Participatory budgeting like new element in regional and public economy

Participatory Budgeting (ve zkratce PB; překlad do češtiny: správa věcí veřejných v rukou veřejnosti) je nástroj, který umožňuje realizovat dvě základní výzvy: kontinuitu v demokracii a rozvoj aktivního podílu občanů na správě věcí veřejných. Protože se jedná o pokračující proces, občané mají regulérní pole působnosti pro zapojení se „vlády“ mezi jednotlivými volbami. Nezapomínejme, že municipální úroveň je nejbližší potřebám potřeb a přání občanů. A pokud chceme „revitalizovat“ aktivní zapojení občanů – je komunální úroveň nejvhodnějším místem. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je prezentovat nové poznatky o PB, které vychází z literatury a prezentací EU kurzů Learning Community.The Participatory Budgeting (PB) is one tool to address these two challenges, namely the continuity of democracy and the development of an active citizenship. Because it is an ongoing process, citizens have a regular venue to be engaged in between elections to address issues that concern them. Let’s not forget that the municipal level is the closest to people’s needs and wants, so if we want to revitalize civic engagement, the local level is a particularly good place to do that. The goal of this paper is to present new information about PB which is present in literature and during the EU courses – Learning Community

Information about business background like necessary condition of the effective aftercare policies

We have found much information about the accesses of the municipalities and regions to the aftercare policies. We want to trust that these results and analysis can help them to inspire for management of the public administration. They can use these results for increasing of their competition in their rivalry about the incoming investors

Recommendations, Experiences and Conclusions From Realized Aftercare Public Policies in Czech Republic

Czech Republic has become one of leading destinations for production foreign investments in Europe in last ten years. This success has been influenced by several factors including history, geography, policy development, economic and social progress transformation and also from Czech Republic’s entrance into NATO and the European Union. We must also take into account traditions, labour skills, price and labour productivity. The central and regional government initiatives (from municipalities and larger regions) can play active roles in foreign investment attraction. Local and central government agencies of western countries are sources of such new and direct investments to Czech Republic. Because of higher economic standards in these countries, they are able to invest internationally with greater ease and comfort. National entrepreneurs are also sources for economic development and new business. The goals of the public policies focused on the “aftercare†can be: - Support with development and expansion, - Assisting with problem solving during enterprise development, - Training and help with restructuring, - Support and assistance for multi-national corporations and investors with: research and development, design, setting up centres with a network of experts, mentors and shareable resources, - Support and assistance with networking (and advertising?), - Developing “clusters†which are centres concentrating on excellence within global competition and markets, - Many more. These specified activities can be realized with financial support from the Structural funds from the European budget and by current operating programmes already in place within the Czech Republic. This paper focuses on the research analysis interpretation of entrepreneur environment. This case study (or research) was held in Czech Republic in May 2005. We would like to make some recommendations (in the form of “best practisesâ€) to inspire other countries (which solve similar problems) and provide information. Attention will be given to defining recommendations and offering conclusions to the compatibility with the new “learning regions†theory.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS – CZECH CASE

Czech Republic does not belong among the leaders, whose economies are characterized by strong focus on innovation, science and research. To make the situation gradually improved, there the strategic documents and concepts must exist and also very specific tools to influence the formulation of the field at certain levels of state. Czech Republic still 10 years create, update and proceed accordingly according to these documents. But more pronounced shift to focus on innovation and their impact on competitiveness is not clear. The paper focuses on the analysis of the strategic framework for supporting regional innovation systems, their components and support for regional actors who are capable of producing innovation and commerce them. Contribution will be based on the current situation in the Czech Republic.

Možnosti uplatňování veřejných politik aftercare v České republice

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in the development of some regions. In last years the number of new FDI projects has decreased and therefore the countries and regions pay more attention to their present investors to keep them in their country or region. This kind of services is called after-care services. The main provider of after-care services in the Czech Republic is the government agency CzechInvest which provides incentives and other programmes for foreign investors. Using incentives for expansions has increased during last years and almost one third of them were also used for uprading of plant status (creation of technological centres or centres of strategic services). Expansions are concentrated mainly in the Central Bohemia, especially in Prague metropolitan area, while the attraction of other metropolitan areas is not so strong.Relevant number of expansions and new created jobs is located in the problem regions with more favourable incentives. These findings prove that the programmes of CzechInvest FDI and their expansions is influenced to some extent by the programmes of CzechInvest which provide more support to less favoured regions. The expansions with uprading of plant status are located rather in regions with higher quality of human resources. Most of expansions (including expansions with upgrading of plant status) are located at the same place as the former investment project. CzechInvest provides only limited number of programmes for increasing level of embeddedness in the regional economy and that is the reason why the impacts of these programmes are rather insignificant.Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in the development of some regions. In last years the number of new FDI projects has decreased and therefore the countries and regions pay more attention to their present investors to keep them in their country or region. This kind of services is called after-care services. The main provider of after-care services in the Czech Republic is the government agency CzechInvest which provides incentives and other programmes for foreign investors. Using incentives for expansions has increased during last years and almost one third of them were also used for uprading of plant status (creation of technological centres or centres of strategic services). Expansions are concentrated mainly in the Central Bohemia, especially in Prague metropolitan area, while the attraction of other metropolitan areas is not so strong.Relevant number of expansions and new created jobs is located in the problem regions with more favourable incentives. These findings prove that the programmes of CzechInvest FDI and their expansions is influenced to some extent by the programmes of CzechInvest which provide more support to less favoured regions. The expansions with uprading of plant status are located rather in regions with higher quality of human resources. Most of expansions (including expansions with upgrading of plant status) are located at the same place as the former investment project. CzechInvest provides only limited number of programmes for increasing level of embeddedness in the regional economy and that is the reason why the impacts of these programmes are rather insignificant

Informační technologie jako faktor ovlivňující rozvoj cestovního ruchu

We can see that reforms of Public Administration are stronger and stronger associated with egovernment. Egovernment means reformation in relation to application of ICT. Electronic services as a part of egovernement can facilitate the communication in the sphere of Public Administration. The towns in the Czech Republic compete for tourists both from Czech Republic and from abroad. ICT make it easy for them. The towns have to combine the offer of high quality services, sights and other attractions with promotion and electronic services

Innovation Paths in Knowledge Intensive Industries based on Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Knowledge-intensive industries has become a major source of competitive advantage and innovation. However, there is no general agreement about the innovation pathways of knowledge-intensive enterprises. A possible explanation for this might be that the complex pathways has thus far been studied using regression models that capture only the main regression effects. To address this issue, we use fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis that examines relationships (even asymmetrical) between the enterprises’ innovation activity and all possible configurations of its determinants, including obstacles, knowledge sources, collaborative activities and R&D. We investigate this framework in the case study of German knowledge-intensive enterprises. The results show that several pathways act as sufficient conditions for product innovation. However, the effects of these conditions are asymmetric. In addition, the following complementary relationships between the determinants were observed: (1) public support and education knowledge source; (2) internal and external R&D and collaboration on innovation; and (3) internal and market knowledge source and publicly available knowledge acquired from other sources such as conferences, journals and professional associations. Thus, these findings may provide an explanation of the inconsistent effects observed in previous studies on product innovation

Leverage of Knowledge Sources in Firm Innovation Activities: The Case of European ICT Industries

The ICT sector is one of the most important industries in the world, thanks to the high added value of its production. The competitive advantage of such a sector depends (among other things) on the ability to acquire knowledge from various available resources. ICT firms need to be able to adapt and react flexibly due to the high dynamics of development in the field of information and communication technologies. These firms are trying to use different knowledge resources, engaging in knowledge cooperative networks in a globalized innovation environment. Determinants of this environment are also largely influencing their production function. Due to the importance of the field and the level of public funding, it is necessary to study the impact of different innovation sources on the ability of ICT firms to produce innovations. Our study is a macroeconomic study of the ICT sector in the EU using data from Eurostat (Community Innovation Survey). With three own regression models, we demonstrate that firms in the ICT sector often use resources from the group of cooperating companies, acquire the existing know-how, licenses and patents on the market, and pay great attention to their own employees as a source of potential knowledge. Results of the research so far confirm the negative impact of public organizations on innovation (or R&D) performance of the ICT firms. In the context of public funding of support for R&D activities in the ICT industry, it is possible to talk about significant allocation inefficiencies or possibly too long-term investments with uncertain results

ON TRAVERSABILITY COST EVALUATION FROM PROPRIOCEPTIVE SENSING FOR A CRAWLING ROBOT

Traversability characteristics of the robot working environment are crucial in planning an efficient path for a robot operating in rough unstructured areas. In the literature, approaches to wheeled or tracked robots can be found, but a relatively little attention is given to walking multi-legged robots. Moreover, the existing approaches for terrain traversability assessment seem to be focused on gathering key features from a terrain model acquired from range data or camera image and only occasionally supplemented with proprioceptive sensing that expresses the interaction of the robot with the terrain. This paper addresses the problem of traversability cost evaluation based on proprioceptive sensing for a hexapod walking robot while optimizing different criteria. We present several methods of evaluating the robot-terrain interaction that can be used as a cost function for an assessment of the robot motion that can be utilized in high-level path-planning algorithms

Measurement of torque characteristics of asynchronous motor

Tato práce je rozšířením bakalářské práce Jana Stejskala - Automatizace měření malých asynchronních motorů (2017). Cílem diplomové práce je objasnit účel měření momentových charakteristik a provést podrobný rozbor momentové charakteristiky asynchronního motoru. Na základě tohoto rozboru poté uvést způsoby jejího měření a prostředky k tomu potřebné. Problematika je řešena na základě norem ČSN 35 0010 (350010) a ČSN EN 60034-2-1 ed. 2. Poznatky získané z těchto norem jsou následně aplikovány v laboratorním prostředí na asynchronní motory různých výkonů. Na základě takto získaných dat je v závěru práce provedena validace jednotlivých měřicích metod.This diploma thesis is an extension of the bachelor thesis of Jan Stejskal - Automation of Measurement of Small Asynchronous Motors (2017). Its objective is to clarify the purpose of measuring torque characteristics and to perform a detailed analysis of the torque characteristics of the asynchronous motor. Then, based on this analysis, indicate the methods of its measurement and the means needed to do so. The issue is solved on the basis of standards ČSN 35 0010 (350010) and ČSN EN 60034-2-1 ed. 2. The knowledge gained from these standards is then applied in a laboratory environment to asynchronous motors of different powers. At the end of the project, there is a validation of used measuring methods based upon the obtained data