Rheological and Technological Quality of Minor Wheat Species and Common Wheat

Wheat is an important food grain source that nurtures millions of people around the world. Not only does wheat contain a large number of nutrients such as protein, wet gluten, etc., but also it has a lot of antioxidants such as dietary fibre, tocopherols, tocotrienols, etc. In a majority of cases, attention has been drawn to evaluate the grain yield and its components rather than its quality. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the differences between minority wheat species and common wheat to determine the best rheological characteristics, technological quality as well as correlations between rheological and technological traits. The results revealed that hulled wheat species had a high protein content and wet gluten content. Einkorn and emmer were not suitable for ‘classical’ baking processing. But there is potential for other products, e.g. wheat rice (einkorn) or pasta (emmer). Spelt should be possible to be used in ‘classical’ baking industry, but the best solution is to use grain as a mixture with bread wheat. Also, this study showed a genotype variation in the antioxidant activity of einkorn, emmer, spelta and Triticum aestivum

Vliv genotypu a agroekologickych podminek na kvalitu bezplucheho ovsa.

Aked oat represents product, for which the Czech republic plays important role in both - breeding and growing. Among major advantages of naked oat belong higher content of nitrogenous compounds and oil, lower content of fiber. These qualities enable consummation by monogastry without technological modification of grain. Main goal of this work was to evaluate influence of genotype and main agroecological conditions (locality, season conditions) to selected qualitative parameters of naked oat (volume weight, thousand grain weight, content of husked and black grains, size fraction, content of nitrogenous compounds, content of oil, fibre, aminoacids and content of beta-glucans). Observation was performed in years 1995 - 1997 for 4 naked oat genotypes on 5 localities. The most of qualitative parameters of naked oat are influenced mainly by actual season conditions, then locality and at least by genotype.Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi

The influence of genotype and agroecological conditions on aminoacids composition of naked oats

Czech Republic plays important role in both breeding and growing of naked oats. Their proteins have the highest biological value among the cereals proteins with favourable aminoacid composition and a high level of lysine. Main goal of this work was to evaluate influence of genotype and main agroecological conditions on aminoacids contents in naked oats grain. We observed two varieties (Abel, SGK-7555) on four control sites (Nechanice, Kujavy, Hradec nad Svitavou, Krukanice) from 1995 to 1997. The contents of aminoacids was determined by column chromatography. The contents of aminoacids was analogous to the figures reported by Moudrý & Èermák (1995) and Cuddeford (1990), except from the aminoacids glycine and alanine. Moudrý & Èermák (1995) detected approximately double contents of aminoacids glycine and alanine. On the contrary, lower contents of fenylalanine and histidine were found out. No other substantial differences were found. The rate of aminoacids contents in naked oats is mainly influenced by actual season conditions, locality and finally genotype. Statisticaly insignificant differences in aminoacids contents were detected between varieties in most amonoacids. Statisticaly significant differences in aminoacids contents were detected between locality and season conditions (temperature, precipitation. No significant negative correlation was found between the contents of N compounds and aminoacids contents including lysin. The lower contents of N substances does not automatically lead to worse aminoacids composition. Cuddeford, D. 1990. In: Oats and triticale a growing market. National Agricultural Conference, April, Stoneleigh; Moudrý, J. & Èermák, B. 1995. In Czech.vokMyynti MTT tietopalvelu

The comparison of production ability of naked and husked oats

The aim of the research work was to assess differences in yield formation of naked and husked oats and to determine the affecting factors. The exact field small-plot experiments with three naked oats varieties (Abel, Izak, and Salomon) and with three husked oats varieties (Auron, Edmund, and Expander) were carried out in two Austrian sites (Lambach and Freistadt) and in two Czech sites (Èeské Budìjovice and Humpolec) during 1999-2001. There were determined mainly panicle length (LP), number of whorls (NW), number of branches (NB), number of spikelets (NS), number of grains (NG) and weight of grains per panicle (WG). Mean values of harvest index for husked and naked oats were 45.8 and 39.7 %, respectively, with negative relationship with plant height and in a positive relationship with WG. The husked varieties reached higher mean levels of the all yield components. The stands of the husked varieties had higher harvest densities, panicles per m2, gains per m2 and minimum variability of the coefficient of productive tillering. The weight of panicles was affected by number of grains, rather than their weight. Yield variability has been influenced in greater extent by number of formed spikelets than by their productivity as reported by Peltonen-Sainio (1994). The yield was affected not only by the higher panicle productivity, but also by the stand density. The inter-year variability of the panicle productivity was influenced mainly by precipitation rate during the period of spikelets differentiation and grain filling. The effect of genotype on the panicle productivity was 15.5 %. Crude grain yields in our experiments were 5.83 and 4.30 t/ha for husked and naked oats, respectively. The tested naked varieties would produce at the observed output the yield of oats rice 4.20 and 4.26 t/ha. However, such high output of husked oats has not been reached in farming practice. Stelzner (1990) reported outputs 46-55 and 86-92.4 % for husked and naked oats, respectively, under German conditions. In our experiments, the production of dehulled grains was 3.21 and 3.83 t/ha at the outputs 55 and 89 % for husked and naked oats, respectively. The oats rice production was observed to be for 31.3 % higher in the naked varieties as compared to the husked ones. Such results support the interest in breeding and cultivation of naked oats under the conditions of the Czech Republic. Burrows, V. D., et al.2001. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81:727-729; Peltonen-Sainio, P. 1994.vokMyynti MTT tietopalvelu

Outcomes of BRAF V600E pediatric gliomas treated with targeted BRAF inhibition

Purpose: Children with pediatric gliomas harboring a BRAF V600E mutation have poor outcomes with current chemoradiotherapy strategies. Our aim was to study the role of targeted BRAF inhibition in these tumors.Patients and methods: We collected clinical, imaging, molecular, and outcome information from patients with BRAF V600E-mutated glioma treated with BRAF inhibition across 29 centers from multiple countries.Results: Sixty-seven patients were treated with BRAF inhibition (pediatric low-grade gliomas [PLGGs], n = 56; pediatric high-grade gliomas [PHGGs], n = 11) for up to 5.6 years. Objective responses were observed in 80% of PLGGs, compared with 28% observed with conventional chemotherapy (P \u3c .001). These responses were rapid (median, 4 months) and sustained in 86% of tumors up to 5 years while receiving therapy. After discontinuation of BRAF inhibition, 76.5% (13 of 17) of patients with PLGG experienced rapid progression (median, 2.3 months). However, upon rechallenge with BRAF inhibition, 90% achieved an objective response. Poor prognostic factors in conventional therapies, such as concomitant homozygous deletion of CDKN2A, were not associated with lack of response to BRAF inhibition. In contrast, only 36% of those with PHGG responded to BRAF inhibition, with all but one tumor progressing within 18 months. In PLGG, responses translated to 3-year progression-free survival of 49.6% (95% CI, 35.3% to 69.5%) versus 29.8% (95% CI, 20% to 44.4%) for BRAF inhibition versus chemotherapy, respectively (P = .02).Conclusion: Use of BRAF inhibition results in robust and durable responses in BRAF V600E-mutated PLGG. Prospective studies are required to determine long-term survival and functional outcomes with BRAF inhibitor therapy in childhood gliomas