Organizational culture and climate as the requirements of innovation in organizations

Organizational innovation is a popular field of study in various disciplines including business, economics, engineering, psychology, public administration and sociology because it is seen as a key concept of economic growth and new industries. It creates competitive advantage and impact of the company, contributing to organizational effectiveness and competitiveness. Organizational innovation is often defined by two similar and related concepts: creativity and change. Even though the literature on innovation is fruitful, there has been a lack of connection with its predecessor - the organizational creativity, as well as an apparent lack of scientific studies conducted in organizational context. In order to introduce organizational innovations, as a result of organizational changes, the duty of a leader is to persuade employees to accept risk, to motivate them. Furthemore, they have to gain their trust which is consistent with transformational leadership - a kind of leadership that aims to create a climate for innovation and has been recognized in literature as an important factor. Therefore, organizational culture and climate are preconditions for innovation within organizations in the same manner as risk-taking, experimentation, openness, trust and autonomy are part of the organizational support which provides the basis for innovation. That is the reason why organizational culture and climate promote creativity and innovation in companies and organizations

Acute ethanol poisoning in children in Vojvodina

Cilj rada bio je da se na teritoriji SAP Vojvodine ispita učestalost i osobenost akutnog trovanja etanolom u dece. Retrospektivno su analizirane istorije bolesti dece uzrasta od 0 do 15 godina, hospitalizovane zbog akutnog trovanja u svih jedanaest stacionarnih ustanova u Vojvodini tokom 1985. i 1986. godine. Od 795 dece hospitalizovane zbog akutnog trovanja, 52 se otrovalo etanolom, što u proseku iznosi 6,54% uz bitne regionalne razlike. Izuzimajući Novi Kneževac gde je tokom dvogodišnjeg perioda bilo samo osam trovanja, procentualna zastupljenost trovanja etanolom kretala se od 3,03% u Zrenjaninu do 11,45% u Subotici.The aim of this work was to investigate the frequency and characteristics of acute ethanol poisoning in children in the territory of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. In a retrospective study histories of poisoned children aged 0 - 15 years, who were hospitalized in all eleven stationary centres in Vojvodina during 1985/86, were analysed. From 795 children, 52 were poisoned with ethanol (6.54%). With the exception of Novi Knezevac, where only eight cases of poisoning were recorded during the two-year period, the frequency of ethanol poisoning showed major regional differences varying from 3.03% in Zrenjanin to 11.45% in Subotica. Poisoning among boys was significantly more frequent than among girls, especially with ethanol. The average age of children poisoned with ethanol was 8.4 years i.e. almost twice that of children poisoned with other substances. The children\u27s age and circumstances of ethanol poisoning point to the absence and failure of preventive measures

Tradicionalni proizvodi - osnove za održivi razvoj proizvoda životinjskog porekla u Srbiji

Research results on the diversity of traditional products of animal origin from certain areas of the Republic of Serbia, provides an opportunity to become part of the sustainable quality development, which would be based on their promotion and protection of local resources. Traditional products of animal origin are different and inseparable from the local identity, typical for nation and its food culture. Through confidence-building, and protection from oblivion, the value of domestic products, had preserved trough centuries-old tradition. Nowadays, each domestic product has its own recognisable taste, representing climate of the Republic of Serbia, from which it comes. Universally accepted model of rural institutional structure does not exist. Instead it accommodates and develops in accordance to needs, possibilities and area specific characteristics. By the efficient protection rural models becomes an investment incentives and contribute to general economic and industrial prosperity of the society.Rezultati mnogobrojnih istraživanja o raznovrsnosti tradicionalnih proizvoda životinjskog porekla sa određenih područja Republike Srbije, pružaju mogućnost da postanu deo održivog razvoja kvaliteta, koji bi bio zasnovan na njihovoj promociji i zaštiti lokalnih resursa. Tradicionalni proizvodi životinjskog porekla, međusobno se razlikuju, neodvojivi su deo lokalnog identiteta, tipični za narod i njihovu kulturu u pripremanju hrane. Polazeći od činjenice da je Republika Srbija bogata raznovrsnošću ovih proizvoda, uočavamo njihove prednosti i specifičnosti, koje donose prednost izbora domaćem i stranom potrošaču. Kroz sticanje poverenja, ali i zaštitu od zaborava, vrednost domaćih proizvoda, sačuvala je vekovnu tradiciju, prepoznatljiv ukus i podneblje Srbije iz kojeg dolazi. Univerzalno prihvaćeni modeli ruralnih institucionalnih struktura ne postoje, već se prilagođavaju i razvijaju prema potrebama, mogućnostima i specifičnostima određenog područja. Efikasnom zaštitom, postaju podsticaj za investiranje i doprinos ukupnom ekonomskom i privrednom napretku društva

Biocompatible Materials labelled with Microenvironment Responsive MRI Probes for the follow-up of Cell Transplants

Introduction: Cell encapsulation by hydrogels is intended to shield transplanted cells from the host hostile environment by preventing the infiltration of host immune cells. Cell scaffolding by solid biocompatible microparticles is intended to provide a structural support to implanted cells and to mimic the extracellular matrix, allowing cells to proliferate and/or differentiate in the desired way. We present strategies to label scaffolding biomaterials with microenvironment responsive MRI probes, for applications in the follow-up of cell transplants. Methods: Microparticles (MPs) based on PLGA/chitosan were incorporated with gadolinium fluoride nanoparticles (GdNPs), as the MRI T1-contrast agent. The system is designed such to release Gd-NPs in the extracellular matrix (ECM), thus activating MRI contrast, unless MPs are attacked by the immune system (Foreign Body Response, FBR). To proof the concept, PLGA-based MPs were seeded with hMSCs and implanted into either immunocompetent or immunocompromised mice, and the transplants were followed-up by MRI for three weeks. Ex-vivo histologic assessment was carried out at the end of the follow-up. Results/Discussion: Immunocompetent mice showed poor activation, if any, of MRI contrast within the cell graft. Immunocompromised mice, on the other hand, showed a progressive activation of MRI contrast. Ex-vivo histology showed extensive FBR directed against microparticles in immunocompetent mice, with some surviving hMSCs in the ECM but not on the scaffold surface. No significant FBR was detected in immunocompromised mice, and hMSCs were still adhering to the scaffolds. Conclusions: The proposed system is able to assess whether or not cell grafts are subjected to innate immune response, an event that is likely correlated to the loss of transplanted cells

Influence of process parameters of simultaneous anodization/anaphoretic electrodeposition synthesis of hydroxyapatite/titanium oxide composite coatings on adhesion

In-situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite/titanium oxide (HAp/TiO2) coating on titanium was performed via anaphoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and simultaneous anodization of Ti to produce highly adherent and strengthened composite coating. The influence of electric potential, time, electrolyte concentration and pH value of the anodization process on titanium surface roughness and anodization of titanium was examined, as well as influence of same process parameters on adhesion strength and compactness of composite HAp/TiO2 coatings was investigated. Prior to novel in situ method of synthesis of hydroxyapatite/titanium oxide composite coatings by simultaneous anodization/anaphoretic electrodeposition described in this manuscript, optimization of anodization process of titanium was performed. Anodization was executed under different electric potentials and different distances of counter electrodes from working electrodes, but all anodization processes had constant quantity of electric charge. Characterization of titanium samples, prepared from grade 6 Ti, and having rectangular contact surfaces of 10×10×0.89 mm included SEM/EDS analyses, X-ray diffraction analyses, AFM surface topography, morphology and roughness analyses and linear measurements of roughness. A chemical precipitation method was used to prepare hydroxyapatite powder by the reaction of calcium oxide (obtained by calcination of CaCO3 for 5 h at 1000 °C in air) and phosphoric acid. A stoichiometric amount of the calcium oxide was stirred in distilled water and phosphoric acid was added drop wise to the suspension in order to obtain hydroxyapatite powder, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Two types of HAp coatings were prepared, in order to compare the adhesion, morphology and consistency of the HAp and composite HAp/TiO2 on Ti, namely cathaphoretic and anaphoretic coatings, respectively [1,2]. The prepared coatings were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron dispersive spectroscopy. Adhesion was investigated by ASTM D 3359 – 97 Test method B. Uniform and adherent HAp/TiO2 composite coating on Ti was obtained. Since smaller size of HAp crystals within highly porous coating structures is of improved binding ability to various biomolecules, our coating is expected to be of excellent coverage and compactness. The obtained coating can be good candidate for bone implants due to improved adhesion

Measurement of the Higgs Branching Ration BR(H→γγH\rightarrow\gamma\gamma) at 3 TeV CLIC

In this paper we address the potential of a 3 TeV center-of-mass energy Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) to measure the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson decay to two photons. Since photons are massless, they are not coupled to the Higgs boson at the tree level, but they are created in a loop exchange of heavy particles either from the Standard Model or beyond. Any deviation of the effective $H\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ branching ratio and consequently of the Higgs to photon coupling may indicate New Physics. The Higgs decay to two photons is thus an interesting probe of the Higgs sector, both at the running and future experiments. A similar study has been performed by C. Grefe at 1.4 TeV CLIC, where the statistical uncertainty is determined to be 15\% for an integrated luminosity of 1.5 $ab^{-1}$ with unpolarized beams. \noindent This study is performed using a full simulation of the detector for CLIC and by considering all relevant physics and beam-induced processes in a full reconstruction chain. The measurement is simulated on 5000 samples of pseudo-experiments and the relative statistical uncertainty is extracted from the pull distribution. It is shown that the Higgs production cross-section in $W^+W^-$ fusion times the branching ratio BR($H\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$) can be measured with a relative statistical accuracy of 8.2\%, assuming an integrated luminosity of 5 $ab^{-1}$ with unpolarized beams

Quality Parameters and Antioxidant Activity of Three Clover Species in Relation to the Livestock Diet

Products of metabolism that are directly involved in growth, development and reproduction and also secondary products of metabolism were studied in 16 natural populations of three species of the genus Trifolium (T. repens - four populations, T. alpestre - three populations, T. pannonicum - nine populations), collected from the central Balkans region, i.e. territory of Serbia. Statistical analysis showed the presence of variability in all species of the test material. The best quality of dry matter, estimated by the ratio of crude protein and crude fiber, was achieved in the populations of white clover. In this species, average protein content was 216.4 g kg(-1) while the average content of crude fiber was 222.4 g kg(-1). The highest average content of total phenols (77.9 mg GA g(-1)), flavonoids (159.7 mg Ru g(-1)) and antioxidant activity (70.2 mu g ml(-1)) was measured in populations of T. pannonicum by phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of plants. The content of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in other species were extremely low. Populations of T. pannonicum were notable for fodder quality and antioxidant activity: CS091 with 186.2 g kg(-1) of crude protein and antioxidant activity of 55 mu g ml(-1); RA123 with 175.6 g kg(-1) of crude protein and a high level of antioxidant activity of 44.8 mu g ml(-1). It can be concluded that the selection of these populations may lead to creation of different varieties of fodder crops that could give safe animal feed and would be suitable for growing under adverse conditions of mountainous climate

Novel in-situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite/titanium oxide composite coatings on titanium by simultaneous anodization/anaphoretic electrodeposition

In-situ synthesis of HAp/TiO2 coating on titanium was performed via anaphoretic deposition of HAp and simultaneous anodization of Ti to produce highly adherent and strengthened composite coating. The prepared coatings were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron dispersive spectroscopy. HAp on anodized titanium was prepared at constant voltage of 60 V and deposition time of 45 s, which provided uniform and adherent HAp/TiO2 composite coating on Ti. Since smaller size of HAp crystals within highly porous coating structures is of improved binding ability to various biomolecules, our coating is expected to be of excellent coverage and compactness. The obtained coating can be good candidate for bone implants due to reduced brittleness and improved adhesion