Fire Hose instability driven by alpha particle temperature anisotropy

We investigate properties of a solar wind-like plasma including a secondary alpha particle population exhibiting a parallel temperature anisotropy with respect to the background magnetic field, using linear and quasi-linear predictions and by means of one-dimensional hybrid simulations. We show that anisotropic alpha particles can drive a parallel fire hose instability analogous to that generated by protons, but that, remarkably, the instability can be triggered also when the parallel plasma beta of alpha particles is below unity. The wave activity generated by the alpha anisotropy affects the evolution of the more abundant protons, leading to their anisotropic heating. When both ion species have sufficient parallel anisotropies both of them can drive the instability, and we observe generation of two distinct peaks in the spectra of the fluctuations, with longer wavelengths associated to alphas and shorter ones to protons. If a non-zero relative drift is present, the unstable modes propagate preferentially in the direction of the drift associated with the unstable species. The generated waves scatter particles and reduce their temperature anisotropy to marginally stable state, and, moreover, they significantly reduce the relative drift between the two ion populations. The coexistence of modes excited by both species leads to saturation of the plasma in distinct regions of the beta/anisotropy parameter space for protons and alpha particles, in good agreement with in situ solar wind observations. Our results confirm that fire hose instabilities are likely at work in the solar wind and limit the anisotropy of different ion species in the plasma.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

The Integration of Venezuelan Migrants into the Argentine Labor Force: Examining underemployment, its causes, and potential solutions

Over the last five years, Venezuelans have left their home country in historic numbers in order to escape economic and political crises at home. Although scattering across the globe, most Venezuelans are re-locating to other countries in Latin America. Argentina has received over 125,000 Venezuelan migrants since 2012, most of whom reside in the capital city of Buenos Aires. The core of this thesis examines how well these migrants are integrating economically into the Argentine workforce and to what extent underemployment is a problem. To accomplish this objective, 278 Venezuelan adult migrants residing in Argentina were surveyed about their experiences navigating the labor market in Argentina. Interviews were also conducted with a variety of individuals from different backgrounds and levels of association with the Venezuelan migrant community in Argentina. These included, among others, interviews with leaders of Venezuelan professional associations in medicine and engineering, the head of a prominent Venezuelan community outreach organization, an academic from Argentina’s National Research Council (CONICET), and a representative from Argentina’s Dirección Nacional de Migraciones (DNM). Findings show that underemployment is perceived as a serious problem among Venezuelan migrants with over 50% of survey respondents claiming to be underemployed. Causes of underemployment were found to result from different factors that often vary based on profession. These primarily include difficulties with obtaining degree accreditation, the poor state of the current Argentine economy, a mismatch between the skills of Venezuelan workers and the demands of the Argentine economy, high costs of living in regions where suitable jobs are available, and in some cases, discrimination. The underemployment of Venezuelan engineers and medical doctors, two of the largest professional groups among Venezuelans, was examined more closely and in both cases underemployment was found to be a problem, but for different reasons. The Argentine government has already taken important actions towards reducing underemployment among Venezuelan migrants and facilitating their economic integration that are already showing signs of success. Recommendations for additional action that can be taken are offered and encouraged since reducing underemployment will be beneficial not only for migrants but also for the economic health of Argentina in the long run. These include subsidizing the cost of housing in areas of the country that are currently prohibitively expensive for migrants to live and work, offering programs of micro-credit for migrant entrepreneurs or independent contractors, fining employers who refuse to hire migrants that have only provisional residency, and allowing migrants to begin the degree accreditation process earlier with only provisional residency. However, the current poor state of the Argentine economy and the need to address the economic concerns of natives will likely limit the attention and resources given towards further improving the welfare of Venezuelan migrants

Get lost! Safeguarding lost tourists in wilderness environments

People lost in the wilderness may be geographically disorientated, incapacitated or unable to return to places of safety. Tourists enter wilderness environments in pursuit of pleasure and leisure but sometimes things go wrong, and they become lost. Tourists have some unique needs dependent on their attitudes, behaviours, motivations and general lack of familiarity with the environment. These unique needs have been recognised in tourism disaster management literature but have not been addressed in search and rescue or lost-person literature. This paper reviews existing literature from the fields of tourism, search and rescue, preventative search and rescue, lost person behaviour, tourism disaster management and community engagement to propose a way forward for tourist safety research. One pathway is to deconstruct the event of a person lost in the wilderness into a series of linked phases. Deconstruction can inform theorists, practitioners and stakeholders about better ways to prevent and manage such events. This could benefit all stakeholders and provide empirical research grounded in established tourism, tourism disaster management and search and rescue theories

Course/Faculty Scheduler

The CFS is designed as an automated aid in the creation of course schedules for Miami University's SAN department. The CFS does not create schedules but provides an environment that will ease the task of creating schedule. The CFS helps create schedules for the Miami University course catalog. The scheduler is for use as a stand alone product in creating department level course schedules. The CFS is an interactive aid for the creation of a course schedule offerings

Bioavailability of Lycopene from Fresh and Processed Tomatoes

Author Institution: Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Universit