7 research outputs found

    Substrate specificities of baking lipases for use in fine bakery goods

    Get PDF
    Lipasen werden seit Jahrzehnten als clean-label Alternativen fĂŒr herkömmliche Emulgatoren zur Verbesserung der Backeigenschaften von Brot eingesetzt. FĂŒr Feine Backwaren gibt es jedoch bisher nur wenige Anwendungen. Bei der Reaktion von Lipasen mit Butter, einem ĂŒblicherweise in Feinen Backwaren eingesetzten Fett, werden geruchsintensive kurzkettige FettsĂ€uren freigesetzt. Um deren Freisetzung und damit die Bildung von ranzigen Fehlaromen zu begrenzen, werden Lipasen mit geeigneten FettsĂ€uresubstratspezifitĂ€ten benötigt. Dazu wurden 17 Lipasen mithilfe des p-Nitrophenyl-Assays auf die FettsĂ€uren hin untersucht, die sie bevorzugt freisetzen. Das aus dem Assay resultierende, breite Spektrum an FettsĂ€uresubstratspezifitĂ€ten konnte bei der Reaktion mit Backfetten in neu entwickelten Modellemulsionen jedoch nicht bestĂ€tigt werden. Stattdessen war die Struktur der GrenzflĂ€che entscheidend fĂŒr die Freisetzung von FettsĂ€uren. Sieben Lipasen wurden aufgrund ihrer Reaktionsmuster im p-Nitrophenyl-Assay und ergĂ€nzenden, sensorischen Experimenten mit den Modellemulsionen fĂŒr weitere Versuche ausgewĂ€hlt. Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Lipasen in Feinen Backwaren mit unterschiedlichen Rezepturen wurden am Beispiel eines eifreien RĂŒhrkuchens, eines traditionellen Sandkuchens und einer hefebasierten Brioche untersucht. Die Lipasen beeinflussten die Eigenschaften von Kuchenteigen und Backwaren. Das Ausmaß der VerĂ€nderung hing dabei sowohl von der Rezeptur, als auch von der Lipase ab. Enthielt die Rezeptur intrinsische, oberflĂ€chenaktive MolekĂŒle wie polare Ei-Lipide in Sandkuchen, waren die Effekte der Lipasen schwĂ€cher als in der Rezeptur ohne Ei. In Brioche wurden nur geringe bis keine Verbesserungen der BackqualitĂ€t erreicht. Die Unterschiede der Lipasen wurden auf ihre Reaktionsmuster zurĂŒckgefĂŒhrt. Diese Hypothese unterschiedlicher Reaktionsmuster wurde durch Lipidomics-Analysen von Lipase-behandelten Teig- und Kuchenproben weiter untersucht. Dazu wurde eine FlĂŒssigkeitschromatographie-Tandem-Massenspektrometrie Methode genutzt. Durch den Vergleich der SubstratspezifitĂ€tsmuster der Lipasen mit den Ergebnissen zu ihren Auswirkungen auf die BackqualitĂ€t wurden mögliche SchlĂŒsselverbindungen fĂŒr die BackqualitĂ€t ermittelt. Bei RĂŒhrkuchen ist die Hydrolyse von Glyceroglycolipiden entscheidend, wĂ€hrend in Sandkuchen Lysoglycerophospholipide mit Effekten auf die Textur in Verbindung gebracht wurden. In Brioche wurde die Reaktion der Lipasen nicht, wie ursprĂŒnglich vermutet, gehemmt, aber die Art der freigesetzten Lipide hatte keinen Einfluss auf die BackqualitĂ€t. Zur Vorhersage der Eignung einer Lipase f ĂŒr den Einsatz in Feinen Backwaren wird ein Assay benötigt. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Lipidomics-Analysen ist die SubstratspezifitĂ€t von Lipasen entscheidend fĂŒr ihre Wirkung. Daher wurde ein fluorimetrischer Assay entwickelt, um die Reaktion von Lipasen mit verschiedenen Substraten zu analysieren. Die mithilfe des Assays ermittelten Reaktionsmuster stimmten jedoch nicht mit den Reaktionsmustern aus Kuchen ĂŒberein. Ähnlich wie bei den Ergebnissen fĂŒr die FettsĂ€urensubstratspezifitĂ€t war die SubstratspezifitĂ€t ebenfalls von der VerfĂŒgbarkeit von Substraten fĂŒr die Reaktion abhĂ€ngig. Diese Arbeit eröffnet neue Einblicke in die Reaktion von Lipasen und Mechanismen der (FettsĂ€uren)substratspezifitĂ€t. Außerdem zeigte sie das Potenzial von Lipasen als Backhilfsmittel in Feinen Backwaren und ebnete den Weg fĂŒr weitere zukĂŒnftige Anwendungen von Lipasen

    Improvement of cake baking properties by lipases compared to a traditional emulsifier

    Get PDF
    Lipases are commonly used as clean-label improvers for bread. However, their potential use in cakes with different formulations remains unknown. The aim was to analyze the effects of seven baking lipases on three different cake formulations (an eggless cake, a pound cake with eggs and a yeast-based cake) in comparison to a traditional emulsifier. Product density, water loss during baking and product texture were assessed. If and to what extent the product quality was improved depended on both the lipase and the cake formulation. Lipase-induced effects mostly exceeded those of the emulsifier and were most pronounced in formulations without intrinsic emulsifiers like eggs. The lipases differed in their extent of improvement, hinting at the importance of their specific reactivity patterns and the resulting range of interactions with macromolecules. Further research is needed to unravel the mechanistic background of baking quality improvement in cakes

    Comparative characterization of baking lipase substrate specificities using emulsions and the p-nitrophenyl assay

    Get PDF
    For use in cakes, lipases with suitable substrate specificity are needed to minimize the release of short-chain fatty acids that cause undesirable off-flavors. We analyzed the substrate specificities of 17 lipases using the p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-assay. These results were compared to the reactions of the lipases with the baking fats rapeseed oil, margarine and butter in a new model emulsion. The free fatty acids (FFA) released from this model emulsion were quantitated by gas chromatography. The broad spectrum of lipase specificities seen in the PNP-assay was not apparent in the patterns of FFA released from the model emulsions. There, all lipases released similar percentages of FFA depending on the fat and emulsifier used. The prediction of lipase reactions via the PNP-assay should therefore be critically reevaluated for real food systems such as cakes

    Lipases as cake batter improvers compared to a traditional emulsifier

    Get PDF
    Lipases can act on the baking quality of cakes as clean-label improvers. Only little is known about their possible effects on the batter quality of cakes. Especially the importance of the cake formulation has not been studied before. We therefore aim to analyse the effects of seven baking lipases on three different cake formulations (an eggless basic cake, a pound cake and a yeast-based cake) in comparison to the emulsifier DATEM (mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids). The impact on batter density, stickiness and rheological properties was examined. Both the lipase and the cake formulation had an influence on the extent of batter improvement. The greatest lipase-induced effects occurred in the eggless cake, probably because no intrinsic emulsifiers were present. Lipase reactions seemed to be inhibited in the yeast-based cake. For basic cake and pound cake, three lipases decreased batter density (up to 3.7%) and stickiness (up to 42.7%) and caused a liquefaction of the batter. This leads to an eased machinability of lipase-treated batters for cake manufacturing and opens up many possibilities for application of lipases in cakes and other fine bakery goods

    Lipidomic insights into the reaction of baking lipases in cakes

    Get PDF
    Lipases are promising improvers of cake batter and baking properties. Their suitability for use in various cake formulations cannot be predicted yet, because the reactions that lead to macroscopic effects need to be unravelled. Therefore, the lipidome of three different cake recipes with and without lipase treatment was assessed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after baking. By comparing the reaction patterns of seven different lipases in the recipes with known effects on texture, we show that lipase substrate specificity impacts baking quality. Key reactions for the recipes were identified with the help of principal component analysis. In the eggless basic cake, glyceroglycolipids are causal for baking improvement. In pound cake, lysoglycerophospholipids were linked to textural effects. Lipase substrate specificity was shown to be dependent on the recipe. Further research is needed to understand how recipes can be adjusted to achieve optimal lipase substrate specificity for desirable batter and baking properties

    Data_Sheet_1_Lipidomic insights into the reaction of baking lipases in cakes.PDF

    No full text
    Lipases are promising improvers of cake batter and baking properties. Their suitability for use in various cake formulations cannot be predicted yet, because the reactions that lead to macroscopic effects need to be unravelled. Therefore, the lipidome of three different cake recipes with and without lipase treatment was assessed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after baking. By comparing the reaction patterns of seven different lipases in the recipes with known effects on texture, we show that lipase substrate specificity impacts baking quality. Key reactions for the recipes were identified with the help of principal component analysis. In the eggless basic cake, glyceroglycolipids are causal for baking improvement. In pound cake, lysoglycerophospholipids were linked to textural effects. Lipase substrate specificity was shown to be dependent on the recipe. Further research is needed to understand how recipes can be adjusted to achieve optimal lipase substrate specificity for desirable batter and baking properties.</p
    corecore