602 research outputs found
Gluonic Excitations and Experimental Hall-D at Jefferson Lab
A new tagged photon beam facility is being constructed in experimental Hall-D
at Jefferson Lab as a part of the 12 GeV upgrade program. The 9 GeV
linearly-polarized photon beam will be produced via coherent Bremsstrahlung
using the CEBAF electron beam, incident on a diamond radiator. The GlueX
experiment in Hall-D will use this photon beam to search for and study the
pattern of gluonic excitations in the meson spectrum produced through
photoproduction reactions with a liquid hydrogen target. Recent lattice QCD
calculations predict a rich spectrum of hybrid mesons, that are formed by
exciting the gluonic field that couples the quarks. A subset of these hybrid
mesons are predicted to have exotic quantum numbers which cannot be formed from
a simple pair, and thus provide an ideal laboratory for testing QCD
in the confinement regime. In these proceedings the status of the construction
and installation of the GlueX detector will be presented, in addition to
simulation results for some reactions of interest in hybrid meson searches.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, contribution to the proceedings of XXII.
International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects, 28
Apr - 2 May, 2014, Warsaw, Polan
The STAR W Program at RHIC
The production of bosons in polarized collisions at RHIC provides
an excellent tool to probe the proton's sea quark distributions. At leading
order bosons are produced in collisions,
and parity-violating single-spin asymmetries measured in longitudinally
polarized collisions give access to the flavor-separated light quark and
antiquark helicity distributions. In this proceedings we report preliminary
results for the single-spin asymmetry, from data collected in 2012 by the
STAR experiment at RHIC with an integrated luminosity of 72 pb at
GeV and an average beam polarization of 56%.Comment: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on the QCD Structure of the Nucleon
(QCD-N' 2012
uBoost: A boosting method for producing uniform selection efficiencies from multivariate classifiers
The use of multivariate classifiers, especially neural networks and decision
trees, has become commonplace in particle physics. Typically, a series of
classifiers is trained rather than just one to enhance the performance; this is
known as boosting. This paper presents a novel method of boosting that produces
a uniform selection efficiency in a user-defined multivariate space. Such a
technique is ideally suited for amplitude analyses or other situations where
optimizing a single integrated figure of merit is not what is desired
Model selection for amplitude analysis
Model complexity in amplitude analyses is often a priori under-constrained
since the underlying theory permits a large number of possible amplitudes to
contribute to most physical processes. The use of an overly complex model
results in reduced predictive power and worse resolution on unknown parameters
of interest. Therefore, it is common to reduce the complexity by removing from
consideration some subset of the allowed amplitudes. This paper studies a
method for limiting model complexity from the data sample itself through
regularization during regression in the context of a multivariate (Dalitz-plot)
analysis. The regularization technique applied greatly improves the
performance. An outline of how to obtain the significance of a resonance in a
multivariate amplitude analysis is also provided
Response of Estuarine Fish Biomass to Restoration in the Penobscot River, Maine
Diadromous fish require both freshwater and marine habitat to complete their life cycle. Dams restrict the movement between these habitats and as a result, many populations are historically low across their range. The Penobscot River is the second largest river in Maine and once had large populations of diadromous fish and it has been the focus of mainstem dam removals, dam passage improvements, and stocking with the goal of restoring those populations. Since 2012, NOAA Fisheries has conducted surveys of the Penobscot Estuary using mobile, multi-frequency echosounders (SIMRAD EK60 split-beam 38 and 120 kHz) combined with mid-water trawl surveys to construct a time series of fish distribution to assess this large-scale restoration. Target strength (TS; dB re m2), the log10 of the backscattering cross section (σbs; m2), is an important variable in fisheries acoustics because it is used to compute biological metrics such as biomass and fish density. TS is difficult to characterize due to its stochastic properties from variability in fish physiology, orientation, behavior, depth, and size. When an assemblage consists of multiple species or multiple size classes, assigning TS to the component species or size classes is difficult due to the inability to distinguish individual components in the composite distributions. We addressed these challenges by a unique combination of techniques to characterize TS in the Penobscot River Estuary, Maine. From trawl data, we determined the estuarine species assemblage was dominated by Clupeids and Osmerids. We used single target detection and echo tracking algorithms to isolate TS values from individual fish. Next, we applied an expectation–maximization algorithm to identify components of the mixed normal TS distribution based on fish total length (TL; cm) data from trawl surveys. Finally, we used ordinary least squares regression to estimate the parameters of TS = α log10 (TL) + β. Our final parameters, α = 31.0 (SE 0.84) and β = -79.5 (SE 0.90), were similar to published studies from these species. However, our slope and intercept were higher than studies from freshwater and lower than from marine systems. These results suggest that acoustic surveys in estuarine systems with mixed species assemblages and large salinity ranges may need to develop site specific relationships between TS and fish length. The combination of these methods is an example of a novel technique to derive reproducible TS estimates in mixed pelagic fish assemblages. We used system-specific parameters to compute biomass from acoustic survey data. We assessed seasonal estimates of biomass from 2012 to 2017 a period spanning pre-restoration (2012-2014) and post-restoration (2015-2017). Biomass varied with season and year and was generally greater in summer and in post-restoration years. Biomass in pre-restoration years ranged from 9,000 to 114,000 kg per survey and 11 of 45 (23%) surveys had biomass greater than 50,000 kg. Compared to post-restoration years ranged from 23,000 to 316,000 kg per survey and 34 of 43 (76%) surveys had biomass greater than 50,000 kg. Changes in biomass were observed with changes in fish length and density where higher density resulted in higher biomass. This analysis demonstrates the utility of hydroacoustics in monitoring large-system restoration by describing multiple metrics in a complex ecosystem. The changes observed by increased density and biomass are indications that river restoration is changing the ecology of the estuary
Does Meeting Expectations of Relative Income Improve Well-Being?
In recent years economists began studying subjective well-being thoroughly, and often find a certain set of variables affect subjective well-being. Relative income is one variable which is regularly found to strongly influence subjective well-being in many different settings around the world. This study investigates whether or not meeting one’s expectations for relative income change affects subjective well-being by taking advantage of individual level panel survey data from South Africa. A fixed effects model is used to eliminate unobservable fixed effects and estimate the effect of moving from the ‘met expectations’ category in time period one, to ‘below expectations’ or ‘above expectations’ in time period two. Falling below expectations significantly reduces subjective well-being in comparison to meeting expectations. Exceeding expectations improves subjective well-being compared to meeting expectations. Meeting our relative income expectations is nearly as important as being healthy, and exceeding those expectations almost doubles the benefit
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