998-2002). Its main theme is the investigation of the socio-economic aspects of the sustainable use of water. Within this theme, its main focus of interest lies in understanding the application of social learning as a conceptual framework, an operational principle, a policy instrument and a process of systemic change

Species of Ganoderma and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden Herbaria

This contribution to the knowledge of the Aphyllophorales is dedicated to Dr. M. A. Donk as a tribute to his life-long endeavour to put the systematics and the taxonomy of this challenging order on a sound basis. A collection of South Asian specimens of Ganoderma and various other collections have been studied taxonomically as to spore, pore and anatomical cutis characters by using a technique devised by the author (Steyaert, 1946: 137; 1947: 47); it allows microtome sections of botanical material to be mounted immediately in Canada balsam. Three genera and 15 of the 39 species studied are described as new. All species are from Indonesia except when indicated otherwise; they are Humphreya, Haddowia, Magoderna, and Ganoderma kosteri (The Netherlands), G. vanheurnii, G. manoutchehrii (Iran), G. dejongii, G. donkii, G. puglisii (Italy), G. bruggemanii, G. trulla, G. trulliforme, G. lamaoense (Philippines), G. leytense (Philippines), G. ahmadii (West Pakistan), Humphreya endertii, Haddowia aëtii, Magoderna vansteenisii (Indonesia and Australia). Eight new combinations are proposed, viz. G. petchii (Lloyd), G. weberianum (Bres. & Henn.), Humphreya lloydii (Pat. & Har.), H. coffeatum (Berk.), Amauroderma preussii (P. Henn.) (syn. Ganoderma sikorae Bres., G. rubeolum Bres.) (predominantly African), Haddowia longipes (Lév.), Magoderna infundibuliforme (Wakef.), M. subresinosum (Murrill). The names of two important species, to wit G. pseudoferreum (Wakef.) Over. & Steinm. and G. rivulosum Pat. & Har. become synonyms of previously published names, whose correct combinations are G. philippii (Bres. & Henn.) Bres., and G. weberianum (Bres. & Henn.) Nov. comb., respectively. Ganoderma lucidum (Curt. ex Fr.) Karst. and G. resinaceum Boud. are redefined especially on spore characters previously unreported and which prove infallible in distinguishing the two species. Ganoderma chaffangeonii Pat., G. sessile Murrill, G. polychromum (Copel.) Murrill, G. praelongum Murrill, G. argillaceum Murrill, and G. subperforatum Atk. are placed in the synonymy of G. resinaceum on the basis of their spore features. The genus Amauroderma as currently understood is critically examined. Three new genera ( Humphreya, Haddowia, Magoderna) are set up for a mixture of Amauroderma and Ganoderma species. Additional details and distributional information are given for the previously published species that received new combinations (mentioned above) as well as for the following species: Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex S. F. Gray) Karst., G. tornatum (Pers.) Bres., G. brownii (Murrill) Gilbertson, G. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk, G. mirabile (Lloyd) Humphrey, G. philippii (Bres. & Henn.) Bres., G. williamsianum Murrill, G. tropicum (Jungh.) Bres., G. flexipes Pat., G. chalceum (Cooke) Stey., G. amboinense (Lam. ex Fr.) Pat., G. subtornatum Murrill, G. lucidum (Curt, ex Fr.) Karst., G. resinaceum Boud, G. colossus (Fr.) C. F. Baker, and Amauroderma rugosum (Bl. & Nees) Torrend

Wave exposure shapes reef community composition and recovery trajectories at a remote coral atoll

In a time of unprecedented ecological change, understanding natural biophysical relationships between reef resilience and physical drivers is of increasing importance. This study evaluates how wave forcing structures coral reef benthic community composition and recovery trajectories after the major 2015/2016 bleaching event in the remote Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Benthic cover and substrate rugosity were quantified from digital imagery at 23 fore reef sites around a small coral atoll (Salomon) in 2020 and compared to data from a similar survey in 2006 and opportunistic surveys in intermediate years. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis show strong separation of community composition between exposed (modelled wave exposure > 1000 J m−3) and sheltered sites (< 1000 J m−3) in 2020. This difference is driven by relatively high cover of Porites sp., other massive corals, encrusting corals, soft corals, rubble and dead table corals at sheltered sites versus high cover of pavement and sponges at exposed sites. Total coral cover and rugosity were also higher at sheltered sites. Adding data from previous years shows benthic community shifts from distinct exposure-driven assemblages and high live coral cover in 2006 towards bare pavement, dead Acropora tables and rubble after the 2015/2016 bleaching event. The subsequent recovery trajectories at sheltered and exposed sites are surprisingly parallel and lead communities towards their respective pre-bleaching communities. These results demonstrate that in the absence of human stressors, community patterns on fore reefs are strongly controlled by wave exposure, even during and after widespread coral loss from bleaching events