9,743 research outputs found
Phase Space Tomography of Classical and Nonclassical Vibrational States of Atoms in an Optical Lattice
Atoms trapped in optical lattice have long been a system of interest in the
AMO community, and in recent years much study has been devoted to both short-
and long-range coherence in this system, as well as to its possible
applications to quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate for the
first time complete determination of the quantum phase space distributions for
an ensemble of atoms in such a lattice, including a negative Wigner
function for atoms in an inverted state.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics.
Special issue in connection with the 9th International Conference on Squeezed
States and Uncertainty Relations, to be held in Besancon, France, on 2-6 May
200
Quasi-Particle Degrees of Freedom versus the Perfect Fluid as Descriptors of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
The hot nuclear matter created at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
has been characterized by near-perfect fluid behavior. We demonstrate that this
stands in contradiction to the identification of QCD quasi-particles with the
thermodynamic degrees of freedom in the early (fluid) stage of heavy ion
collisions. The empirical observation of constituent quark ``'' scaling of
elliptic flow is juxtaposed with the lack of such scaling behavior in
hydrodynamic fluid calculations followed by Cooper-Frye freeze-out to hadrons.
A ``quasi-particle transport'' time stage after viscous effects break down the
hydrodynamic fluid stage, but prior to hadronization, is proposed to reconcile
these apparent contradictions. However, without a detailed understanding of the
transitions between these stages, the ``'' scaling is not a necessary
consequence of this prescription. Also, if the duration of this stage is too
short, it may not support well defined quasi-particles. By comparing and
contrasting the coalescence of quarks into hadrons with the similar process of
producing light nuclei from nucleons, it is shown that the observation of
``'' scaling in the final state does not necessarily imply that the
constituent degrees of freedom were the relevant ones in the initial state.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, Updated text and figure
Quantum Nonlocality in Two-Photon Experiments at Berkeley
We review some of our experiments performed over the past few years on
two-photon interference. These include a test of Bell's inequalities, a study
of the complementarity principle, an application of EPR correlations for
dispersion-free time-measurements, and an experiment to demonstrate the
superluminal nature of the tunneling process. The nonlocal character of the
quantum world is brought out clearly by these experiments. As we explain,
however, quantum nonlocality is not inconsistent with Einstein causality.Comment: 16 pages including 24 figure
Rank 3 permutation characters and maximal subgroups
In this paper we classify all maximal subgroups M of a nearly simple
primitive rank 3 group G of type L=Omega_{2m+1}(3), m > 3; acting on an L-orbit
E of non-singular points of the natural module for L such that 1_P^G <=1_M^G
where P is a stabilizer of a point in E. This result has an application to the
study of minimal genera of algebraic curves which admit group actions.Comment: 41 pages, to appear in Forum Mathematicu
Distinction of representations via Bruhat-Tits buildings of p-adic groups
Introductory and pedagogical treatmeant of the article : P. Broussous
"Distinction of the Steinberg representation", with an appendix by Fran\c{c}ois
Court\`es, IMRN 2014, no 11, 3140-3157. To appear in Proceedings of Chaire Jean
Morlet, Dipendra Prasad, Volker Heiermann Ed. 2017. Contains modified and
simplified proofs of loc. cit. This article is written in memory of
Fran\c{c}ois Court\`es who passed away in september 2016.Comment: 33 pages, 4 figure
Hotter, Denser, Faster, Smaller...and Nearly-Perfect: What's the matter at RHIC?
The experimental and theoretical status of the ``near perfect fluid'' at RHIC
is discussed. While the hydrodynamic paradigm for understanding collisions at
RHIC is well-established, there remain many important open questions to address
in order to understand its relevance and scope. It is also a crucial issue to
understand how the early equilibration is achieved, requiring insight into the
active degrees of freedom at early times.Comment: 10 Pages, 13 Figures, submitted to the proceedings of the Second
Meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadronic Physics, Nashville, TN, October
22-24, 200
System-size dependence
The final state in The final state in heavy-ion collisions has a higher
degree of strangeness saturation than the one produced in collisions between
elementary particles like p-p or p-. A systematic analysis of this
phenomenon is made for C-C, Si-Si and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN SPS collider
and for collisions at RHIC and at AGS energies. Strangeness saturation
is shown to increase smoothly with the number of participants at AGS, CERN and
RHIC energies.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, presented at SQM2003 conferenc
Conditional probabilities in quantum theory, and the tunneling time controversy
It is argued that there is a sensible way to define conditional probabilities
in quantum mechanics, assuming only Bayes's theorem and standard quantum
theory. These probabilities are equivalent to the ``weak measurement''
predictions due to Aharonov {\it et al.}, and hence describe the outcomes of
real measurements made on subensembles. In particular, this approach is used to
address the question of the history of a particle which has tunnelled across a
barrier. A {\it gedankenexperiment} is presented to demonstrate the physically
testable implications of the results of these calculations, along with graphs
of the time-evolution of the conditional probability distribution for a
tunneling particle and for one undergoing allowed transmission. Numerical
results are also presented for the effects of loss in a bandgap medium on
transmission and on reflection, as a function of the position of the lossy
region; such loss should provide a feasible, though indirect, test of the
present conclusions. It is argued that the effects of loss on the pulse {\it
delay time} are related to the imaginary value of the momentum of a tunneling
particle, and it is suggested that this might help explain a small discrepancy
in an earlier experiment.Comment: 11 pages, latex, 4 postscript figures separate (one w/ 3 parts
Traveling Wave Fronts and Localized Traveling Wave Convection in Binary Fluid Mixtures
Nonlinear fronts between spatially extended traveling wave convection (TW)
and quiescent fluid and spatially localized traveling waves (LTWs) are
investigated in quantitative detail in the bistable regime of binary fluid
mixtures heated from below. A finite-difference method is used to solve the
full hydrodynamic field equations in a vertical cross section of the layer
perpendicular to the convection roll axes. Results are presented for
ethanol-water parameters with several strongly negative separation ratios where
TW solutions bifurcate subcritically. Fronts and LTWs are compared with each
other and similarities and differences are elucidated. Phase propagation out of
the quiescent fluid into the convective structure entails a unique selection of
the latter while fronts and interfaces where the phase moves into the quiescent
state behave differently. Interpretations of various experimental observations
are suggested.Comment: 46 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Conjugacy theorems for loop reductive group schemes and Lie algebras
The conjugacy of split Cartan subalgebras in the finite dimensional simple
case (Chevalley) and in the symmetrizable Kac-Moody case (Peterson-Kac) are
fundamental results of the theory of Lie algebras. Among the Kac-Moody Lie
algebras the affine algebras stand out. This paper deals with the problem of
conjugacy for a class of algebras --extended affine Lie algebras-- that are in
a precise sense higher nullity analogues of the affine algebras. Unlike the
methods used by Peterson-Kac, our approach is entirely cohomological and
geometric. It is deeply rooted on the theory of reductive group schemes
developed by Demazure and Grothendieck, and on the work of J. Tits on buildingsComment: Publi\'e dans Bulletin of Mathematical Sciences 4 (2014), 281-32
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