Enzyme immunoassay of herbicide decomposition by soil and wood decay fungi

The effect of herbicide atrazine was studied on the growth and development of a number of soil and wood decay fungi: white-rot basidiomycetes (Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocenerea, and Coriolus hirsutus), thermophilic micromycetes from self-heating grass composts (cellulolytic fungus Penicillium sp. 13 and noncellulolytic ones Humicola lanuginosa spp. 5 and 12), and mesophilic phenol oxidase-producing micromycete Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26. Detection of atrazine in liquid fungal cultures was performed by using the enzyme immune assay technique. Both stimulation (Humicola lanuginosa 5) and suppression (Humicola lanuginosa 12 and Penicillium sp. 13) of fungal growth with atrazine were observed on solid agar media. Hyphomycete Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 was almost insensitive to the presence of atrazine. Neither of the thermophilic strains was capable of atrazine consumption in three-week cultivation. In contrast with that, active laccase producers Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocenerea, and Coriolus hirsutus consumed up to 50% atrazine in 5-day cultivation in the presence of the xenobiotic and at least 80-92% in 40 days. Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26, which also forms extracellular laccase, also consumed up to 70% atrazine in 17 days. The degree of atrazine consumption depended on the term of its addition to the fungal culture medium

Fungal Decomposition of Oat Straw during Liquid and Solid-State Fermentation

White rot fungi (Coriolus hirsutus, Coriolus zonatus, and Cerrena maxima from the collection of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and filamentous fungi (Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 and Trichoderma reesei 6/16) were grown on oat straw-based liquid and solid media, as well as in a bench-scale reactor, either individually or as cocultures. All fungi grew well on solid agar medium supplemented with powdered oat straw as the sole carbon source. Under these conditions, the mold Trichoderma reesei fully suppressed the growth of all basidiomycetes studied; conversely, Mycelia sterilia neither affected the development of any of the cultures, nor did it show any substantial susceptibility to suppression by their presence. Pure solid cultures of basidiomycetes, as well as the coculture of Coriolus hirsutus and Cerrena maxima, caused a notable bleaching of the oat straw during its consumption. When grown on the surface of oat straw-based liquid medium, the basidiomycetes consumed up to 40% of the polysaccharides without measurable lignin degradation (a concomitant process). Under these conditions, Mycelia sterilia decomposed no more than 25% of the lignin in 60 days, but this was observed only after polysaccharide exhaustion and biomass accumulation. In contrast, during solid-state straw fermentation, white rot fungi consumed up to 75% of cellulose and 55% of lignin in 83 days (C. zonarus), whereas the corresponding consumption levels for cocultures of Mycelia sterilia and Trichoderma reesei equaled 70 and 45%, respectively (total loss of dry weight ranged from 55 to 60%). Carbon dioxide-monitored solid-state fermentation of oat straw by the coculture of filamentous fungi was successfully performed in an aerated bench-scale reactor

Сравнение результатов лечения больных неоперабельным немелкоклеточным раком легкого в рамках клинических исследований и стандартной клинической практики методом псевдорандомизации

Rationale: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an aggressive disease with median survival of 1214 months in inoperable patients in the pre-immunotherapy era. Nowadays, under treatment with checkpoint inhibitors median survival is 1922 months. However, only a proportion of patients are sensitive to immune therapy. In this regard, inclusion into clinical trials remains a priority option for patients from medical perspective. Aim: To compare the results in NSCLC patients treated in accordance with the current clinical guidelines and in international clinical trials using the propensity score matching. Materials and methods: The study included data from 344 patients with histologically verified unresectable advanced NSCLC without activating mutations, who received the 1st line systemic medical therapy at various combinations (single agent chemotherapy, platinum doublet-based therapy, chemoimmunotherapy, single agent immunotherapy) within the compulsory health insurance (CHI), and from 90 patients, who received therapy in clinical trials. A direct comparison of long-term treatment results was carried out with the log-rank method. To exclude any influence of individual factors on survival rates, an univariate regression analysis and pseudorandomization accounting for these factors were carried out. Results: The direct comparison of the treatment results showed a higher progression-free survival rate in the patients treated according to clinical trial protocols, than in those treated under CHI (13.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.118.5] months vs 6.4 [95% CI 5.96.9] months). Pseudorandomization of patients based on a combination of statistically significant parameters from the CHI and clinical trial groups showed a significantly longer time to progression in the trial group (13.3 [95% CI 8.318.3] vs 6.3 [95% CI 4.87.7] months). Conclusion: Participation in clinical trials is per se a factor that can significantly impact the longer duration of the treatment effect. This indicates the necessity of the most active use of this tool in clinical practice.Актуальность. Немелкоклеточный рак легкого (НМРЛ) агрессивное заболевание с медианой выживаемости у неоперабельных пациентов в доиммунотерапевтическую эпоху 1214 месяцев. Сегодня на фоне терапии ингибиторами контрольных точек показатели выживаемости возросли до 1922 месяцев, однако лишь часть больных чувствительна к иммунотерапии. В этой связи включение в клинические исследования остается для пациентов приоритетным вариантом с медицинской точки зрения. Цель сравнение результатов лечения пациентов с НМРЛ в соответствии с текущими клиническими рекомендациями и в рамках международных клинических исследований методом псевдорандомизации (англ. propensity score matching). Материал и методы. В исследование включены данные о 344 больных с гистологически верифицированным распространенным нерезектабельным НМРЛ без активирующих мутаций, получавших 1-ю линию системной лекарственной терапии в различных комбинациях (монохимиотерапия, терапия на основе платиновых дуплетов, химиоиммунотерапия, моноиммунотерапия) по программе обязательного медицинского страхования (ОМС), и 90 больных, получавших терапию в рамках клинических исследований. Прямое сравнение отдаленных результатов лечения проведено методом log-rank. С целью исключения влияния отдельных факторов на показатели выживаемости проведены монофакторный регрессионный анализ и псевдорандомизация с их учетом. Результаты. При прямом сравнении результатов проведенного лечения выживаемость без прогрессирования была значительно выше у пациентов, леченных по протоколам клинических исследований, чем по программе ОМС, 13,3 мес. (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 8,118,5) против 6,4 мес. (95% ДИ 5,96,9). После проведения псевдорандомизации пациентов оказалось, что время до прогрессирования оставалось больше в группе клинических исследований: 13,3 (95% ДИ 8,318,3) и 6,3 мес. (95% ДИ 4,87,7) соответственно. Заключение. Участие в клинических исследованиях является per se фактором, который может существенным образом влиять на увеличение продолжительности эффекта проведенного лечения, что указывает на необходимость максимально активного использования этого инструмента в клинической практике

Efficiency of Combined Hepatoprotector Forceliv in the Treatment of Chronic Diffuse Liver Disease

The article presents the results of a study of serum alanine aminotransferase levels in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases on the background of combined hepatoprotector Forceliv application. According to the findings, a significant decrease of this indicator in all examined patients has been found, that confirms the efficiency of the above mentioned hepatoprotector