Respiratory pulse pressure variation fails to predict fluid responsiveness in acute respiratory distress syndrome

International audienceIntroduction: Fluid responsiveness prediction is of utmost interest during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the performance of respiratory pulse pressure variation (Δ RESP PP) has scarcely been reported. In patients with ARDS, the pathophysiology of Δ RESP PP may differ from that of healthy lungs because of low tidal volume (Vt), high respiratory rate, decreased lung and sometimes chest wall compliance, which increase alveolar and/or pleural pressure. We aimed to assess Δ RESP PP in a large ARDS population. Methods: Our study population of nonarrhythmic ARDS patients without inspiratory effort were considered responders if their cardiac output increased by >10% after 500-ml volume expansion. Results: Among the 65 included patients (26 responders), the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) for Δ RESP PP was 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI 95): 0.62 to 0.85), and a best cutoff of 5% yielded positive and negative likelihood ratios of 4.8 (CI 95 : 3.6 to 6.2) and 0.32 (CI 95 : 0.1 to 0.8), respectively. Adjusting Δ RESP PP for Vt, airway driving pressure or respiratory variations in pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (ΔPAOP), a surrogate for pleural pressure variations, in 33 Swan-Ganz catheter carriers did not markedly improve its predictive performance. In patients with ΔPAOP above its median value (4 mmHg), AUC for Δ RESP PP was 1 (CI 95 : 0.73 to 1) as compared with 0.79 (CI 95 : 0.52 to 0.94) otherwise (P = 0.07). A 300-ml volume expansion induced a ≥2 mmHg increase of central venous pressure, suggesting a change in cardiac preload, in 40 patients, but none of the 28 of 40 nonresponders responded to an additional 200-ml volume expansion. Conclusions: During protective mechanical ventilation for early ARDS, partly because of insufficient changes in pleural pressure, Δ RESP PP performance was poor. Careful fluid challenges may be a safe alternative

Hoher Schulungsbedarf bei Typ-2-Diabetes: Ergebnisse einer Erhebung zur Schulungssituation in diabetologischen Schwerpunktpraxen

Fragestellung: Bislang gibt es in Deutschland nur wenige Daten zur Schulungssituation. Im Rahmen einer Fragebogenbefragung wurde die aktuelle Schulungspraxis bei Typ-2-Diabetes in diabetologischen Schwerpunktpraxen (DSP) erhoben. Insbesondere wurden Daten zur Häufigkeit, Art, Inhalten und dem Setting von Schulungen erfragt Methodik: Insgesamt wurden deutschlandweit 1192 DSP zur Studienteilnahme eingeladen. 818 vollständig ausgefüllte Fragebogen konnten ausgewertet werden. Kategoriale Häufigkeitsangaben wurden ermittelt, indem der jeweilige kategoriale Mittelwert entsprechend der Anzahl der Nennungen gewichtet wurde. Ergebnisse: Pro Quartal werden in einer DSP im Mittel 627 Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes behandelt, ca. 83,5% der insgesamt behandelten Diabetiker pro Quartal. Von diesen hatten 70% bislang an einer strukturierten Gruppenschulung teilgenommen. Ca. 25% der Typ-2-Diabetiker hatten in den letzten 2 Jahren an einer strukturierten Schulung teilgenommen, bei ca. 50% lag die letzte Schulung mehr als 5 Jahre zurück, bei ca. 20% mehr als 10 Jahre. Im Durchschnitt werden in einer Praxis 25,5 Gruppenschulungen für Typ-2-Diabetiker pro Jahr durchgeführt. Die mittlere Gruppengröße liegt dabei bei 6 Teilnehmern pro Kurs. Die meisten DSP (65,4%) bieten die Kursstunden der Schulung ein- bis zweimal pro Woche an. Klassische „Blockschulungen“ werden in 10,6% der teilnehmenden Schwerpunktpraxen durchgeführt. Als wichtigster Effekt einer Schulung bei Typ-2-Diabetes werden auf einer Skala von 1 bis 10 die „Stärkung der Motivation“ (9,4) angegeben, gefolgt von der „Verbesserung der Lebensqualität“ (9,2), einer „hohen Therapiezufriedenheit“ (9,0) und der „Prävention von Folgeerkrankungen“ (8,9). Zu den wichtigsten Schulungsinhalten bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes mit Insulin zählen „Ernährungsempfehlungen“ (9,4), „Bedeutung nicht-medikamentöser Therapiemaßnahmen“ (9,2), „Bewegungsempfehlungen“ (9,2), „Motivation“ (9,2), „Stärkung des Selbstmanagements“ (9,0) und „Hypoglykämien“ (9,1). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse geben einen interessanten Einblick in die Schulungssituation von Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes in Deutschland, die in einer DSP betreut werden. Immerhin 30% aller Typ-2-Diabetiker wurden bislang noch nie geschult, bei 20% lag die letzte Schulung schon mehr als 10 Jahre zurück. Basierend auf diesen Daten ist daher aktuell von einem relativ großen Schulungs- bzw. Nachschulungsbedarf bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes auszugehen. Die wichtigsten Effekte einer Typ-2-Schulung sehen die DSP eher in psychosozialen Variablen wie der Steigerung der Motivation sowie der Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und Therapiezufriedenheit

Relation between mean arterial pressure and renal function in the early phase of shock: a prospective, explorative cohort study

International audienceIntroduction: Because of disturbed renal autoregulation, patients experiencing hypotension-induced renal insult might need higher levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) than the 65 mmHg recommended level in order to avoid the progression of acute kidney insufficiency (AKI)

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Aerosoltherapy in the intensive care unit : from bench to bedside

L’aérosolthérapie est une pratique ancienne de plusieurs siècles. Progressivement l’administration inhalée de bronchodilatateurs et de corticoïdes s’est imposé comme le traitement au long cours de référence des maladies pulmonaires obstructives. Plus récemment de nouvelles molécules, comme les antibiotiques ou les mucomodulateurs, ont été administrées avec succès par voie inhalée, particulièrement chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Alors que ces succès de l’aérosolthérapie ont été obtenus chez les patients en ventilation spontanée et traités essentiellement dans le contexte ambulatoire, les données sont beaucoup plus parcellaires concernant l’aérosolthérapie chez les patients admis en réanimation et plus particulièrement ceux soumis à la ventilation artificielle. Néanmoins, l’effet physiologique des bronchodilatateurs et des corticoïdes a été documenté chez les patients soumis à la ventilation artificielle et plusieurs études expérimentales et de recherche clinique [ont] documenté la faisabilité de l’antibiothérapie inhalée chez ces patients. Cinq travaux ont été réalisés dans le cadre de la thèse, faisant appel à des méthodes de recherche expérimentale sur banc, d’expérimentation animale, de recherche clinique et épidémiologique concernant l’aérosolthérapie en réanimation. Les deux premiers travaux ont consisté en une enquête internationale par voie électronique auprès des huit cents médecins exerçant en réanimation et d’une étude prospective observationnelle durant deux semaines dans quatre-vingts services de réanimation. Les résultats principaux de ces travaux sont que l’aérosolthérapie était très fréquente en réanimation et concernait près d’un quart des patients. Les molécules administrées étaient essentiellement des bronchodilatateurs et des corticoïdes, mais l’antibiothérapie inhalée était également pratiquée. […] L’aérosolthérapie est apparue comme bien tolérée à court terme […]. Le troisième travail a consisté en une évaluation sur banc des systèmes de nébulisation pneumatique synchronisée intégrés dans quatre ventilateurs de réanimation. Les résultats principaux de ce travail sont que ces systèmes permettaient un bon contrôle du volume courant délivré au patient durant la nébulisation ; en revanche la synchronisation inspiratoire n’était pas optimale […]. Le quatrième travail a consisté en une étude clinique évaluant la pharmacocinétique sérique de l’amikacine après son administration inhalée à forte dose chez vingt-deux patients soumis à la ventilation artificielle et atteints de pneumonie nosocomiale. L’administration était réalisée à l’aide d’un système de nébulisation pneumatique innovant, adapté à la ventilation artificielle. Le résultat principal de ce travail a été que la nébulisation de 60 mg/Kg d’amikacine s’est avéré faisable chez le patient sous ventilation artificelle et que les concentrations sériques observées étaient inférieures à celles observées après perfusion intraveineuse. […] Enfin, le dernier travail a consisté en une étude animale comparant la pharmacocinétique sérique de l’amikacine après administration intraveineuse, nébulisation et aérosolisation in situ à l’extrémité de la sonde d’intubation de porcelets soumis à la ventilation artificielle avec des poumons non infectés. Le principal résultat est que l’aérosolisation in situ a permis d’administrer de grandes quantitiés d’amikacine en très peu de temps. Néanmoins, les concentrations intra-parenchymateuses étaient très hétérogènes après aérosolisation in situ et fréquemment faibles […].Aerosoltherapy is a centuries-old practice. Inhaled bronchodilatators and corticosteroids have become the long-term treatment of choice for obstructive lung diseases. More recently, new molecules, such as antibiotics or mucus modulators have been successfully administrated by inhalation, particularly in patients with cystic fibrosis. While the success of aerosoltherapy were obtained in patients breathing spontaneously and essentially treated in the outpatient setting, data are much scarcer concerning aerosoltherapy in patients admitted to intensive care and especially those undergoing mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, the physiological effects of bronchodilators and corticosteroids have been documented in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and several experimental and clinical researches documented the feasibility of inhaled antibiotic therapy in these patients. The thesis comprises five works carried out using methods of experimental bench research, animal experimentation so as clinical and epidemiological research concerning aerosoltherapy in the intensive care setting. The first two works consisted of an international electronic survey among eight hundred physicians working in intensive care and a two-week prospective cross-sectional study in eighty intensive care units. The main results of those works are that aerosoltherapy appeared very common in the intensive care unit and concerned about a quarter of all admitted patients. The molecules administrated were essentially bronchodilatators and corticosteroids, but inhaled antibiotic therapy was also practiced. Although implementation of aerosoltherapy, especially during mechanical ventilation, appeared frequently at odds with optimal practice, or even dangerous, it was well tolerated in the short term since only a hundred side effects were observed during the nine thousand aerosol administrations collected in the prospective study. The third work evaluated, in a bench model of mechanical ventilation, synchronized pneumatic nebulization systems integrated in four intensive care ventilators. The main results of this work are that these systems provided good control of the tidal volume during nebulization ; however inspiratory synchronization was not optimal since a significant proportion of nebulization occurred during expiration, due ti gas compression/decompression upstream of the nebulizer. The fourth work consisted of a clinical study evaluating serum pharmacokinetics of amikacin after high dose inhalation in twenty-two patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and suffering nosocomial pneumonia. Administration was carried out using an innovative pneumatic nebulization system adapted to mechanical ventilation. The main result of this work was that nebulization of 60 mg / kg of amikacin proved feasible in patients on mechanical ventilation and serum concentrations observed were lower than those observed after intravenous infusion. An increase in the dose and / or the yield of the nebulization system may be considered to promote greater lung deposition in order to favour improved efficacy. The presence or absence of a heated humidifier did not influence the results, thus allowing considering active humidification during prolonged nebulization within a high-dose strategy. Finally, the last work was an animal study comparing serum pharmacokinetics of amikacin after intravenous administration, nebulization and in situ aerosolisation at the end of the endotracheal tube in piglets with healthy lungs undergoing mechanical centilation. The main results are that in situ aerosolisation allowed administrating large amounts of amikacin in a very short time. Nevertheless, intra-parenchymal concentrations were very heterogeneous after in situ aerosolisation and often low, while nebulization allowed observing globally more homogeneous concentrations. Immuno-histological amikacin staining allowed observing lung deposition of amikacin at the tissue level

Hyperpression intra-abdominale dans les cinq premiers jours du sepsis sévère (incidence et rôle du remplissage vasculaire)

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocSudocFranceF