5 research outputs found
Effective ecodesign: finding a way forward for industry
This paper states the findings and highlights the questions which have arisen from the initial
stages of a collaborative research project in ecodesign, between Cranfield University and
Electrolux UK. It discusses the initial findings arising from combining a critical analysis of the
literature in this area with observations of industrial practice at Electrolux UK. It concludes that
ecodesign at industrial design stages has under-utilised business potential. Future research
should attempt to determine how ecodesign can be incorporated into industrial design and be
managed through a structured process, such as the Integrated Product Development Process at
Electrolux
Modelling a whole building stock: domestic, non-domestic and mixed use
<p>Work on energy use in buildings â in university research, professional practice and government â has tended to draw a broad distinction between âthe domestic stockâ and âthe non-domestic stockâ. A further tendency has been to focus attention on types of non-domestic buildings devoted to single uses (<i>e.g.</i> offices, shops or hospitals). This paper reports an empirical research programme in which the complete building stock in large areas of England and Wales is comprehensively represented in great detail, using a new method and model called 3DStock. The model breaks down activities by floor level and within each floor of every building. The results show that the extent of mixing of uses is much greater than has previously been acknowledged, especially towards the centres and in the older parts of towns and cities. These mixed-activity buildings are sometimes relatively simple combinations of domestic and non-domestic, <i>e.g.</i> urban retail with flats above, while others are complex mixtures of different non-domestic activities. The model can be used to investigate how these complex relationships influence energy use. It is argued that, at the larger scale, explicit account needs to be taken of the mixing of uses in future stock models for research and policy-making.</p
Journal de Salonique : publication bi-hebdomadaire, politique, commerciale et littéraire / directeur : Saadi Levy
24 novembre 19081908/11/24 (A14,N1321)-1908/11/24.Appartient Ă lâensemble documentaire : Turcica1Appartient Ă lâensemble documentaire : GCGen
Klooridioksidin kÀytön optimoiminen sellutehtaan valkaisulla
Työ on tehty Stora Enso Veitsiluodon sellutehtaalle. Sellutehtaalla oli pÀÀtetty luopua kelatointiaineen kÀytöstÀ sellun valkaisussa. Kelatointivaihe korvattiin D0-vaiheella.
TÀssÀ opinnÀytetyössÀ tarkasteltiin massan pesutuloksen kehittymistÀ ja vaihtelua, varsinkin klooridioksidivaiheita edeltÀvillÀ pesureilla. Haluttiin myös selvittÀÀ, miten massojen metallipitoisuudet kehittyvÀt uudessa tilanteessa. NÀillÀ asioilla voi olla oma merkityksensÀ mm. eri valkaisuvaiheiden kemikaalikulutuksissa.
Yksi tÀrkeimmistÀ tavoitteista oli selvittÀ, miten klooridioksidiannos tulisi jakaa kolmen klooridioksidivaiheen kesken. KriteereinÀ tavoitevaaleuden saavuttaminen ja kemikaalikustannukset.
D0-vaihetta ajettiin koeajoissa erilaisilla kappakertoimilla. D0-vaiheen kappakertoimilla 1.0 ja 1.5 ei saatu esille selkeitÀ eroja kokonaiskustannuksissa ja/tai loppuvaaleudessa. Ajettaessa D0-vaihetta ilman klooridioksidia ja kelatointiainetta, kasvoivat kokonaiskemikaalikustannukset ja vaaleustavoite jÀi saavut-tamatta. Samansuuntaisia tuloksia saatiin koivulla ja havulla.
Valkaisusekvenssin muutoksen myötÀ aktiivikloorinkulutus on kasvanut hieman. Koeajojen aikana havaittiin kapoissa ja massan pesuhÀviöissÀ suuria vaihteluja. TÀmÀ nÀkyi kohonneina kemikaalikustannuksina. Jatkossa tulisi pyrkiÀ vÀhentÀmÀÀn nÀitÀ vaihteluita. Uuden valkaisusekvenssin myötÀ vaaleuden tasaisuus on kuitenkin parantunut
Additional file 1: of Exploring the role and function of trial steering committees: results of an expert panel meeting
Summary of information provided to members of the expert panel. (DOCX 35 kb