Incorporation of glycine-2-C-14 in acid-insoluble proteins of rat bones and teeth during hypokinesia and administration of thyrocalcitonine

A forced limitation of the motor activity in rats (from 5 to 60 days) results in reduced incorporation of glycine 2-C14 in the total acid insoluble proteins of limb bones and its increase in the teeth and mandibular-maxillary bones. Daily administration of five micrograms of thyrocalcitonine together with polyvinylpyrrolidone normalizes the protein metabolism in the bone tissues during the 40 days of experimentation

Scrub typhus ecology: a systematic review of Orientia in vectors and hosts

Abstract Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an important and neglected vector-borne zoonotic disease with an expanding known distribution. The ecology of the disease is complex and poorly understood, impairing discussion of public health interventions. To highlight what we know and the themes of our ignorance, we conducted a systematic review of all studies investigating the pathogen in vectors and non-human hosts. A total of 276 articles in 7 languages were included, with 793 study sites across 30 countries. There was no time restriction for article inclusion, with the oldest published in 1924. Seventy-six potential vector species and 234 vertebrate host species were tested, accounting for over one million trombiculid mites (‘chiggers’) and 83,000 vertebrates. The proportion of O. tsutsugamushi positivity was recorded for different categories of laboratory test and host species. Vector and host collection sites were geocoded and mapped. Ecological data associated with these sites were summarised. A further 145 articles encompassing general themes of scrub typhus ecology were reviewed. These topics range from the life-cycle to transmission, habitats, seasonality and human risks. Important gaps in our understanding are highlighted together with possible tools to begin to unravel these. Many of the data reported are highly variable and inconsistent and minimum data reporting standards are proposed. With more recent reports of human Orientia sp. infection in the Middle East and South America and enormous advances in research technology over recent decades, this comprehensive review provides a detailed summary of work investigating this pathogen in vectors and non-human hosts and updates current understanding of the complex ecology of scrub typhus. A better understanding of scrub typhus ecology has important relevance to ongoing research into improving diagnostics, developing vaccines and identifying useful public health interventions to reduce the burden of the disease.</jats:p

Моделирование механизмов как методический инструмент (на примере проектирования циклоидально-цевочной передачи)

The suggested modern approach to modelling of objects and systems allows not only to create models but also to use them to study the main properties of the object (system) with a high degree of clarity and adequacy, as well as to develop most important skills of young engineers in creating and implementing digital models of engineering objects.The objective of the study is to analyse capacity of one of the modern automated computational design systems as a methodological tool.The functionality of an automated computational design system is considered for the case of constructing a model of a planetary cycloidal pinion transmission. The resulting model allows visualising the kinematics of the designed mechanism in the form of static or moving graphic images. The model built based on the described approach contains digital images of mechanism parts, which can be transferred without modification to specialised software systems for analysing strength characteristics or manufacturing material models of a product using rapid prototyping methods.The proposed approach allows to perfect actions referring to the analysis of properties and synthesis of new structures using tools that correspond to the modern level of technology development and to get a visual idea of the process of developing a machine from a mathematical model to its material objectification.The research methods are based on the fundamental principles of mathematical and simulation modelling, data analysis and processing using powerful automated computational design tools.The tools used for modelling can be used for different forms of learning, i.e., without reference to specific premises and equipment. Демонстрируется современный подход к моделированию объектов и систем, позволяющий не только создавать модели, но и на их основе с высокой степенью наглядности и адекватности изучать основные характеристики объекта (системы), в том числе для формирования у молодых инженеров важнейших компетенций по созданию и применению цифровых моделей технических объектов.Целью исследования является анализ возможностей одной из современных систем автоматизированного проектирования как методического инструмента.Рассмотрен пример построения модели планетарной циклоидально-цевочной передачи с использованием функциональных возможностей конструкторской САПР. В результате создаётся модель, позволяющая визуализировать кинематику проектируемого механизма в виде статических или подвижных графических изображений. Построенная на основе описанного подхода модель содержит цифровые образы деталей механизма, которые могут без доработки быть переданы в специализированные программные системы для анализа прочностных характеристик или изготовления материальных макетов изделия с использованием методов быстрого прототипирования.Предложенный подход позволяет отрабатывать действия по анализу свойств и синтезу новых конструкций с использованием инструментов, соответствующих современному уровню развития техники, и получать наглядное представление о процессе создания машины от математической модели до её материального воплощения.Методы исследования основаны на базовых принципах математического и имитационного моделирования, анализе данных и их обработке с помощью средств автоматизированного проектирования.Важным свойством применяемых для моделирования инструментов является возможность реализации на их основе учебного процесса в различных формах организации, в том числе без привязки к конкретным помещениям и оборудованию.