Discourse Semantics for the Analysis of Change in Language

This paper purports to elaborate and address several issues which lie at the intersection of computational linguistics and psychology. The first issue addressed is that of the interaction between discourse and semantics by virtue of empirical linguistic and psychotherapeutic evidence. This paper then gives a formal account of the knowledge representation and reasoning processes involved in the construction of an XML knowledge base for use in the sematic analysis of psychotherapeutic transcripts. Computational methods for the automatic mark-up and inference of the psychotherapeutic phenomena under investigation are detailed in order to further develop intuitions behind a particular pragmatic theory of language known as the Metamodel. The work presented here ultimately aims to produce a sustainable system for the evaluation of the effectiveness of any given psychotherapeutic technique. The possibility exists for such a system to recognise successful therapeutic mechanisms and further still, to infer new ones, or suggest improvements, or offer novel explanations as to the success or failure of the therapy itself. The work discussed here stems from research in computational linguistics, psychotherapy, and philosophy. The corpus used is a culmination of client transcripts taken before, during, and after therapy. The particular therapeutic technique used here is known as the Metamodel (Bandler and Grinder, 1975). The Metamodel was originally proffered as a method of language analysis suitable for use by practitioners of any psychotherapeutic technique. It theorises that speech utterances are related to a clients deep structure through three primary mechanisms, namely generalisation, deletion, and distortion. Previous hand tagging of our data has proven support for such claims. It is our aim to automate the identification and reasoning process. The issues and processes involved in the automation of such tagging are discussed here. Architectural and philosophical issues relating syntax (or grammar), semantics (Larson and Segal, 1995), and pragmatics (Grice, 1989; Searle, 1969) are raised. Discourse Representation Theory (Kamp, 1981; Asher and Lascarides, 1995) is discussed and used here in order to infer discourse relations.Hosted by the Scholarly Text and Imaging Service (SETIS), the University of Sydney Library, and the Research Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences (RIHSS), the University of Sydney

A comparison of solutions of Kepler's and Lambert's problems,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Thesis. 1970. M.S.MICROFICHE COPY ALSO AVAILABLE IN AERO LIBRARY.Ten blank pages included in paging.Bibliography: p. 289.by Louis Anthony D'Amario [and] Stephen Patrick Synnott.M.S

Retrievals of thick cloud optical depth from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) by calibration of solar background signal

Laser beams emitted from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), as well as other spaceborne laser instruments, can only penetrate clouds to a limit of a few optical depths. As a result, only optical depths of thinner clouds (< about 3 for GLAS) are retrieved from the reflected lidar signal. This paper presents a comprehensive study of possible retrievals of optical depth of thick clouds using solar background light and treating GLAS as a solar radiometer. To do so one must first calibrate the reflected solar radiation received by the photon-counting detectors of the GLAS 532-nm channel, the primary channel for atmospheric products. Solar background radiation is regarded as a noise to be subtracted in the retrieval process of the lidar products. However, once calibrated, it becomes a signal that can be used in studying the properties of optically thick clouds. In this paper, three calibration methods are presented: (i) calibration with coincident airborne and GLAS observations, (ii) calibration with coincident Geostationary Opera- tional Environmental Satellite (GOES) and GLAS observations of deep convective clouds, and (iii) cali- bration from first principles using optical depth of thin water clouds over ocean retrieved by GLAS active remote sensing. Results from the three methods agree well with each other. Cloud optical depth (COD) is retrieved from the calibrated solar background signal using a one-channel retrieval. Comparison with COD retrieved from GOES during GLAS overpasses shows that the average difference between the two retriev- als is 24%. As an example, the COD values retrieved from GLAS solar background are illustrated for a marine stratocumulus cloud field that is too thick to be penetrated by the GLAS laser. Based on this study, optical depths for thick clouds will be provided as a supplementary product to the existing operational GLAS cloud products in future GLAS data releases

Sacrificial templates for manufacturing multidimensional vasculature

Biological systems employ complex, composite architectures that are intimately related to homeostatic functionality. A common necessity underlying many of these systems is the transport of fluids that distribute nutrients, remove waste, and provide thermal regulation. Parallels exist in engineered materials; however, the architectures are comparatively less complex. No single fabrication technique has emerged with the flexibility to create architectures of various size-scale and dimensionality. Esser-Kahn et al. introduced a technique referred to as vaporization of sacrificial components (VaSC) [1]. Poly(lactic acid) PLA fibers are first treated with a catalyst, tin oxalate (SnOx), to lower their depolymerization temperature. The fibers are embedded in a thermoset matrix and then vaporized to leave behind straight channels (1D dimensionality). In this study, we extend the application of sacrificial PLA and VaSC to all levels of spatial dimensionality (0D–3D). Sacrificial PLA templates of each level of dimensionality: 0D-spheres, 1D-fibers, 2D-sheets, and 3D-printed structures are fabricated. Two different tin catalysts (tin oxalate, SnOx, and tin octoate, SnOc) are incorporated into PLA to promote depolymerization at modest temperatures (~200°C). Spheres with diameters averaging 23 μm are fabricated using an emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. Fibers spanning two orders of magnitude in diameter are fabricated using electrospinning (~5 μm) and melt-spinning (~300 μm) techniques. Sheets (~550 μm thick) are hot-pressed and laser cut to form branched planar networks. Fused deposition modeling is used to create a 3D branching tree-like structure. Each template is embedded in epoxy and removed using VaSC (200°C in a vacuum oven, 24–48 h) to reveal the inverse of the template architecture. The effectiveness of VaSC is evaluated using isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (iTGA) at 200°C (ex situ), and by tracking weight of the embedded °C in a vacuum oven (in situ). The templates in epoxy subjected to 200°C choice of catalyst influences the vaporization time with SnOc promoting more rapid removal. Comparison of in situ and ex situ tests reveals a delay in VaSC completion in the embedded state. The structures created using template materials from each level of dimensionality (0D–3D) are evaluated by flow rate testing. Experiments were performed under laminar flow conditions and compared to appropriate predictive models. Structures tested include porous sheets, 1D channels, a 2D-bifurcating network, and a 3D-branched tree-like structure. Flow in porous sheets is compared to Darcy’s law using a porosity-permeability correlation, whereas flow in one-dimensional channels is compared to the Hagen–Poiseuille equation. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of flow in both the 2D and 3D structure are performed in ANSYS FLUENT. Experimental data agreed well with modeling/simulation for every level of dimensionality. Sacrificial templates provide a technique to form multiscale, multidimensional, and interconnected vascular and porous networks in thermosetting polymers. Further work in this area will focus on extending the concept to more types of polymers and improving precision and resolution in complex 2D and 3D structures. REFERENCE [1] Esser-Kahn et al.. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 3654

An analysis of a long-lived MCV observed over the Southern Plains using Potential Vorticity diagnostics.

On the morning of 28 May 1998, a mesoscale convectively-generated vortex (MCV) was observed over the Southern Plains. This MCV was evident in the GOES-8 visual satellite imagery resulting in a spectacular picture. An analysis of this event is offered using many data sources, including products available now via the world-wide-web (WWW), the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) re-analyses, and Eta model initializations. This MCV developed out of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that existed during 26 and 27 May over Texas. This MCV was associated with reports of severe weather and heavy precipitation over southern Arkansas. While the MCV is shown to have characteristics similar to other MCV events documented, this event is unique in that it maintained it's character, while propagating further east than other events. A dynamical analysis using potential vorticity diagnostics (PV) shows that the mid-latitude vorticity field strengthened at least partially as a result of diabatic heating. Also, the most severe weather was associated with high values of integrated 500 - 300 hPa PV values over the Southern Plains

Hydrolases in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Listed in this section are hydrolases not accumulated in other parts of the Concise Guide, such as monoacylglycerol lipase and acetylcholinesterase. Pancreatic lipase is the predominant mechanism of fat digestion in the alimentary system; its inhibition is associated with decreased fat absorption. CES1 is present at lower levels in the gut than CES2 (P23141), but predominates in the liver, where it is responsible for the hydrolysis of many aliphatic, aromatic and steroid esters. Hormone-sensitive lipase is also a relatively non-selective esterase associated with steroid ester hydrolysis and triglyceride metabolism, particularly in adipose tissue. Endothelial lipase is secreted from endothelial cells and regulates circulating cholesterol in high density lipoproteins

Characteristics of Mantle Fabrics beneath the South-Central United States: Constraints from Shear-Wave Splitting Measurements

New shear-wave splitting measurements at permanent broadband seismic stations in the south-central United States reveal the orientation and degree of polarization of mantle fabrics, and provide constraints on models for the formation of these fabrics. For stations on the stable North American craton, correspondence between observed polarization direction of the fast wave and the trend of Proterozoic and Paleozoic structures associated with rifts and orogenic belts implies a lithospheric origin for the observed anisotropy. The largest splitting times (up to 1.6 s) are observed at stations located in the ocean-continent transition zone, in which the fast directions are parallel to the Gulf of Mexico continental margin. The parallelism and the geometry of the keel of the craton beneath the study area suggest that asthenospheric flow around the keel of the North American craton, lithospheric fabrics developed during Mesozoic rifting, or a combination of these factors are responsible for the observed anisotropy on stations above the transitional crust

Hydrolases (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Listed in this section are hydrolases not accumulated in other parts of the Concise Guide, such as monoacylglycerol lipase and acetylcholinesterase. Pancreatic lipase is the predominant mechanism of fat digestion in the alimentary system; its inhibition is associated with decreased fat absorption. CES1 is present at lower levels in the gut than CES2 (P23141), but predominates in the liver, where it is responsible for the hydrolysis of many aliphatic, aromatic and steroid esters. Hormone-sensitive lipase is also a relatively non-selective esterase associated with steroid ester hydrolysis and triglyceride metabolism, particularly in adipose tissue. Endothelial lipase is secreted from endothelial cells and regulates circulating cholesterol in high density lipoproteins

The C-Band All-Sky Survey: Instrument design, status, and first-look data

The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS) aims to produce sensitive, all-sky maps of diffuse Galactic emission at 5 GHz in total intensity and linear polarization. These maps will be used (with other surveys) to separate the several astrophysical components contributing to microwave emission, and in particular will allow an accurate map of synchrotron emission to be produced for the subtraction of foregrounds from measurements of the polarized Cosmic Microwave Background. We describe the design of the analog instrument, the optics of our 6.1 m dish at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, the status of observations, and first-look data.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, published in Proceedings of SPIE MIllimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V (2010), Vol. 7741, 77411I-1 - 77411I-1