1,270 research outputs found
Moral Formation in a Culture of Relativism: Correlates of Universalism and Relativism in the Moral Outlooks of Emerging Adults
This study explores some of the demographic, personal, and experiential factors of emerging adults that correlate to a spectrum of moral outlooks ranging from moral universalism to moral relativism. Data was gathered from 466 volunteer undergraduate students. Respondents’ demographic, experiential, and personal factors served as independent variables. The relativism index score form Forsyth’s Ethics Position Questionnaire (1980) served as the dependent variable. Results suggest several conclusions: First, adults in the life of youth are a significant factor in moral outlook, exerting influence in both universalistic and relativistic directions. Second, religious practice and involvement contribute to a universal moral outlook. Third, the personal characteristics of grit and spiritual transcendence contribute to a universal moral outlook. Fourth, engaging in sexual activity outside of marriage contributes to a relative moral outlook. Fifth, a Catholic school education at both the grade and high school levels contributes to a universal moral outlook
Growth and Destruction of Disks: Combined HI and HII View
How large disk galaxies have evolved in, and out of, the blue cloud of
actively star-forming galaxies as a function of environment and time is an
outstanding question. Some of the largest disks become systems like M31, M33
and the Milky Way today. In denser environments, it appears they transform onto
the red sequence. Tracking disk systems since z<0.5 as a function HI mass,
dynamical mass, and environment should be possible in the coming decade. HI and
optical data combined can sample outer and inner disk dynamics to connect halo
properties with regions of most intense star-formation, and the gas reservoir
to the consumption rate. We describe existing and future IFUs on 4-10m
telescopes that complement upcoming HI surveys for studying disks at z<0.5.
Multiple units, deployable over large fields-of-view, and with logarithmic
sampling will yield kinematic and star-formation maps and properties of the
stellar populations, resolving the core but retaining sensitivity to disk
outskirts.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; to appear in The Evolution of Galaxies through
the Neutral Hydrogen Window, eds. R. Minchin and E. Momjian, AIPC, in pres
Calcium-independent inhibitory G-protein signaling induces persistent presynaptic muting of hippocampal synapses
Adaptive forms of synaptic plasticity that reduce excitatory synaptic transmission in response to prolonged increases in neuronal activity may prevent runaway positive feedback in neuronal circuits. In hippocampal neurons, for example, glutamatergic presynaptic terminals are selectively silenced, creating mute synapses, after periods of increased neuronal activity or sustained depolarization. Previous work suggests that cAMP-dependent and proteasome-dependent mechanisms participate in silencing induction by depolarization, but upstream activators are unknown. We, therefore, tested the role of calcium and G-protein signaling in silencing induction in cultured hippocampal neurons. We found that silencing induction by depolarization was not dependent on rises in intracellular calcium, from either extracellular or intracellular sources. Silencing was, however, pertussis toxin sensitive, which suggests that inhibitory G-proteins are recruited. Surprisingly, blocking four common inhibitory G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (adenosine A(1) receptors, GABA(B) receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, and CB(1) cannabinoid receptors) and one ionotropic receptor with metabotropic properties (kainate receptors) failed to prevent depolarization-induced silencing. Activating a subset of these GPCRs (A(1) and GABA(B)) with agonist application induced silencing, however, which supports the hypothesis that G-protein activation is a critical step in silencing. Overall, our results suggest that depolarization activates silencing through an atypical GPCR or through receptor-independent G-protein activation. GPCR agonist-induced silencing exhibited dependence on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, as was shown previously for depolarization-induced silencing, implicating the degradation of vital synaptic proteins in silencing by GPCR activation. These data suggest that presynaptic muting in hippocampal neurons uses a G-protein-dependent but calcium-independent mechanism to depress presynaptic vesicle release
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Selective Laser Sintering of Passive Dynamic Ankle-Foot Orthoses
Passive dynamic ankle-foot orthoses (AFO’s) are used to improve gait performance in
those with various neuromuscular disorders. An important design characteristic of passive
dynamic AFOs is the storage and release of elastic energy within its structure to help satisfy the
energetic demands of walking. Thus, minimizing energy dissipation through internal friction is a
fundamental criterion for selecting the appropriate AFO material. This study compared the
mechanical damping of a carbon-fiber AFO to three geometrically identical AFO’s fabricated
using selective laser sintering with different materials. Mechanical damping characteristics
ranked the materials as Nylon 11 (best), followed by DuraformTM PA and DuraformTM GF
(worst).Mechanical Engineerin
Polarization dOTF: on-sky focal plane wavefront sensing
The differential Optical Transfer Function (dOTF) is a focal plane wavefront
sensing method that uses a diversity in the pupil plane to generate two
different focal plane images. The difference of their Fourier transforms
recovers the complex amplitude of the pupil down to the spatial scale of the
diversity. We produce two simultaneous PSF images with diversity using a
polarizing filter at the edge of the telescope pupil, and a polarization camera
to simultaneously record the two images. Here we present the first on-sky
demonstration of polarization dOTF at the 1.0m South African Astronomical
Observatory telescope in Sutherland, and our attempt to validate it with
simultaneous Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor images.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, Proc. SPIE Vol. 991
When should travelers begin malaria prophylaxis?
Travelers should start on chloroquine 1 to 2 weeks before entering an area without chloroquine resistance (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion). In areas with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, travelers will need to take atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, or primaquine 1 day before entering the area, or mefloquine 2 to 7 weeks before travel (SOR: B, based on prospective patient-oriented outcomes and expert opinion). Before prescribing medications, determine malaria risk and sensitivity of Plasmodium species by country at wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/yellowBookCh5- MalariaYellowFeverTable.aspx (SOR: C, based on patient-oriented expert opinion)
The use of music in Mutual Recovery: a qualitative pilot study
Mutual Recovery involves caregivers and their clients mutually participating in artistic endeavours to foster resilience in both parties. A qualitative enquiry into the use of group music making (referred to as a ‘Music Jam’) between both the caregivers and clients at a residential treatment facility for adults with developmental disabilities and Schizophrenia was conducted. The purpose of this study was to examine whether shared musical endeavours enjoyed therapeutic and resilience building utility for both the caregivers and clients. A focus group was conducted in which comments were collected and transcribed for qualitative analysis. Themes of enhanced respect and equality among clients for the caregivers, and intrapersonal connectedness and enhanced feelings of community emerged during analysis. Both parties expressed recurrent themes of humility, mutual respect and overall enjoyment. Mutual Recovery practices where caregivers and their clients play music outside of therapeutic settings are an effective means by which resiliency and connectedness can be enhanced in all participants. To this end, other forms of Mutual Recovery deserve greater investigation in order to better examine whether these practices are worth implementing in larger and more varied formats
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