EFFECTIVENESS ANTIBACTERIAL OF POWWOOD EXTRACT (SPATHOLOBUS LITTORALIS HASSK) AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobuslittoralis Hassk) adalah salah satu tanaman yang banyak tumbuh pada Kalimantan Tengah namun belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini karena melakukan uji efektivitas kandungan anti bakteri dari bajakah terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui konsentrasi yang terbaik yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan kedua bakteri tersebut. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode Disc Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) untuk menguji bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa dengan memakai kertas cakram yang didalamnya  terdapat ekstrak akar kayu bajakah  pagar kemudian diletakkan ke media kultur (MHA) metode ini berguna untuk mengamati diameter zona hambat ekstrak kemudian hasilnya batch-to-batch yang baik. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan dalam uji coba penelitian adalah Shapiro-Wilk yaitu oneway ANOVA untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri dari ekstrak daun jarak pagar dan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) untuk mengetahui perbedaan efek antibakteri antar 2 kelompok perlakuan. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa memiliki nilai rata-rata lebih tinggi diameter zona hambat tertinggi pada perlakuan 100% sekitar 22,4 mm dengan menggunakan kontrol positif (Ciprofloxacin)  sebagai perbandingan dengan rata – rata 50.1 mm. Kesimpulannya adalah ekstrak kayu bajakah memiliki efektivitas pada bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.Kata Kunci : Akar Kayu Bajakah; Antibakteri; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.AbstractBajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) is one of the most widely grown plants in Central Kalimantan but has not been widely used. The novelty in this research is to test the effectiveness of the anti-bacterial content of bajakah against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The purpose of the study was to determine the best concentration that could inhibit the growth of the two bacteria. The research method uses the Disc Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method to test Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacteria using disc paper in which there is an extract of the root of the bajakah fence then placed into culture media (MHA). -good batches. The data processing method used in the research trial was the Shapiro-Wilk one-way ANOVA to determine the antibacterial effect of jatropha leaf extract and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to determine the difference in antibacterial effect between the two treatment groups. The results obtained were Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria had a higher average value of the highest inhibition zone diameter at 100% treatment of about 22.4 mm using a positive control (Ciprofloxacin) as a comparison with an average of 50.1 mm. The conclusion is that the extract of bajakah wood has effectiveness on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria

Heterologous arenavirus vector prime-boost overrules self-tolerance for efficient tumor-specific CD8 T cell attack

Therapeutic vaccination regimens inducing clinically effective tumor-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) responses are an unmet medical need. We engineer two distantly related arenaviruses, Pichinde virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, for therapeutic cancer vaccination. In mice, life-replicating vector formats of these two viruses delivering a self-antigen in a heterologous prime-boost regimen induce tumor-specific CTL responses up to 50% of the circulating CD8 T cell pool. This CTL attack eliminates established solid tumors in a significant proportion of animals, accompanied by protection against tumor rechallenge. The magnitude of CTL responses is alarmin driven and requires combining two genealogically distantly related arenaviruses. Vector-neutralizing antibodies do not inhibit booster immunizations by the same vector or by closely related vectors. Rather, CTL immunodominance hierarchies favor vector backbone-targeted responses at the expense of self-reactive CTLs. These findings establish an arenavirus-based immunotherapy regimen that allows reshuffling of immunodominance hierarchies and breaking self-directed tolerance for efficient tumor control