Impurity Band Conduction in a High Temperature Ferromagnetic Semiconductor

The band structure of a prototypical dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor, Ga$_{1-x}$Mn$_{x}$As, is studied across the phase diagram via optical spectroscopy. We prove that the Fermi energy ($E_{F}$) resides in a Mn induced impurity band (IB). This conclusion is based upon careful analysis of the frequency and temperature dependence of the optical conductivity ($\sigma_{1}(\omega,T)$). From our analysis of $\sigma_{1}(\omega,T)$ we infer a large effective mass ($m^*$) of the carriers, supporting the view that conduction occurs in an IB. Our results also provide useful insights into the transport properties of Mn-doped GaAs.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Catching them early? Using a pre-arrival task to encourage first year students’ engagement with professionalism

BackgroundMedical professionalism includes aspects of professional governance, professional patient care and personal and professional development (Owen, Hill &amp; Stephens, 2009). There is growing interest in what medical professionalism is and how we teach it. In the UK, the GMC specifically emphasised the doctor as a professional in Tomorrow’s Doctors (2009). While there is agreement that it is important to include medical professionalism in the undergraduate curriculum, there is still no clear model for doing so (Passi, Doug, Peile, Thistlethwaithe &amp; Johnson, 2010). That said, there is a strong argument for teaching the cognitive basis of professionalism and then building upon this through experiential learning (Cruess &amp; Cruess, 2006). Following a curriculum re-design in 2013/14 Southampton medical school began to teach explicit professionalism in the early years through a combination of lectures, symposia, student presentations and tutorials. The introduction was accompanied by an evaluation (using quantitative and qualitative data), which indicated that the majority of students were struggling to see the relevance. In addition to reconsidering content, format and delivery, a pre-arrival task was introduced in 2014/15. Pre-arrival tasks are increasingly used within higher education more broadly. They are intended to build student engagement and seek to mobilise students’ prior learning and experiences in order to connect them with a new course and/or institution. This, to our knowledge is the first time that a pre-arrival task has been used in a UK medical school context. The presentation will outline what we did, how students responded and will offer key learning points (for staff and students). ReferencesCruess, R. L., &amp; Cruess, S. R. (2006). Teaching professionalism: general principles. Medical teacher, 28(3), 205-208.Owen, D., Hill, F. &amp; Stephens, C. (2009). Medical professionalism: more than fitness to practise. The Academy Subject Centre for Medicine, Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine Newsletter, 01, (18), 16-19.Passi, V., Doug, M., Peile, E., Thistlethwaite, J., &amp; Johnson, N. (2010). Developing medical professionalism in future doctors: a systematic review.International Journal of Medical Education, 1, 19–29. doi:10.5116/ijme.4bda.ca2aRiley, S., &amp; Kumar, N. (2012). Teaching medical professionalism. Clinical Medicine, 12(1), 9-11.Tomorrow's doctors. General Medical Council. Education Committee, 2009.<br/

Tonic inhibition of accumbal spiny neurons by extrasynaptic 4 GABAA receptors modulates the actions of psychostimulants

Within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), synaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate phasic inhibition of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and influence behavioral responses to cocaine. We demonstrate that both dopamine D1- and D2-receptor-expressing MSNs (D-MSNs) additionally harbor extrasynaptic GABAARs incorporating α4, β, and δ subunits that mediate tonic inhibition, thereby influencing neuronal excitability. Both the selective δ-GABAAR agonist THIP and DS2, a selective positive allosteric modulator, greatly increased the tonic current of all MSNs from wild-type (WT), but not from δ−/− or α4−/− mice. Coupling dopamine and tonic inhibition, the acute activation of D1 receptors (by a selective agonist or indirectly by amphetamine) greatly enhanced tonic inhibition in D1-MSNs but not D2-MSNs. In contrast, prolonged D2 receptor activation modestly reduced the tonic conductance of D2-MSNs. Behaviorally, WT and constitutive α4−/− mice did not differ in their expression of cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP). Importantly, however, mice with the α4 deletion specific to D1-expressing neurons (α4D1−/−) showed increased CPP. Furthermore, THIP administered systemically or directly into the NAc of WT, but not α4−/− or α4D1−/− mice, blocked cocaine enhancement of CPP. In comparison, α4D2−/− mice exhibited normal CPP, but no cocaine enhancement. In conclusion, dopamine modulation of GABAergic tonic inhibition of D1- and D2-MSNs provides an intrinsic mechanism to differentially affect their excitability in response to psychostimulants and thereby influence their ability to potentiate conditioned reward. Therefore, α4βδ GABAARs may represent a viable target for the development of novel therapeutics to better understand and influence addictive behaviors

NeBula: TEAM CoSTAR’s robotic autonomy solution that won phase II of DARPA subterranean challenge

This paper presents and discusses algorithms, hardware, and software architecture developed by the TEAM CoSTAR (Collaborative SubTerranean Autonomous Robots), competing in the DARPA Subterranean Challenge. Specifically, it presents the techniques utilized within the Tunnel (2019) and Urban (2020) competitions, where CoSTAR achieved second and first place, respectively. We also discuss CoSTAR’s demonstrations in Martian-analog surface and subsurface (lava tubes) exploration. The paper introduces our autonomy solution, referred to as NeBula (Networked Belief-aware Perceptual Autonomy). NeBula is an uncertainty-aware framework that aims at enabling resilient and modular autonomy solutions by performing reasoning and decision making in the belief space (space of probability distributions over the robot and world states). We discuss various components of the NeBula framework, including (i) geometric and semantic environment mapping, (ii) a multi-modal positioning system, (iii) traversability analysis and local planning, (iv) global motion planning and exploration behavior, (v) risk-aware mission planning, (vi) networking and decentralized reasoning, and (vii) learning-enabled adaptation. We discuss the performance of NeBula on several robot types (e.g., wheeled, legged, flying), in various environments. We discuss the specific results and lessons learned from fielding this solution in the challenging courses of the DARPA Subterranean Challenge competition.Peer ReviewedAgha, A., Otsu, K., Morrell, B., Fan, D. D., Thakker, R., Santamaria-Navarro, A., Kim, S.-K., Bouman, A., Lei, X., Edlund, J., Ginting, M. F., Ebadi, K., Anderson, M., Pailevanian, T., Terry, E., Wolf, M., Tagliabue, A., Vaquero, T. S., Palieri, M., Tepsuporn, S., Chang, Y., Kalantari, A., Chavez, F., Lopez, B., Funabiki, N., Miles, G., Touma, T., Buscicchio, A., Tordesillas, J., Alatur, N., Nash, J., Walsh, W., Jung, S., Lee, H., Kanellakis, C., Mayo, J., Harper, S., Kaufmann, M., Dixit, A., Correa, G. J., Lee, C., Gao, J., Merewether, G., Maldonado-Contreras, J., Salhotra, G., Da Silva, M. S., Ramtoula, B., Fakoorian, S., Hatteland, A., Kim, T., Bartlett, T., Stephens, A., Kim, L., Bergh, C., Heiden, E., Lew, T., Cauligi, A., Heywood, T., Kramer, A., Leopold, H. A., Melikyan, H., Choi, H. C., Daftry, S., Toupet, O., Wee, I., Thakur, A., Feras, M., Beltrame, G., Nikolakopoulos, G., Shim, D., Carlone, L., & Burdick, JPostprint (published version

Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans

none5200siThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19.Nepogodiev D.; Omar O.M.; Glasbey J.C.; Li E.; Simoes J.F.F.; Abbott T.E.F.; Ademuyiwa A.O.; Biccard B.M.; Chaudhry D.; Davidson G.H.; Di Saverio S.; Gallo G.; Ghosh D.; Harrison E.M.; Hutchinson P.J.; Kamarajah S.K.; Keller D.S.; Lawani I.; Minaya-Bravo A.; Moore R.; Morton D.G.; Ntirenganya F.; Pata F.; Pearse R.M.; la Medina A.R.-D.; Tabiri S.; Venn M.L.; Omar A.B.O.M.; Bhangu A.; Harrison E.M.; Siaw-Acheampong K.; Adamina M.; Agarwal A.; Alameer E.; Alderson D.; Alakaloko F.; Alser O.; Arnaud A.P.; Augestad K.M.; Bankhead-Kendall B.K.; Barlow E.; Benson R.A.; Blanco-Colino R.; Brar A.; Minaya-Bravo A.; Breen K.A.; Buarque I.L.; Caruana E.J.; Chakrabortee S.; Cox D.; Cunha M.F.; Dawson B.E.; Desai A.; Drake T.D.; Edwards J.G.; Elhadi M.; Evans J.P.; Farik S.; Fiore M.; Fitzgerald J.E.; Ford S.; Ghosh D.; Gomes G.M.A.; Griffiths E.A.; Gujjuri R.R.; Halkias C.; Heritage E.; Isik A.; Jenkinson M.D.; Jones C.S.; Khatri C.; Keatley J.M.; Kolias A.; Lawday S.; Lederhuber H.; Leventoglu S.; LAffler M.W.; Martin J.; Mashbari H.N.; Mazingi D.; Mckay S.C.; Metallidis S.; Mohan H.M.; Moszkowicz D.; Moug S.; Ng-Kamstra J.S.; Niquen M.; Outani O.; Pellino G.; Pinkney T.D.; Pockney P.; Radenkovic D.; Roberts K.; Roslani A.C.; Santos I.; Schache A.; Schnitzbauer A.A.; Stewart G.D.; Shaw R.; Shu S.; Soreide K.; Spinelli A.; Sundar S.; Tiwari A.; Townend P.; Trout I.M.; Tsoulfas G.; van Ramshorst G.H.; Vidya R.; Vimalachandran D.; Warren O.; Wilkin R.J.W.; Wright N.; Hoste E.; Huyghens L.; Jacobs R.; Opdenacker G.; Poelaert J.; Rijckaert D.; De Decker K.; Foubert L.; De Neve N.; Biston P.; Piagnerelli M.; Collin V.; den Blauwen N.; Clauwaert C.; De Crop L.; Hoste E.; Verbeke A.; Derumeaux P.; Gardin C.; Kindt S.; Louage S.; Verhamme B.; DruwACopyright P.; Lahaye I.; Rosseel F.; Rutsaert R.; Vanlinthout L.; De Kock M.; Forget P.; Kahn D.; Lois F.; Momeni M.; Yemnga A.P.B.; Jadoul J.-L.; Malbrain M.; Bosinceanu D.; Collard E.; Jorens P.; Reyntiens D.; Smitz C.; Vercauteren M.; Fagnoul D.; Toplice K.; OremuA¡ K.; BeA¡lic G.; Duzel V.; Hauptman A.; Peremin S.; Aribar A.; A½upcic M.; Brod S.; Mirkovic I.; Bauer Z.A.; Belavic M.; BlaA¾anin B.; KatuA¡in M.L.; Krijan A.B.; MiA¡kovic P.; Aimic-Korac N.; Topic J.; A½ilic A.; A½unic J.; Acan I.; Adanic M.; Ivanov N.; Aaric J.P.; Tomulic K.; Viskovic N.; BoA¡njak S.; Drenjancevic I.H.; Kristek G.; Kvolik S.; Markic S.; Rakipovic A.S.; Tot O.K.; Fabris L.K.; Bacak-Kocman I.; Balenovic I.; Bandic D.; Deutsch P.A.J.; Divjak L.; Filipovic I.G.; GuA¾vinec Z.; Krznaric Z.; Loncaric Y.; MagaA¡ J.V.; Mitrovic M.; Okic M.; Pavlek M.; Ramov E.; Rezek K.; Sekulic A.; Tomasevic B.; Miric M.; TomaA¡evic A.; Mahecic T.T.; Vrbanovic V.; Bobinac M.; BoA¾ic A.; Debelic D.; Frkovic V.; Batinica I.M.; Baranovic S.; Gavranovic A½.; Kikec M.; Maldini B.; Maric S.; Agnic I.; Delic N.; Dropulic N.; GaA¡pic T.K.; Ilic D.; Ivancev B.; Karanovic N.; KuA¡cevic D.; Marovic Z.; Milic M.; NeveA¡canin A.; Petkovic T.; Smoje M.; Brozovic G.; Goranovic T.; Jelisavac M.; Matolic M.; Mazul-Sunko B.; Oberhofer D.; Pavicic A.M.; Aakic K.; Bozovic M.D.; Krecek Z.K.; Krobot R.; Andabaka T.; Bratanic M.; Dzepina O.; Kraljev M.; Aeric J.; Aimurina T.; Grujic R.; Nacevski-Bulaja B.; BariA¾on M.; Danira V.; DraA¾en B.; DuA¡anka K.; HaluA¾an M.B.; JoA¡ko A½.; Katica R.; Labor M.; Marinkovic T.G.; Mihovilcevic D.; Marija B.; Srecko M.; Drab M.; Hudacek K.; Krikava I.; Stourac P.; BrabcovA¡ M.; KlozovA¡ R.; Vajter J.; Vymazal T.; Toft P.; Blichfeldt L.; Hansen B.D.; Moller K.; Nielsen J.S.; Frederiksen J.; Andersen J.D.; KA¼hne J.P.; Leivdal S.; Stendell L.; Simonsen M.; Zoltowski M.K.; Ali Z.S.; Freundlich M.; Pilypaite J.; Clausen N.G.; Toft P.; Thorup L.; Hansen F.; Bestle M.; Hansen C.S.; Afshari A.; Bille A.B.; Lefort M.; Secher E.L.; Liboriussen L.; Herodes V.; HA¤rma E.; Marvet K.; Pool K.; Kallas P.; MA¤gi T.-K.; SA¼tt J.; Vijar K.; Visk E.; Vinnal M.; Ellermaa J.; Liibusk L.; Hovilehto S.; Kirsi A.; Mustola S.; Tiainen P.; Toivonen J.; Dabnell S.; Kaminski T.; Sysimetsa A.; Kaukonen M.; Silvasti P.; Vainio K.; Lund V.; SjAvall S.; Saarinen K.; Viitanen M.; Ahonen T.; AlaspA¤A¤ A.; Zittling R.; Saarinen A.; Moisander A.; Wagner B.; Laru-Sompa R.; Elomaa E.; Lavonen L.; Nevantaus J.; Geier K.; Kavasmaa T.; Koorits U.; Kubjas M.; Lauritsalo S.; Ottelin L.; Palve M.; PynnAnen J.; RA¤A¤bis I.; Saarelainen M.; HeikkilA¤ T.; Kontula T.; LehtimA¤ki M.; Liimatainen J.; Moilanen-Oikarinen M.; Pakarinen M.; Palanne R.; SeppA¤nen H.; Pulkkinen A.; VA¤A¤rA¤niemi H.; Kajaani; Paananen S.; Koskenkari J.; SA¤lkiA S.; Vakkala M.; Koskue T.; Loisa P.; Laitio R.; HautamA¤ki R.; Koivisto S.-P.; Leon A.; Bonnet F.; Marret E.; Spielvogel C.; Papageorgiou C.; Szymkiewicz O.; Tounou-Akue F.; Aubrun F.; Bonnet A.; Gazon M.; Guiraud M.; Laurent V.; Tachon G.; Demars N.; Dumenil A.-S.; Mercier F.J.; Landais A.; Mentec H.; Bazin M.; Futier E.; Gonnu S.; Petit A.; Albaladejo P.; Almeras L.; Rossi-Blancher A.B.M.; Lefrant J.Y.; Barthel F.; Hallel D.; Sbai H.; Khalifeh P.; Lidzborski L.; Jully M.; Platon E.; Pottecher J.; Baumgarten R.; Schultz C.; ElMiloudi F.; Lefebvre J.; Waton K.; Sprunck A.; Steib A.; Thibaud A.; Thuet V.; Kieffer V.; Dubois-Vallaud D.; Jacob L.; Becanne X.; Cherfaoui S.; Gauzit R.; Godier A.; Lakhdari M.; Samma C.M.; Halchini C.; Lacroix M.; Pinna F.; Barbes A.; Just B.; Mateu P.; Benayoun L.; Berger P.; Granier N.; Perrigault P.F.; Libert N.; De Rudnicki S.; Merat S.; Bourdet B.; FerrACopyright F.; Minville V.; Piriou V.; Rague P.; Wallet F.; Lebuffe G.; Desbordes J.; Robin E.; Ichai C.; Orban J.-C.; Gottschalk A.; Piontek A.; Unterberg M.; Hilpert J.; Kees M.; Triltsch A.; Wiegand-LAhnert C.; GlAckner C.; Hohn A.; Rose E.; SchrAder S.; Wiese O.; Awlakpui E.; Hoeft A.; Scheidemann M.; Wittmann M.; Ramminger A.; Dresden C.; de Abreu M.G.; Heller A.R.; Marx C.; Neidel J.; Goldmann A.; von Heymann C.; Laetsch B.; Maahs E.; Scholz L.; Frenzel D.; Massarat K.; Lenhart F.-P.; Reichle F.; Rudlof K.; Borchers F.; Buettner C.; Schmutzler M.; Lucht A.; Wagner J.; Wuppertal H.K.; Pilge S.; Schneider G.; Untergehrer G.; Bis B.; Krassler J.; Dittmann J.; Haberkorn J.; Eberitsch J.; Eberitsch K.; Nippraschk T.; Wepler U.; Engelen W.-C.; Nau C.; Scholler A.; SchA¼ttler J.; Wintzheimer S.; Bloos F.; Braune A.; Fergen D.; Ludewig K.; Paxian M.; Reinhart K.; Graf N.; Schwarzkopf K.; Berger K.; Habicher M.; Kasperiunaite R.; Savelsberg S.; Krep H.; Reindl M.; Bauer W.; Bingold F.; Christ S.; Friederich P.; Kaviani R.; Auer P.; BonnlA¤nder G.; Drescher J.; Braun R.; Eichenauer T.; Kerner J.; Bierbaum K.; BrA¼nner H.; Grond S.; Perez-Platz U.; Andresen B.; Linstedt U.; Stegmann N.; Erkens U.; Kopcke J.; Meyer A.; Brestrich H.; Ernst S.; Merkel S.; Krieger L.; Luers F.; Weyland A.; Noeldge-Schomburg G.; Wasmund C.; Bredtmann R.-D.; Erler I.; Haumann C.; MAllemann A.; Oehmichen U.; Sergejewa O.; Lehning B.; Czeslick E.; Geyer M.; Malcharek M.; Sablotzki A.; Stier M.; Feld F.; Marx G.; Rossaint R.; Simon V.; Armaganidis A.; Kotanidou A.; Nanas S.; Papastylianou A.; Psevdi A.; Stathopoulos A.; Voulas A.; Kanna E.; Koutsikou A.; Moustaka A.; Chovas A.; Komnos A.; Zafiridis T.; Franses J.; Lavrentieva A.; Koraki E.; Katsenos C.; Kasianidou M.F.; Nasopoulou P.; Spyropoulou E.; Gousia C.; Katsanoulas C.; Lathyris D.; Kyriazopoulos G.; Sfyras D.; Tsirogianni A.; Kostopanagiotou G.; Koulenti D.; Lignos M.; Matsota P.; Christopoulos C.; Mouratidou A.; Vrettou E.; Boufidis S.; Moka E.; Arnaoutoglou E.; Koulouras V.; Nakos G.; Papathanakos G.; Anthopoulos G.; Choutas G.; Karapanos D.; Tzani V.; Gkiokas G.; Nastos K.; Nikolakopoulos F.; Dragoumanis C.; Nikitidis N.; Pneumatikos I.; Theodorou V.; Zacharouli D.; Kandi S.; Tasopoulos K.; Arvaniti K.; Matamis D.; Mplougoura E.; Petropoulou P.; Soumpasis I.; Amaniti E.; Giannakou-Peftoulidou M.; Gkeka E.; Soultati I.; Kokinou M.; Papatheodorou L.; Stafylaraki M.; Giasnetsova T.; Gritsi-Gerogianni N.; Kydona C.; Kiskira O.; Koulentis I.; Apsokardos A.; Dimitropoulos K.; Soldatou O.; Nathanail C.; Papazotos A.; Tsakas P.; Clouva-Molyvdas P.-M.; Kolotoura A.; Sartzi M.; Papanikolaou S.; Polakis P.; Karatzas S.; Kyparissi A.; Papavasilopoulou T.; Koukoubani T.; Mastora E.; Nyktari V.; Malliotakis P.; Papaioannou A.; Bekos V.; Maragkou E.; Spring A.; Ioakeimidou S.E.A.; Noulas N.; MolnA¡r Z.; CsA¼llAg E.; Elekes E.; MolnA¡r T.; Katona Z.; Kremer I.; Miko A.; Budapest; Csomos A.; Galambos Z.; Szucs A.; Szekeres G.; Szabo E.; Kranitz K.; Simon M.; Szigeti J.; GaA¡l E.; Havas A.; Ille A.; Miskolc; BrA¡z K.; Nagy G.; Hafeez P.; Hanumanthaiah D.; Brohan J.; O'Chroinin D.; Bailey K.; Ramamoorthy K.G.; Doyle Y.; Freir N.; O'Rourke J.; Jonson P.; Saeed S.; Hayes I.; Loughrey J.; Frohlich S.; McCauley N.; Ryan D.; Fitzpatrick G.; Kevin L.; Thomas J.; Warde B.; Woolhead A.; Duggan M.; Egan C.; Crowley S.; Lebese S.; Bergin A.; Westbrook A.; Page R.; Collins D.; McKenny M.; Bresciani A.; Carmino L.; Ghelfi S.; Lorenzelli L.; Novelli M.T.; Pescarmona C.; Roasio A.; Gatta A.; Nastasi M.; Sanseverino M.; Tinti C.; Bianchin A.; Tormena M.P.; Franco A.; Marini F.; Di Mauro P.; Rapido F.; Tommasino C.; Bellotti F.; Boninsegna D.; Castellani G.; Sances D.; Spano G.; Tredici S.; Vezzoli D.; Fucecchio I.; Bacci A.; Coppini R.; Dell'unto S.; Mori E.; Stanzani M.R.; Tosi M.; Collareta M.; Forfori F.; Franchi M.; Mancino G.; Battistella M.; Baricocchi E.; Bona F.; Debernardi F.; Giacoletto G.; Iacobellis A.; Massucco P.; Moselli N.; Muratore A.; Palomba G.; Sardo E.; Suita L.; Zocca E.; Bucci B.; Corte F.D.; Piciucco T.; Viarengo V.; Cantarini E.; Giampieri M.; Tanfani A.; Recchia E.; Bignami E.; Bruno G.; Costagliola R.; Gandolfi A.; Greco M.; Lembo R.; Monti G.; Nicelli E.; Pasculli N.; Turi S.; Rocca G.D.; Baroselli A.; Brazzoni M.; Buttazzoni M.; Buttera S.; Centonze C.; Serena G.; Spagnesi L.; Toretti I.; Vilardi A.; Zearo E.; Arpino I.; Baraldi S.; Guarnerio C.; Molene V.; Monea M.C.; Vaccarisi E.; Vicari L.; Albante A.; Aversano M.; Loiacono C.; Marandola M.; Fusari M.; Petrucci N.; Galla A.; Mascia A.; Primieri P.; Di Noto A.; Gratarola A.; Molin A.; Pelosi P.; Spagnolo L.; Spena C.; Calligaro P.; Marchiotto S.; Merlini A.; Pedrazzoli E.; Perina G.; Visentin R.; Fumagalli R.; Garbagnati A.; Manetti B.; Snaier C.; Somaini M.; Farnia A.; Nani R.; Pierantonio N.; Grasso S.; Gazzanelli S.; Marandola M.; Pugliese F.; Ruberto F.; Bergamini E.; Tassinati T.; Capuzzo M.; Cirillo V.; Tufano R.; Oggioni R.; Parrini V.; Brunori E.; Capone M.; Carbone L.; Corradetti F.; Elisei D.; Fiorentino S.; Francesconi M.; Gattari D.; Gorgoglione M.; Iacobone E.; Minnucci F.; Montironi C.; Riccioni G.; Tappata G.; Zompanti V.; Verdenelli P.; Cerutti E.; Ranieri V.M.; Grigorjevs S.; Rikmane M.; Rozkalne D.; Stepanovs J.; Suba O.; Golubovska I.; Kazune S.; Miscuk A.; Nemme J.; Oss P.; Sipylaite J.; Macas A.; Ragaisis V.; Kontrimaviciute E.; Tomkute G.; Boerma E.C.; Leeuwarden M.C.; Kramer I.F.; Poeze M.; Maria J.; Pelzer G.; Nijsten M.; Schoorl M.; Spanjersberg R.; Buhre W.; Dieleman S.; van Klei W.A.; Bouw M.; Pickkers P.; Schreiner F.; Zandvliet R.; van den Berg R.; De Wit E.; Keijzer C.; Hollmann M.W.; Preckel B.; van Acker G.J.D.; Dennesen P.J.W.; Kuijpers-Visser A.G.; Inan T.; Gemert A.W.M.M.K.-V.; Ponssen H.H.; Brouwer T.; Koopmans M.; van Bommel J.; van Duijn D.; van der Hoven B.; Ormskerk P.; Beck O.; Schiere S.; Reidinga A.C.; Venema A.; Jammer I.; Dokka V.; Monsen S.A.; Ytrebo L.M.; Noursadeghi M.; Shahzad A.; Boksasp O.D.; Roiss C.; Strietzel H.F.; Berntsen A.G.S.; Haugland H.; Vingsnes S.O.; Axelsson P.; Risom Olsen T.C.; Katre S.; Aakeroey K.; Tamowicz B.; Bozilow D.; Goch R.; Grabowski P.; Kupisiak J.; Mallek M.; Szyca R.; Kostyrka W.; Choma R.; Jankowski G.; Koscielniak W.; Pietraszek P.; Szarowar B.; FranA§a C.; Lacerda A.P.; Ormonde L.; Rosa R.; Pereira I.; Vitor P.; Bento H.C.; Carvalho M.R.L.M.; Faria M.; Almeida E.; Mealha R.; Vicente R.; Monte R.; Rua F.; Barros N.; Esteves F.; Pinheiro C.M.G.; Real V.; Oliveira V.M.; Oliveira M.F.; Martins I.; Saraiva J.P.; AssunA§A£o J.P.; BA¡rtolo A.; Carvalho A.; Correia C.; Martins S.; Milheiro R.; Diaz A.; GonA§alves M.I.; Ribeiro R.; Estilita J.; GlAria C.; de Almeida J.; Barros F.; Ramos A.; Camara M.; Maul E.R.; Nobrega J.; Langner A.; Maia D.F.; Afonso O.; Faria F.; Serra S.; Botelho M.M.; Ferreira P.; MourA£o L.; Oliveira A.V.; Resende M.; Aleman M.; Fonseca J.; Isidoro M.; de Meneses H.; PAªgas A.; Pereira J.; Pereira L.; Ramos B.; Matos F.; Matos R.; de Lurdes GonA§alves Castro M.; Martins A.; Ramos C.; de Sousa M.; Bento L.; Botas C.; Lopes V.; Mendes R.; Blaj M.; Damian M.; Lupusoru A.; Ristescu I.; Codreanu M.; Diaconescu C.; Nistor A.; Stelian D.S.; Streanga L.; Berneanu M.; Bordeianu C.; Florenta C.; Iacob A.; Lupu M.N.; Mocanu I.; Moraru C.; Meran C.; Nicolae B.; Sandu M.; Turcanu R.; Epure F.; Grigore M.; Hotaranu C.; Popescu N.; Baban O.; Baciu M.; Ciobanu A.; Maftei I.; Moldovan I.; Ungureanu L.; Bogdan P.; Corneci D.; Dinu M.; Madalina D.; Rely M.; Silvius N.; Tomescu D.; Gabriela D.; Dinescu S.A.; Calin M.; Ionescu D.; Margarit S.; Vasian H.; Albu C.; Balasa C.; Cadrigati A.; Dragulescu D.; Gavra L.; Hentia C.; Macarie C.; Manescu M.; Nediglea I.; Ocica D.; Ovidiu B.; Papurica M.; Plavat C.; Popa C.; Ramneantu M.; Sandesc D.; Sandici Z.; Sarandan M.; Belciu I.; Tincu E.; Aignatoaie M.; Huzuneanu M.; Cocu S.; Hagau N.; Ciubotaru R.; Copotoiu S.-M.; Copotoiu R.; Ioana G.; Kovacs J.; Leonard A.; Szederjesi I.; Genoveva V.; Mosnegutu S.; Djordjevic D.; Djordjevic B.; Grujic K.; Jovanovic D.; Obradovic J.; Zeba S.; Jevdjic J.; Miletic M.; Zunic F.; Bulasevic A.; Brko R.; Gazibegovic N.; Kendrisic M.; Vojinovic R.; CapkovA¡ J.; Firment J.; Grochova M.; Trenkler S.; Griger M.; Zahorec R.; Bakosova E.; Kvasnica M.; Saniova B.; Sulaj M.; Zacharovska A.; Simkova A.; CA­kovA¡ A.; Gebhardtova A.; HanuljakovA¡ S.; Koutun J.; MartonovA¡ A.; A½ilincA¡rovA¡ V.; Galkova K.; Krbila S.; Sobona V.; Ocenasova M.; Novak-Jankovic V.; Stecher A.; Stivan F.; Grynyuk A.; Damjanovska M.; Kostadinov I.; Knezevic M.; Malivojevic M.; Borovsak Z.; Kamenik M.; MekiA¡ D.; KapA¡ S.O.; Aleksic D.; Gerjevic B.; Kalan K.; Ursic T.; Artigas A.; Garcia A.; Lisi A.; Perez I.; Perez G.; Poch N.; Vaquer S.; Balciscueta G.; Barrasa H.; Cabanes S.; Maynar J.; Poveda Y.; Rodero A.Q.; Vallejo A.; Duque P.; Garcia-Bunger B.; Elvira M.A.; Lajara A.M.; Palencia M.; Ramos R.; Fernandez A.S.; LeAn J.P.T.; LApez J.I.; Murillo F.J.Y.; Ramirez E.T.; Rico P.U.; Patricia M.; VizcaA­no M.; Alvarez M.J.B.; Real K.P.; Serra A.M.; Aracil N.; Bodega B.M.; GarcA­a R.F.; GarcA­a M.A.; de la Quintana Gordon B.; JodrA¡ A.G.; LApez A.D.S.; Ros J.J.L.; Soto R.A.; SepAºlveda I.; DA­ez E.P.; FernA¡ndez L.F.; Gulina C.S.; Arviza L.P.; Fernandez L.M.; GAmez A.R.; MartA­nez C.A.; RodrA­guez A.B.R.; Soto C.L.; Aldecoa C.; Garcia C.; Lorenzo M.; Pinilla E.; Rico J.; Ruperez I.; Alonso E.; Leira F.; Maseda D.P.E.; Royo C.; Villagran J.; Candi G.M.; Esteva G.E.; Folgado R.M.; Fornaguera N.J.; Montse P.C.; Prat A.S.; Sintes D.; Arteta D.A.; Delgado H.G.; LApez-Cuervo J.F.; LApez M.C.; RamA­rez A.; SaldaA+/-a F.J.; Aliste P.; Anchuelo A.H.; Campos A.G.; CatalA¡n M.; GAmez M.G.; Gonzalaez O.G.; LApez E.L.; Navacerrada I.R.; de Quevedo S.A.; Serrano M.G.; Silvestre F.P.-C.; Torrente F.M.; Arocas B.; Martinez E.P.; Soro M.; Maroto F.; Algarra R.R.; Aleixandre I.S.; Argente G.R.; LleA A.B.; Rubio A.V.; SA¡nchez J.L.V.; ValcA¡rcel I.E.; Balust C.; Balust J.; Borrat X.; Carretero M.J.; Gracia I.; Matute P.; Mercadal J.; Pujol R.; Tena B.; Ubre M.; Albalad D.D.; Alcaide C.M.; Caballero J.; Cervantes A.C.; de Nadal Clanchet M.; Estruch N.M.; Ferrer M.B.; Fornells A.L.; Galera E.T.; Martinez I.G.; MuA+/-oz S.M.; Pelavski A.; Perez P.T.; Posada M.A.G.; de Prat I.C.; Rello J.; Serrano L.G.; Sieiro J.M.N.; Silva L.; Sole M.J.C.; SuA+/-ACopyright A.B.; Villach I.R.; Herreras J.I.G.; Poves R.; Rafael B.M.; Almeida I.M.; Collates A.F.; BartolomACopyright M.J.; Cimadevilla B.; GonzA¡lez A.M.G.; Llevot J.M.R.; de TerA¡n Mira J.C.D.; Molina B.G.; Pardo S.; SA¡nchez C.L.; Williams M.; Zaldibar E.; Corsini L.M.; Fraile J.R.R.; de la Lastra M.; Sacramento M.K.; SaA+/-a F.J.L.; Alvarez J.T.; Bulnes M.L.C.; Carrasco V.G.; del RocA­o MA­guez Crespo M.; Cubillos D.N.; Laza E.L.; del Pino Heredia PACopyrightrez M.; Seisdedos A.A.; Torres B.F.; Ampuero M.S.; Llano M.C.; Mata E.; Munoz M.; Orts M.; Planas A.; Ramasco F.; Roman C.; DurA¡n M.V.; del RA­o Fernandez S.; Otero Y.S.; Pineiro S.L.; Pardal C.B.; Alcantud J.F.; Antolinos M.A.; Barrios F.; Casanova A.C.; Castro M.R.; Crespo B.I.; Felipe U.L.; Fuster M.L.; GarcA­a M.S.; Garrote B.H.; Gonzalez R.M.; Granero M.J.M.; de la GuA­a C.L.; LApez R.C.; de Frutos LApez S.; Martinez J.J.M.; Mostaza A.G.; Moreno A.J.; Osado I.R.; PACopyrightrez M.R.; PiA+/-a M.A.; Romero C.A.; RodrA­guez E.R.; Salvan J.H.; Sampedro M.G.; de la Torre P.A.; Toro J.P.; UnzAºe C.L.; Vargas M.J.; Bernal D.G.; Echevarria M.; Iglesias A.U.; Loza A.; Morillo A.R.; Serrano P.D.; Sevilla F.C.B.; Cacho E.; CalderAn R.; Dufur M.; Marginet C.; Monedero P.; Yepes M.J.; Alvarez L.R.; Carballal F.F.; CastiA+/-eiras A.P.; GarcA­a P.D.; LApez L.R.; Maceiras P.R.; Puente M.S.M.; Rilo M.T.R.; Alonso A.E.T.; FernA¡ndez S.R.; GarcA­a R.O.; GarcA­a A.P.; Puentes R.B.; Aguado D.N.; Carballo C.L.; Fernandez R.F.; Presedo A.T.; de Rabago R.B.D.; Velasco A.R.; Capel Y.J.; CortACopyrights A.F.; GarcA­a E.M.; Gimeno L.M.; Klamburg J.; Omedas R.C.; NAºA+/-ez M.G.; Maristany C.L.; Ruiz E.M.; Artigas X.; CastrillAn S.; Espinosa N.; Gomez-Caro A.M.; Illa S.; India I.; MartA­n-Huerta B.; Moral V.; Moreno M.; FernA¡ndez C.I.; GarcA­a V.F.; HernA¡ndez P.P.; Checa A.A.H.; Diaz D.S.; Noguera M.L.; Varela I.P.; GonzA¡lez Gallego M.A.; GarcA­a O.M.; Irujo J.J.A.; Perrino C.G.; Picazo J.R.; Timoneda F.L.; Arroyo M.M.; Blanco I.A.; Borja M.M.; Burcio S.M.; Castro N.M.; CerdeiriA+/-a A.P.; de la Torre Concostrina M.; Cristina M.V.; DA­az T.D.; Esteruelas J.A.; Ingelmo I.I.; Insuga P.D.; Llamas E.C.; Lopez J.J.M.; MartA­n M.B.; MartA­n E.E.; Mesa E.U.; Monterde M.L.; Montoiro P.A.; MAstoles M.L.G.; Olarte E.V.; PACopyrightrez A.M.; Perez F.D.; Romero A.S.; Rous D.P.; Ruiz N.M.; Ruiz J.A.P.; Saiz A.R.; de la Vega Terol A.; Toha A.C.; Utrera F.A.; Alberdi F.; ElAsegui I.; GarcA­a J.; Garde P.M.; Mintegui E.I.; SA¡ez I.G.; Salas E.; Zabarte M.; Diaz-Boladeras R.-M.; Mora-Guevara E.; Zamora J.F.; Bonet A.; Salo L.; Salinas U.; Zaballos J.M.; Alvarez A.A.; Garrido C.J.; Roa J.R.H.; Vidal F.G.; Garcia-Egea J.; Elson M.Z.; Seron-Arbeloa C.; Asensio M.A.M.; SimeAn R.G.; Alameda L.E.M.; Angulo G.O.; Aranzubia M.; Arcas J.J.; Arevalo J.; Belvert B.Q.; Calvo C.P.; Cremades M.; Crespo P.; Cuarental A.; Del Olmo M.; FernA¡ndez P.T.; Vega J.L.F.G.I.G.; Herrera E.; Llorente M.A.A.; Rabes C.M.; de Maeyer A.G.; Marquez M.P.; Mendoza D.L.; MuA+/-oz J.M.M.; MartA­nez N.A.; Oviedo A.S.; Garrigues P.B.; Inigo J.A.; Ferrandiz S.T.; Sanchez-Morcillo S.; SA¡nchez M.L.; Parra A.M.; Vidal S.G.; AlluACopyright R.M.; Etayo B.Z.; Rodriguez R.B.; Villen L.M.; Jimenez C.M.; de Zayas R.S.; Moreno C.D.; Pacheco F.S.; Pascual J.L.A.; Gude F.T.; Riestra E.M.; Delgado F.C.; de la Torre Prados M.V.; Barrios J.; Cervera-Montes M.; GarcA­a-Sanz M.; GarcA­a V.; Sanmiguel G.; Alvaro J.L.; Barrachima B.B.; Bermejo F.J.R.; Garcia A.G.F.P.M.; RamA­rez C.N.; Ramos J.G.; Samaniego L.A.; Belenguer-Muncharaz A.; FerrA¡ndiz-Selles A.; Mateu-Campos M.-L.; DomA­nguez D.; Espinosa E.; LeAn T.; Betancor N.O.; Canalechevarria A.M.; Novales B.F.; PeA+/-a J.M.G.; Delgado T.R.; Roquerio B.S.; Sainz J.J.G.; Soto T.T.; Dahm P.; HergAs H.O.; Lundborg C.; Seeman-Lodding H.; SAndergaard S.; Rylander C.; Sari F.; Tibblin A.O.; Adolfsson A.; Klarin B.; Schrey S.; Chew M.S.; Merisson E.; RydACopyrightn J.; Divander M.B.; Hedin A.; Hedlund D.; Lindkvist M.A.; Jawad M.; Layous L.; Wernerman J.; BjArne H.; BrattstrAm O.; Olheden S.; Oldner A.; Sellden E.; Walder B.; Wickboldt N.; Rossi A.; Steiner L.; Djurdjevic M.; Lussmann R.; Geisen M.; Hofer C.; Turina M.; Everett L.; Harris K.; Wright M.; Adams D.; Alderson L.; Baker J.; Christie I.; Ferguson C.; Hill M.; Holmes K.; Hutton A.; Porter A.; Struthers R.; Akotia N.; Belhaj A.; Chang S.; Collantes E.; Eigener K.; Husband M.; Khan A.; Kong M.-L.; McAlees E.J.; MacDonald N.; Niebrzegowska E.; Parnell W.; Smith A.; Chhatwal A.; Jhingan S.; Muswell R.; Poon Y.; Singh N.; Stephens R.; Vasan R.; Waife N.; Weda T.; Clarke A.; Szakmany T.; Fletcher S.; Rosbergen M.; Blunt M.; Prince L.; Wong K.; Goldhill D.; Kumar R.; Stilwell S.; Couper K.; Crooks N.; Gao-Smith F.; Melody T.; Snaith C.; Patel J.; Parekh D.; Yeung J.; Loughnan B.; Moosajee V.; Rope T.; Edger L.; Dawson J.; Hadfield D.; Hopkins P.; McDonald L.; Willars C.; Craig J.; Smith A.; Ladipo K.; Lockwood G.; Moreno J.; Ballington R.; Hamandishe S.; Rogerson D.; Cowman S.; Hayden P.; Sandhar T.; Arawwawala D.; Brotherston L.; Mitchell-Inwang C.; Walsh H.; Alagarsamy F.; Goon S.; Karcheva S.; Krepska A.; McKinney B.; Patil V.; Batchelor N.; Day C.; Finch L.; Gibson C.; Grayling M.; Hubble S.; Key W.; Knight T.; Loosley A.; Margetts P.; Stewart H.; Bewley J.; Hurley K.; Murphy R.; Philpott C.; Pollock K.; Sweet K.; Thomas M.; Tucker K.; Windsor D.; Conway D.; Gold S.; Quraishi T.; Cupitt J.; Baddeley S.; Brown J.D.; Foo I.; Mantle D.; Carvalho P.; Huddart S.; Kirk-Bayley J.; Smith R.-L.; Milligan L.; Poulose S.; Sarkar S.; Nolan J.; Pedley E.; Padkin A.; Pesian S.; Rajamanickam S.; Ramkumar K.; Thomas J.; Crayford A.; Turner A.; Bottrill F.; Webb S.; J

Experimental Predictions of The Functional Response of A Freshwater Fish

The functional response is the relationship between the feeding rate of an animal and its food density. It is reliant on two basic parameters; the volume searched for prey per unit time (searching rate) and the time taken to consume each prey item (handling time). As fish functional responses can be difficult to determine directly, it may be more feasible to measure their underlying behavioural parameters in controlled conditions and use these to predict the functional response. Here, we tested how accurately a Type II functional response model predicted the observed functional response of roach Rutilus rutilus, a visually foraging fish, and compared it with Type I functional response. Foraging experiments were performed by exposing fish in tank aquaria to a range of food densities, with their response captured using a two-camera videography system. This system was validated and was able to accurately measure fish behaviour in the aquaria, and enabled estimates of fish reaction distance, swimming speed (from which searching rate was calculated) and handling time to be measured. The parameterised Type II functional response model accurately predicted the observed functional response and was superior to the Type I model. These outputs suggest it will be possible to accurately measure behavioural parameters in other animal species and use these to predict the functional response in situations where it cannot be observed directly

SARS-CoV-2 infection and venous thromboembolism after surgery: an international prospective cohort study

none5201siSARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri-operative or prior SARS-CoV-2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub-study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as peri-operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1-6 weeks before surgery); previous (&gt;= 7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre-operative anti-coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2; 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri-operative SARS-CoV-2; 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2; and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri-operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1-2.0)) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2-3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9-3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30-day mortality (5.4 (95%CI 4.3-6.7)). In patients with SARS-CoV-2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri-operative or recent SARS-CoV-2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly.Nepogodiev D.; Simoes J.F.F.; Li E.; Picciochi M.; Glasbey J.C.; Baiocchi G.; Blanco-Colino R.; Chaudhry D.; AlAmeer E.; El-Boghdadly K.; Wuraola F.; Ghosh D.; Gujjuri R.R.; Harrison E.M.; Lule H.; Kaafarani H.; Khosravi M.; Kronberger I.; Leventoglu S.; Mann H.; Mclean K.A.; Mengesha M.G.; Modolo M.M.; Ntirenganya F.; Norman L.; Outani O.; Pius R.; Pockney P.; Qureshi A.U.; Roslani A.C.; Satoi S.; Shaw C.; Bhangu A.; Omar O.M.; Ahmed W.-U.-R.; Argus L.; Ball A.; Bywater E.P.; Brar A.; Dawson B.E.; Duran I.; Elhadi M.; Jones C.S.; Kamarajah S.K.; Keatley J.M.; Lawday S.; Marson E.J.; Ots R.; Santos I.; Taylor E.H.; Trout I.M.; Varghese C.; Venn M.L.; Xu W.; Dajti I.; Gjata A.; Kacimi S.E.O.; Boccalatte L.; Cox D.; Townend P.; Aigner F.; Kronberger I.E.; Samadov E.; Alderazi A.; Hossain K.; Padmore G.; van Ramshorst G.; Lawani I.; Cerovac A.; Delibegovic S.; Gomes G.M.A.; Buarque I.L.; Gohar M.; Slavchev M.; Nwegbu C.; Agarwal A.; Martin J.; Ng-Kamstra J.; Olivos M.; Lou W.; Ren D.-L.; Calvache J.A.; Perez Rivera C.J.; Hadzibegovic A.D.; Kopjar T.; Mihanovic J.; Jimenez P.M.A.; Gouvas N.; Klat J.; Novysedlak R.; Amisi N.; Christensen P.; El-Hussuna A.; Batista S.; Lincango-Naranjo E.; Emile S.; Sandoval D.A.A.; Dhufera H.; Hailu S.; Mengesha M.G.; Kauppila J.H.; Arnaud A.P.; Demetrashvili Z.; Albertsmeier M.; Lederhuber H.; Loffler M.W.; Acquah D.K.; Ofori B.; Tabiri S.; Metallidis S.; Tsoulfas G.; Aguilera-Arevalo M.-L.; Recinos G.; Mersich T.; Wettstein D.; Kembuan G.; Milan P.B.; Khosravi M.H.; Mozafari M.; Hilmi A.; Mohan H.; Zmora O.; Gallo G.; Pata F.; Pellino G.; Fujimoto Y.; Kuroda N.; Abou Chaar M.K.; Ayasra F.; Fakhradiyev I.; Hamdun I.H.S.; Jin-Young J.; Jamal M.; Karout L.; Gulla A.; Rasoaherinomenjanahary F.; Samison L.H.; Sanchez I.I.D.; Gonzalez D.S.; Martinez L.; Martinez M.J.; Nayen A.; la Medina A.R.-D.; Nunez J.; Nashidengo P.R.; Shah R.; Shrestha A.L.; Jonker P.; Kruijff S.; Noltes M.; Steinkamp P.; Wright D.; Abdur-Rahman L.; Ademuyiwa A.; Adisa A.; Osinaike B.; Seyi-Olajide J.; Williams O.; Williams E.; Pejkova S.; Al Balushi Z.; Sayyed R.; Mohsen M.A.; Abukhalaf S.A.; Cukier M.; Gomez-Fernandez H.; Yip S.S.; Ojeda X.P.V.; Sacdalan M.D.; Major P.; Azevedo J.; Cunha M.F.; Zarour A.; Bonci E.-A.; Negoi I.; Efetov S.; Kochetkov V.; Litvin A.; Ingabire J.A.; Bucyibaruta G.; Faustin N.; Habumuremyi S.; Imanishimwe A.; de Dieu H.J.; Munyaneza E.; Ncogoza I.; Ndong A.; Radenkovic D.; Chew M.H.; Koh F.; Ngu J.; Panyko A.; Bele U.; Kosir J.A.; Daoud H.; Bravo A.M.M.; Jayarajah U.; Wickramasinghe D.; Adam M.E.A.E.; Rutegard M.; Sund M.; Adamina M.; Gialamas E.; Horisberger K.; Alshaar M.; Huang A.; Lohsiriwat V.; Charles S.; Jlassi H.; Isik A.; Lekuya H.M.; Kopetskyi S.; Alsaadi H.; Alshryda S.; Alser O.; Bankhead-Kendall B.; Breen K.; Mashbari H.; Cal F.B.; Al-Naggar H.; Maimbo M.; Mazingi D.; Abbott T.; Akhbari M.; Benson R.; Bhanderi S.; Biccard B.; Caruana E.; Chakrabortee S.; Chapatwala R.; Costas-Chavarri A.; Demetriades A.K.; Desai A.; Di Saverio S.; Drake T.; Edwards J.; Evans J.; Fiore M.; Ford S.; Fotopoulou C.; Fowler A.; Futaba K.; Ganly I.; James H.G.; Griffiths E.; Gronchi A.; Hutchinson P.; Hyman G.Y.; Incorvia J.; Jain R.; Jenkinson M.; Khan T.; Knight S.R.; Kolias A.; Kudsk-Iversen S.; Kwan T.Y.; Leung E.; Mayol J.; McKay S.; Meara J.G.; Mills E.; Moug S.; Patel A.; Perinotti R.; Rice H.E.; Roberts K.; Schache A.; Shaw R.; Smart N.; Stephens M.; Stewart G.D.; Teasdale E.; Vaughan-Shaw P.; Vidya R.; Wright N.; Zimmelman N.; Agastra E.; Thereska D.; Lucchini S.M.; Laudani V.; Chwat C.; Salazar I.I.P.; Pachajoa D.A.P.; Duro A.; Arancibia J.A.C.; D'Aulerio G.; Dudi-Venkata N.; Egoroff N.; Farik S.; Lott N.; Moss J.-L.; Rennie S.; Tan L.; Vo U.G.; Watson D.; Watters D.; Bright T.; Hollington P.; Zhou X.; Kroon H.M.; Farfus A.; Barker J.; Watson E.; Stevens S.; Latif H.; Dawson A.C.; Chuan A.; Muralidharan V.; Wong E.; Ackermann T.; Pacilli M.; Hodgson R.; Heriot A.; Choong P.; Brown W.; Lidder S.; Yeung J.; Traeger L.; Regalo G.; Gourlay R.; Badiani S.; Koh C.; Putnis S.; Haider F.; Mitul A.R.; Komen N.; Dhondt B.; Cappeliez S.; Pigeolet M.; Schoneveld M.; Stijns J.; Oosterlinck W.; Flamey N.; Kpangon C.; Agbadebo M.; Tobome S.R.; Barros A.V.; Junior S.A.; do Amaral Campos H.G.; Gross J.; Coimbra F.J.F.; Kowalski L.P.; Makdissi F.; Nakagawa S.; Neto J.P.D.; Vartanian J.G.; Yazbek G.; Zequi S.C.; Flumignan R.; Jaworska N.; Dell A.; Shanthanna H.; Behzadi A.; Nessim C.; Mozel M.; St-germain P.; Russell C.; Groot G.; Safieddine N.; Wijeysundera D.; Eskander A.; Chadi S.; MacKenzie S.; Flexman A.; Heredia F.; Villanueva J.; Waissbluth S.; Macchiavello R.; Escudero M.I.; Fuentes T.; Mimica X.; Saenz D.B.; Caicedo L.; Alzate J.P.; Luna J.; Alonso N.F.P.; Silva C.O.; Rodriguez J.; Silva-Igua L.; Torres M.L.; Trujillo L.M.; Calvache A.J.N.; Balanta-Melo J.; Figueroa-Casanova R.; Garcia-Montoya O.-J.; Toro C.A.M.; Botero M.V.; Arango M.C.M.; Martinez E.D.; Perdomo V.G.; Montenegro E.; Rodriguez-Abreu J.; Mejia D.; Abouelnagah G.; Shehata S.; Rida A.H.E.F.; Hassan R.A.; Saad M.M.; Loaloa M.R.; Mostafa B.; Qassem M.; Fahmy M.; Abozied H.; Azzam A.Y.; Ghozy S.; Sallam A.; Shehta A.; Abdelkhalek M.; Samaka R.; Morsy A.; Sherif A.E.; Negussie A.; Fisseha T.; Shumbash K.; Abebe M.; Yasin S.M.; Akililu Y.B.; Megersa A.; Tefera T.; Assefa M.; Atnafu B.; Tsegaye B.; Bezabih Y.S.; Sisay S.; Bekele K.; Jira M.; Derilo H.; Degefa E.; Tadesse A.; Nidaw M.; Sarjanoja E.; Testelin S.; Boucher S.; Jouffret L.; Lakkis Z.; Le Bian A.Z.; Harper L.; des Deserts M.D.; Andre B.; Slim K.; Verhaeghe R.; Police A.; Girard E.; Chebaro A.; Nkembi A.S.; Arnalsteen L.; Ballouhey Q.; Mege D.; Jeandel C.; Duchalais E.; Bouche P.-A.; Manceau G.; Cretolle C.; Hervieux E.; Girard N.; Seguin-Givelet A.; Gaujoux S.; De Simone B.; Boisson M.; Bergeat D.; Fredon F.; Nappi F.; Kassir R.; Scalabre A.; Migliorelli F.; Ezanno A.-C.; Seeliger B.; Vaysse C.; Charbonneau H.; Misrai V.; Abbo O.; Angeles M.A.; Brunaud L.; Modabber A.; Wolf S.; Kamphues C.; Hohn P.; Glowka T.R.; Rokohl A.C.; Bork U.; Fluegen G.; Horch R.E.; Schmedding A.; Schnitzbauer A.; Eberbach H.; Schlager D.; Spelsberg F.; Keppler L.; Hecker A.; Wolfer S.; Ronellenfitsch U.; Nitschke C.; Peiper C.; Hakami I.; Welter S.; Nikolaieva K.; Roth A.; Lindert J.; Gousias K.; Rissmann A.; Linz V.C.; Rahbari N.; Rassweiler-Seyfried M.-C.; Gut A.E.; Gempt J.; Reim D.; Wagner A.; Keppler A.M.; Stoleriu M.G.; Saier T.; Stadler J.; Kaiser J.C.; Brunner S.M.; Pfister K.; Herzberg J.; Nowak K.; Reinhard T.; Stavrou G.A.; Konigsrainer A.; Konrads C.; Quante M.; Laban S.; von Pusch S.; Hirschburger M.; Doerner J.; Wiegering A.; Tampaki E.C.; Ruiz A.G.; Rodas A.; Portilla A.L.; Carrera J.; Duarte A.B.; Lowey M.; Barillas S.; Suroy A.; Vaishnav D.; Chowdappa R.G.; Madabhavi I.; Bhat D.; Venkatappa S.K.; Thakar S.; Jain K.; Kumar A.; Nagar M.; Mishra T.; Sekar A.; Gupta A.; Kaman L.; Karthigeyan M.; Tripathi M.; Rammohan A.; Vayoth S.O.; Rajanbabu A.; Subbian A.; Gupta R.; Raut M.; Evelyn N.; Kannaiyan R.L.; Matai A.; Misra S.; Bhende V.; Muthu S.; Ghosh I.; Sharma A.; Bajaj A.; Rajan S.; Agarwal G.; Pawar P.; Alexander P.; Vijayakumar M.V.; Hameed Z.; Badareesh L.; Chaudhry N.K.; Baliarsing L.; Dharap S.; Kulkarni A.; Thyavihally Y.; Sharma R.D.; Pramesh C.S.; Soni R.; Dube S.K.; Sharma S.; Singh H.; Bains L.; Ghodke R.; Kumar A.; Sodhai V.; Maji S.; Basu S.; Mahakalkar C.; Kannan R.; Mehraj A.; Ranganath N.; Phadnis A.; Yadev I.; Kavalakat A.; Mittal R.; Vallam K.C.; Akhavizadegan H.; Maleki E.R.; Kandevani N.Y.; Ikele H.; McNestry C.; Fleming C.; O'Brien S.; Elwahab S.A.; Davis N.; Javadpour M.; McDonnell B.; Connor C.O.; Bolger J.; Clancy C.; Croghan S.M.; Donlon N.; Cullinane C.; Creavin B.; Muheilan M.; Earley H.; Kabir S.M.U.; Fahadullah M.; Ryan E.; Connelly T.; Hashimoto D.; Alqudah M.A.; Alajalen A.; Omari R.Y.; Qasem A.; 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Different carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules proxy compounds select distinct bacterioplankton for oxidation of dissolved organic matter in the mesopelagic Sargasso Sea

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Liu, S., Parsons, R., Opalk, K., Baetge, N., Giovannoni, S., Bolanos, L. M., Kujawinski, E. B., Longnecker, K., Lu, Y., Halewood, E., & Carlson, C. A. Different carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules proxy compounds select distinct bacterioplankton for oxidation of dissolved organic matter in the mesopelagic Sargasso Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, (2020), doi:10.1002/lno.11405.Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) varies in its recalcitrance to rapid microbial degradation. DOM of varying recalcitrance can be exported from the ocean surface to depth by subduction or convective mixing and oxidized over months to decades in deeper seawater. Carboxyl‐rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) are characterized as a major component of recalcitrant DOM throughout the oceanic water column. The oxidation of CRAM‐like compounds may depend on specific bacterioplankton lineages with oxidative enzymes capable of catabolizing complex molecular structures like long‐chain aliphatics, cyclic alkanes, and carboxylic acids. To investigate the interaction between bacteria and CRAM‐like compounds, we conducted microbial remineralization experiments using several compounds rich in carboxyl groups and/or alicyclic rings, including deoxycholate, humic acid, lignin, and benzoic acid, as proxies for CRAM. Mesopelagic seawater (200 m) from the northwest Sargasso Sea was used as media and inoculum and incubated over 28 d. All amendments demonstrated significant DOC removal (2–11 μmol C L−1) compared to controls. Bacterioplankton abundance increased significantly in the deoxycholate and benzoic acid treatments relative to controls, with fast‐growing Spongiibacteracea, Euryarcheaota, and slow‐growing SAR11 enriched in the deoxycholate treatment and fast‐growing Alteromonas, Euryarcheaota, and Thaumarcheaota enriched in the benzoic acid treatment. In contrast, bacterioplankton grew slower in the lignin and humic acid treatments, with oligotrophic SAR202 becoming significantly enriched in the lignin treatment. Our results indicate that the character of the CRAM proxy compounds resulted in distinct bacterioplankton removal rates of DOM and affected specific lineages of bacterioplankton capable of responding.We thank Z. Landry for the inspiring idea of SAR202 catabolism of CRAM. We thank the University of California, Santa Barbara Marine Science Institute Analytical Laboratory for analyzing inorganic nutrient samples. We thank C. Johnson for her help in FISH sample processing and BATS group in supporting our project. We thank N. K. Rubin‐Saika and R. Padula for their help with amino acid sample preparation. We thank Z. Liu, J. Xue, K. Lu, and Y. Shen for their help with amino acid protocol development and validation. We thank B. Stephens for his help on microscopic image analysis. We thank M. Dasenko and the staff of the CGRB at Oregon State University for amplicon library preparation and DNA sequencing. We are grateful for the help provided by the officers and crews of the R/V Atlantic Explorer. Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) provides us tremendous support in terms of facilities and lab space. We thank Bermuda government for its allowance of our water sampling and sample export (export permit number SP160904, issued 07 October 2016 under the Fisheries Act, 1972). This project was supported by Simons Foundation International's BIOS‐SCOPE program

Nuclear magnetic resonance probes for the Kondo scenario for the 0.7 feature in semiconductor quantum point contact devices

We propose a probe based on nuclear relaxation and Knight shift measurements for the Kondo scenario for the "0.7 feature" in semiconductor quantum point contact (QPC) devices. We show that the presence of a bound electron in the QPC would lead to a much higher rate of nuclear relaxation compared to nuclear relaxation through exchange of spin with conduction electrons. Furthermore, we show that the temperature dependence of this nuclear relaxation is very non-monotonic as opposed to the linear-T relaxation from coupling with conduction electrons. We present a qualitative analysis for the additional relaxation due to nuclear spin diffusion (NSD) and study the extent to which NSD affects the range of validity of our method. The conclusion is that nuclear relaxation, in combination with Knight shift measurements, can be used to verify whether the 0.7 feature is indeed due to the presence of a bound electron in the QPC.Comment: Published version. Appears in a Special Section on the 0.7 Feature and Interactions in One-Dimensional Systems. 16 page

Nitrogen fertilization of wheat no-till planted in alfalfa stubble

Conservation tillage practices significantly reduce soil erosion, improve water distribution, and decrease environmental concerns in furrow-irrigated fields. Developing optimum N fertilization practices after legumes in these systems will help their adoption. We conducted three field studies on a silt loam soil to determine if N fertilizer is required for furrow-irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planted in herbicide killed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stubble. Fall regrowth of alfalfa was sprayed with a mixture of 1 qt glyphosphate and 2 qt 2,4-D/acre. `Stephens', a soft white winter wheat was planted with a double disk opener drill in two experiments and 'Bronze Chief', a hard red spring wheat in a third experiment. Nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) was spring broadcast at four rates from 0 to 200 or 240 lb N/acre. The buried plastic bag technique estimated available N (EAN); above ground whole plant samples estimated root zone nitrate-N; and grain plot yields estimated with a combine. Nitrogen fertilization increased grain yield in all experiments because sufficient N had not mineralized from soil and legume residues before uptake needs of the wheat. The wheat plant at the soft dough growth stage contained about 109 lb N/acre from N mineralized from soil and legume residue sources. The apparent N fertilizer recovery calculated by a combined regression relationship between N uptake and fertilizer rates was 76%. The average plant recovery of mineralized N at maximum grain yields was calculated at 78%. Crops planted in herbicide killed alfalfa should be selected so sufficient nitrate-N can accumulate from mineralization before maximum crop uptake and for N uptake ability in late summer. Nitrogen fertilizer applications should be based on a spring soil test for nitrate-N in this no-till system. Both practices will reduce the potential for nitrate-N leaching losses