Requirements for Data Valuation Methods

Data is considered the most significant intangible asset for the 21st century enterprise. Serving as key asset for ever-increasing digital transformation and entrepreneurship, they ensure economic success through empowering new technologies, services and business models. Despite their high relevance, there exist neither consistent valuation methods nor specific requirements for developing such methods. Data valuation is crucial in order to better understand their value and, for example, incorporating them into financial statements. Existing literature indicates relationship between data value and quality. Thereupon, we conducted semi-structured expert interviews to gain insights on data valuation methods in connection with data quality. This results in 11 requirements for data valuation methods and seven value-driving quality criteria. Furthermore, several challenges for future data valuation are derived from the empirical results

Factors that influence performance in Olympic air-rifle and small-bore shooting: A systematic review

Background Air-rifle and small-bore shooting are fascinating Olympic sports due to their unique performance requirements for accuracy and precision. Objective The purpose of our study was to systematically research the literature to determine and summarize performance determinants in both air-rifle and small-bore shooting. Since some athletes participate internationally in both disciplines in competition, the disciplines must have some similarity in the performance structure. Therefore, we further investigated whether performance in air-rifle and small-bore shooting can be explained by the same performance determinants. Methods We systematically searched in four databases using combined keywords relevant to performance in air-rifle and small-bore shooting. The articles included had undergone peer-review and had a) a direct relation to shooting performance, b) an indirect relation by comparing the performance of shooters of different skill levels, and c) a practical relevance (directly controllable through training). After the quality of each article was assessed, the key data were extracted and summarized. Results The fourteen articles included achieved an average of 60 ± 14% (range 30–80%) in quality assessment. Altogether, articles covered 268 subjects (32% female), of which 19% were elite- and 28% were national-level athletes. Sixteen performance determinants were investigated, which were divided into anthropometric, technical-coordinative, physiological and psychological categories. Both in air-rifle and small-bore shooting, rifle stability and body sway were found to differ between elite- and national-level athletes. In both disciplines, body sway seemed to have no influence on shot score in elite- and national-level athletes. Similarly, heart rate did not correlate with shot score at nearly all performance levels in both disciplines. In national-level air-rifle athletes, horizontal rifle stability, aiming accuracy and aiming time were found to affect shot score. Conclusions To be competitive at a national-level in air-rifle shooting, a highly developed aiming process is needed to achieve a high shot score. Lack of data prevented us from drawing evidence-based conclusions in elite-level air-rifle athletes and in small-bore shooting. Future research should investigate possible performance determinants both in air-rifle and in small-bore shooting, especially with elite-level athletes, to confirm or disprove existing findings. Further research should use more complex analyses to investigate the multifaceted processes associated with different performance determinants

Factors that influence performance in Olympic air-rifle and small-bore shooting: A systematic review

Background Air-rifle and small-bore shooting are fascinating Olympic sports due to their unique performance requirements for accuracy and precision. Objective The purpose of our study was to systematically research the literature to determine and summarize performance determinants in both air-rifle and small-bore shooting. Since some athletes participate internationally in both disciplines in competition, the disciplines must have some similarity in the performance structure. Therefore, we further investigated whether performance in air-rifle and small-bore shooting can be explained by the same performance determinants. Methods We systematically searched in four databases using combined keywords relevant to performance in air-rifle and small-bore shooting. The articles included had undergone peer-review and had a) a direct relation to shooting performance, b) an indirect relation by comparing the performance of shooters of different skill levels, and c) a practical relevance (directly controllable through training). After the quality of each article was assessed, the key data were extracted and summarized. Results The fourteen articles included achieved an average of 60 ± 14% (range 30–80%) in quality assessment. Altogether, articles covered 268 subjects (32% female), of which 19% were elite- and 28% were national-level athletes. Sixteen performance determinants were investigated, which were divided into anthropometric, technical-coordinative, physiological and psychological categories. Both in air-rifle and small-bore shooting, rifle stability and body sway were found to differ between elite- and national-level athletes. In both disciplines, body sway seemed to have no influence on shot score in elite- and national-level athletes. Similarly, heart rate did not correlate with shot score at nearly all performance levels in both disciplines. In national-level air-rifle athletes, horizontal rifle stability, aiming accuracy and aiming time were found to affect shot score. Conclusions To be competitive at a national-level in air-rifle shooting, a highly developed aiming process is needed to achieve a high shot score. Lack of data prevented us from drawing evidence-based conclusions in elite-level air-rifle athletes and in small-bore shooting. Future research should investigate possible performance determinants both in air-rifle and in small-bore shooting, especially with elite-level athletes, to confirm or disprove existing findings. Further research should use more complex analyses to investigate the multifaceted processes associated with different performance determinants

Effects of hip osteoarthritis on lower body joint kinematics during locomotion tasks: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Motion analysis can be used to gain information needed for disease diagnosis as well as for the design and evaluation of intervention strategies in patients with hip osteoarthritis (HOA). Thereby, joint kinematics might be of great interest due to their discriminative capacity and accessibility, especially with regard to the growing usage of wearable sensors for motion analysis. So far, no comprehensive literature review on lower limb joint kinematics of patients with HOA exists. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesise existing literature on lower body joint kinematics of persons with HOA compared to those of healthy controls during locomotion tasks. Methods: Three databases were searched for studies on pelvis, hip, knee and ankle kinematics in subjects with HOA compared to healthy controls during locomotion tasks. Standardised mean differences were calculated and pooled using a random-effects model. Where possible, subgroup analyses were conducted. Risk of bias was assessed with the Downs and Black checklist. Results and Discussion: A total of 47 reports from 35 individual studies were included in this review. Most studies analysed walking and only a few studies analysed stair walking or turning while walking. Most group differences were found in ipsi- and contralateral three-dimensional hip and sagittal knee angles with reduced ranges of motion in HOA subjects. Differences between subjects with mild to moderate and severe HOA were found, with larger effects in severe HOA subjects. Additionally, stair walking and turning while walking might be promising extensions in clinical gait analysis due to their elevated requirements for joint mobility. Large between-study heterogeneity was observed, and future studies have to clarify the effects of OA severity, laterality, age, gender, study design and movement execution on lower limb joint kinematics

Valuation of Personal Data in the Age of Data Ownership

In order to tackle uncertainties about data ownership and data misuse, more accessible and competitive data markets are proposed, especially concerning the use and access rights of data generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Legal proposals suggest that companies and individuals become owners of their self-generated data, enabling new ways of data monetization. Still, individuals are often uncertain about the value and price of their own generated data. This research builds on construal level theory to propose influencing factors fostering an understanding of intraindividual data value. The results of a pilot study survey (n = 104), conducted during the ICIS 2022, show that data proximity and data sensitivity factors significantly influence intraindividual data value. Our research extends the knowledge on data value from individual perspectives and builds the foundation for future work on data valuation and pricing in intraindividual data trading

Biomechanical Analysis of the Knee Joint Load During a Unilateral Sit-to-Stand Movement

Background and Objectives: Sit-to-Stand (STS) movements are fundamental activities of daily living. As STS movements can be physically demanding especially for the elderly, bi- and unilateral STS movements are frequently used in motor tests to measure lower limb strength. In contrast to bilateral STS movements, the knee joint loads occurring during unilateral STS movements as well as the influences of chair height or lower limb dominance are still unknown. Methods: In a randomized study approach knee joint loads during unilateral STS movements from three different chair heights have been analyzed using biomechanical motion analysis in a population of 19 healthy middle-aged adults. Additionally, the influence of lower limb dominance and the level of perceived exertion have been investigated. Results: Lower limb dominance had no effect on knee joint load. In contrast, chair height significantly affected the peak shear forces in anterior (high: 3.94 ± 0.63 N/kg; low: 4.09 ± 0.61 N/kg) and lateral (high: 1.52 ± 0.79 N/kg; low: 1.78 ± 0.88 N/kg) direction as well as the peak knee adduction moment (high: 0.56 ± 0.29 Nm/kg; low: 0.65 ± 0.32 Nm/kg). Additionally, chair height but not limb dominance significantly affected the level of perceived exertion (high: 11.1 ± 2.8; low: 12.5 ± 3.5). Conclusion: The detected knee joint loads occurring during a unilateral STS movements are similar to those of other activities of daily living like e.g. stair ascent and thus, unilateral STS movements are applicable for usage in motor tests for middle-aged subjects. While lower limb dominance has no impact on the knee joint load, lower chair heights increase the load on the knee joint. Therefore, chair height should be considered when using unilateral STS movements in motor tests