Influencing factors on specific energy consumption of EV in extensive operations

The sensitivities of electric vehicle (EV) energy consumption become significant when operating at long distances. This study analyzes these sensitivities based on empirical data of seven EV over 2.75 years with individual monthly mileages above 3,000 km and a specifically adopted energy consumption model. The results underline the influence of average speed, the distribution of speed and the auxiliaries as well as their opposing effects. It is demonstrated that the point of lowest specific energy consumption is not necessarily identical to the point where EV are most competitive compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles

Acute Surgical vs. Non-surgical Management for Ocular and Peri-ocular Burns: Oculoplastic Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Burn related injury to the face involving the structures of the eyes, eyelids, eyelashes, and/or eyebrows could result in multiple reconstructive procedures to improve functional and cosmetic outcomes, and correct complications following poor acute phase management. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared 272 surgical to 535 non-surgical interventions within one month of patients suffering burn-related injuries to 465 eyes, 253 eyelids, 90 eyelashes, and 0 eyebrows and evaluated associated outcomes and complications. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically and independently searched. Patient and clinical characteristics, surgical and medical interventions, outcomes and complications were recorded. Eight of the 14927 studies queried for this study were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis, with results from 33 of the possible 58 outcomes and complications using PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis found that compared to non-surgical interventions, acute surgical interventions for ocular, eyelid, and/or eyelash burns were found to have greater visual acuity on follow-up, shorter epithelial defect diameters on follow-up, greater changes in epithelial diameters from baseline, smaller epithelial defect areas on follow-up, greater changes in epithelial defect areas from baseline, greater numbers of healed epithelial defects, more keratitis infections, and a greater reduction in limbal ischemia, possibility preventing the need of a future limbal stem cell transplantation

Prevalence and Characterization of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Retired National Football League Players

It has been hypothesized that exposure to repetitive head trauma from contact sports over a long-playing career may eventuate in an increased risk of late-life cognitive impairment. There are currently two competing hypotheses about the possible mechanism underlying such impairment. One is the presence of a unique neurodegenerative disorder known as (CTE). The other is diminished cerebral reserve leading to the earlier clinical expression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study examined informant AD8 inventory data in a sample of 513 retired National Football League (NFL) players. These data were indicative of possible cognitive impairment in 35.1% of this relatively young sample. A comparison of neurocognitive profiles in a subsample of this group to a clinical sample of patients with a diagnosis of MCI due to AD revealed a highly similar profile of impairments. Overall, the data suggest that there may be an increased prevalence of late-life cognitive impairment in retired NFL players, which may reflect diminished cerebral reserve. The findings are considered preliminary, but emphasize the need for larger, controlled studies on this issue. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–8

The Role of ZFH-04269, Pilicides ec240, and Mannosides as FimH Adhesins Inhibitor of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and Multiplex Real-Time PCR as a Potential Method in Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be difficult to diagnose and therefore a quicker and cheaper method but still having a high reliability result is needed. Multiplex real-time PCR can diagnose UTI better, as it has a high accuracy and time-efficiency. In other hand, as many infection is caused by bacterial attachment to cells, anti-adhesion therapeutics can be an option for treatment methods. Our objective is to analyse whether real-time multiplex PCR and anti-adhesive therapeutics can become the best methods for diagnosis and treatment options respectively. Results showed that it is feasible to identify uropathogens with more than 90% accuracy by using multiplex real-time PCR; while modified isoquinolone-mannoside is proved to have the highest FimH affinity and potency of any antagonists reported to date. Finally, we conclude that multiplex real-time PCR and the use of ZFH-04269, pilicides ec240, and mannosides as FimH adhesins inhibitor might be applicable as novel diagnostic method and treatment for UTIs

Empirical carbon dioxide emissions of electric vehicles in a French-German commuter fleet test

According to many governments electric vehicles are an efficient mean to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions in the transport sector. However, the energy charged causes carbon dioxide emissions in the energy sector. This study demonstrates results from measuring time-dependent electricity consumption of electric vehicles during driving and charging. The electric vehicles were used in a French-German commuter scenario between March 2013 and August 2013. The electric vehicles travelled a total distance of 38,365 kilometers. 639 individual charging events were recorded. Vehicle specific data on electricity consumption are matched to disaggregated electricity generation data with time dependent national electricity generation mixes and corresponding carbon dioxide emissions with an hourly time resolution. Carbon dioxide emission reduction potentials of different charging strategies are identified. As carbon dioxide emission intensities change over time according to the electric power systems, specific smart charging services are a convincing strategy to reduce electric vehicle specific carbon dioxide emissions. Our results indicate that charging in France causes only about ten percent of the carbon dioxide emissions compared to Germany, where the carbon intensity is more diverse

Nicotine and Smoking Effects on Burn Related Reconstruction Patient Outcomes and Complications Following Hospital Admission: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Patients suffering from burn-related injuries admitted to the hospital concurrently using nicotine and/or smoke are believed to be at an increased risk of poor outcomes and the development of complications following burn reconstruction, however data varies within the literature and remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared outcomes and complications from studies during the years 1986 to 2018 between 8568 burn patients admitted to the hospital who use nicotine and/or smoke to 299543 burn patients admitted who do not use nicotine and/or smoke. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically and independently searched. Clinical characteristics, nicotine/smoking use, outcomes and complications were recorded. PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines where used throughout the review. Five of the 9 studies included in our study, were eligible for meta-analysis, with results from 7 of the possible 21 outcomes and complications queried. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis found that compared to patients suffering from burn-related injuries who do not use nicotine and/or smoke, patients using nicotine/smoking were found to have a higher rate of intubation and more wound/local skin infections

Alcohol Use Effects on Burn Related Reconstruction Patient Outcomes and Complications Following Hospital Admission: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Patients suffering from burn-related injuries admitted to the hospital concurrently consuming alcohol are believed to be at an increased risk of poor outcomes and the development of complications following burn reconstruction, however data varies within the literature and remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared outcomes and complications from studies during the years 1958 to 2018 between 813 burn patients admitted to the hospital with alcohol use reported by a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC), intoxication, or the patient on admission to 299543 burn patients admitted who were not consuming alcohol. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically and independently searched. Clinical characteristics, alcohol use, outcomes and complications were recorded. PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines where used throughout the review. Eleven of the 14 studies included in our study, were eligible for meta-analysis, with results from 9 of the possible 21 outcomes and complications queried. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis found that compared to patients suffering from burn-related injuries who did not consume alcohol, patients consuming alcohol spent more days on a ventilator, had a higher rate of intubation, had a higher rate of inhalation injury, longer intensive care unit length of stay, and increased mortality