Direct Income Support and Cross-compliance

Stimulated by the switch away from price support in the early 1990s (the Mac Sharry reform), direct income payments have now become the central policy tool in EU agriculture. More than 70 per cent of the common agricultural practices (CAP) budget is now accounted for by these ‘single’ payments, which are largely decoupled from production. To receive these payments, farmers are required to comply with minimal ‘cross-compliance’ standards related to food safety, hygiene, the environment, animal welfare, and land management. On the basis of a review of both the payment scheme and the cross-compliance conditions, it is argued that further reform could make the system more targeted. This not only concerns the income support objective but also agriculture’s contribution to the provisioning of public goods and green services

Mobile phone data for informing public health actions across the COVID-19 pandemic life cycle

This paper describes how mobile phone data can guide government and public health authorities in determining the best course of action to control the COVID-19 pandemic and in assessing the effectiveness of control measures such as physical distancing. It identifies key gaps and reasons why this kind of data is only scarcely used, although their value in similar epidemics has proven in a number of use cases. It presents ways to overcome these gaps and key recommendations for urgent action, most notably the establishment of mixed expert groups on national and regional level, and the inclusion and support of governments and public authorities early on. It is authored by a group of experienced data scientists, epidemiologists, demographers and representatives of mobile network operators who jointly put their work at the service of the global effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic

A survey of results on mobile phone datasets analysis

In this paper, we review some advances made recently in the study of mobile phone datasets. This area of research has emerged a decade ago, with the increasing availability of large-scale anonymized datasets, and has grown into a stand-alone topic. We will survey the contributions made so far on the social networks that can be constructed with such data, the study of personal mobility, geographical partitioning, urban planning, and help towards development as well as security and privacy issues