About ecology around industrial areas of Мariupol

Содержание кислорода в атмосферном воздухе городов, а также в жилых, офисных и производственных помещениях является важнейшим фактором самочувствия и здоровья горожан. При высокой температуре и высокой абсолютной влажности приземного воздуха, содержание кислорода в атмосферном воздухе минимально, и люди могут испытывать признаки гипоксии. В промышленных южных городах, к которым относится г. Мариуполь (Украина), существуют дополнительные факторы, затрудняющие дыхание человека: более высокая (относительно окружающей город территории) температура воздуха и загрязненность атмосферы, в т. ч. угарным газом и взвешенными частицами. Это приводит в условиях аномальной жары и промышленных выбросов к повышению заболеваемости и смертности городского населения. Точные измерения парциального давления и парциальной плотности кислорода требуют специального оборудования и методик, поскольку процентное содержание кислорода в атмосферном воздухе достаточно велико, а его изменения относительно малы. Большинство современных приборов, используемых городскими службами мониторинга атмосферы, ориентированы на измерение существенных отклонений содержания кислорода от нормы. Службы мониторинга состава воздуха обычно не измеряют плотность кислорода, по-видимому, из-за неявного предположения ничтожного влияния изменения метеоусловий на его содержание. Кроме того, измерение малых изменений содержания кислорода в приземном слое воздуха является достаточно сложной технической задачей. В работе представлена попытка аналитического определения распределения концентраций кислорода в приземных слоях атмосферы вокруг мест стока кислорода из атмосферы на металлургических предприятиях г. Мариуполя, приведена аналитическая модель стока кислорода из приземного слоя на основе теории «обратной струи» в одномерной постановке. Получены соответствующие изолинии концентраций на различных расстояниях от мест стока кислорода. При этом концентрация кислорода снижается обратно пропорционально расстоянию от стока, что позволяет достаточно просто оценивать распределение концентраций в приземном слое атмосферы вокруг металлургических предприятий при известных координатах мест его стока в безветренную погоду. Проанализирована пространственная изменчивость и эпизоды аномального содержания кислорода в приземном воздухе в контексте их возможного влияния на самочувствие людей.The oxygen content in the atmospheric air of cities, as well as in residential, office and industrial premises is the most important factor in the health and well-being of citizens. With high temperature and high absolute humidity of the surface air, the oxygen content in ambient air is minimal, and people may experience signs of hypoxia. In the industrial southern cities to which the city of Mariupol (Ukraine) belongs, there are additional factors that impede human breathing: higher (relative to the territory surrounding the city) air temperature and pollution of the atmosphere, including carbon monoxide and suspended particles. This results in conditions of abnormal heat and industrial emissions to an increase in the morbidity and mortality of the urban population. Accurate measurements of partial pressure and partial density of oxygen require special equipment and techniques, since the percentage of oxygen in ambient air is large enough, and its changes are relatively small. Most modern instruments used by urban atmospheric monitoring services are focused on measuring significant deviations of oxygen content from the norm. Air quality monitoring services do not usually measure the density of oxygen, apparently due to the implicit assumption of the negligible effect of changes in weather conditions on its content. In addition, the measurement of small changes in the oxygen content in the surface air is a rather complicated technical task. The paper presents an attempt to analytically determine the distribution of oxygen concentrations in the surface layers of the atmosphere around the places of oxygen runoff from the atmosphere at metallurgical enterprises of Mariupol, provides an analytical model based on the theory of "reverse flow" in a one-dimensional formulation of oxygen flow from the surface layer. The corresponding concentration contour lines were obtained at various distances from the oxygen sink sites. At the same time, the oxygen concentration decreases inversely with the distance from the drain, which makes it quite easy to estimate the distribution of concentrations in the surface layer of the atmosphere around the metallurgical enterprises at known coordinates of its drain points in calm weather. The spatial variability and episodes of anomalous oxygen content in the surface air are analyzed in the context of their possible effect on people's well-being

Stochastic simulations of the quantum Zeno effect

Published versio

Vibrational pair cat states

Published versio

Stochastic Cutoff Method for Long-Range Interacting Systems

A new Monte-Carlo method for long-range interacting systems is presented. This method consists of eliminating interactions stochastically with the detailed balance condition satisfied. When a pairwise interaction $V_{ij}$ of a $N$-particle system decreases with the distance as $r_{ij}^{-\alpha}$, computational time per one Monte Carlo step is ${\cal O}(N)$ for $\alpha \ge d$ and ${\cal O}(N^{2-\alpha/d})$ for $\alpha < d$, where $d$ is the spatial dimension. We apply the method to a two-dimensional magnetic dipolar system. The method enables us to treat a huge system of $256^2$ spins with reasonable computational time, and reproduces a circular order originated from long-range dipolar interactions.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 figure and 1 reference are adde

Coarse grained and fine dynamics in trapped ion Raman schemes

A novel result concerning Raman coupling schemes in the context of trapped ions is obtained. By means of an operator perturbative approach, it is shown that the complete time evolution of these systems (in the interaction picture) can be expressed, with a high degree of accuracy, as the product of two unitary evolutions. The first one describes the time evolution related to an effective coarse grained dynamics. The second is a suitable correction restoring the {\em fine} dynamics suppressed by the coarse graining performed to adiabatically eliminate the nonresonantly coupled atomic level.Comment: 12 pages, no figure

An efficient scheme for the deterministic maximal entanglement of N trapped ions

We propose a method for generating maximally entangled states of N two-level trapped ions. The method is deterministic and independent of the number of ions in the trap. It involves a controlled-NOT acting simultaneously on all the ions through a dispersive interaction. We explore the potential application of our scheme for high precision frequency standards.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, submitted to PRL, under review, Revised Version: Incorporated referee comment

Coherent Control for a Two-level System Coupled to Phonons

The interband polarizations induced by two phase-locked pulses in a semiconductor show strong interference effects depending on the time tau_1 separating the pulses. The four-wave mixing signal diffracted from a third pulse delayed by tau is coherently controlled by tuning tau_1. The four-wave mixing response is evaluated exactly for a two-level system coupled to a single LO phonon. In the weak coupling regime it shows oscillations with the phonon frequency which turn into sharp peaks at multiples of the phonon period for a larger coupling strength. Destructive interferences between the two phase-locked pulses produce a splitting of the phonon peaks into a doublet. For fixed tau but varying tau_1 the signal shows rapid oscillations at the interband-transition frequency, whose amplitude exhibits bursts at multiples of the phonon period.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTex, content change

Dark pair coherent states of the motion of a trapped ion

We propose a scheme for generating vibrational pair coherent states of the motion of an ion in a two-dimensional trap. In our scheme, the trapped ion is excited bichromatically by three laser beams along different directions in the X-Y plane of the ion trap. We show that if the initial vibrational state is given by a two-mode Fock state, the final steady state, indicated by the extinction of the fluorescence emitted by the ion, is a pure state. The motional state of the ion in the equilibrium realizes that of the highly-correlated pair coherent state.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Protection associated with a TB vaccine is linked to increased frequency of Ag85A-specific CD4⁺ T cells but no increase in avidity for Ag85A

AbstractThere is a need to improve the efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis in humans and cattle. Previously, we found boosting BCG-primed cows with recombinant human type 5 adenovirus expressing antigen 85A (Ad5-85A) increased protection against Mycobacterium bovis infection compared to BCG vaccination alone. The aim of this study was to decipher aspects of the immune response associated with this enhanced protection. We compared BCG-primed Ad5-85A-boosted cattle with BCG-vaccinated cattle. Polyclonal CD4+ T cell libraries were generated from pre-boost and post-boost peripheral blood mononuclear cells – using a method adapted from Geiger et al. (2009) – and screened for antigen 85A (Ag85A) specificity. Ag85A-specific CD4+ T cell lines were analysed for their avidity for Ag85A and their Ag85A epitope specificity was defined. Boosting BCG with Ad5-85A increased the frequencies of post-boost Ag85A-specific CD4+ T cells which correlated with protection (reduced pathology). Boosting Ag85A-specific CD4+ T cell responses did not increase their avidity. The epitope specificity was variable between animals and we found no clear evidence for a post-boost epitope spreading. In conclusion, the protection associated with boosting BCG with Ad5-85A is linked with increased frequencies of Ag85A-specific CD4+ T cells without increasing avidity or widening of the Ag85A-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire