What I Don't Know Can't Hurt Me?: Cognitive Avoidance in Adults At-Risk for Depression

The current study examined cognitive avoidance in people at-risk for depression. Avoidance was assessed by performance based and self-report measures. Forty-five recovered depressed (RD) and 53 never depressed (ND) participants viewed emotional images. Approximately half of the participants in each group underwent a negative mood induction to simulate life stress. RD and ND groups did not differ in length of time that they self selected to view negative or positive images and they did not differ on subsequent recollection tasks for negative information in either mood condition. However, ND participants recalled more positive images as "most memorable" than RD participants. There were no group differences on questionnaire measures of avoidance. Findings are inconsistent with prior research showing increased attention to negative information among those at risk for depression as well as prior research showing evidence for avoidance of negative information in depression. Possible explanations for the discrepancies are discussed

Cordaitean Wood From The Pennsylvanian Of Kansas

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141665/1/ajb204970.pd

Pteridospermous Plants From The Pennsylvanian Of Illinois And Missouri

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141154/1/ajb209160.pd

Declining interest in science in lower secondary school classes: Quasi‐experimental and longitudinal evidence on the role of teaching and teaching quality

Although promoting student interest is a pivotal educational goal, student interest in science, and particularly in physics, declines substantially during secondary school. This study focused on the long-term development of interest in physics at the lower secondary level (grades 5 – 7) and examined the role of teaching and teaching quality on the development. In particular, the study investigated the role of whether or not physics was taught in class and the role of perceived teaching quality for classes' interest trajectories. The results provide evidence of declining interest in physics from Grade 5 to 7, with stronger declines from Grade 5 to 6. Whether classes participated in physics teaching or not neither notably reduced nor increased interest in physics. However, several dimensions of perceived teaching quality (in particular, cognitive activation and cognitive support) mitigated the decline in interest

The Anatomy and Affinities of Medullosa noei Steidtmann, and Associated Foliage, Roots, and Seeds

131-166http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/48230/2/ID069.pd

Benchmarking ZK-Circuits in Circom

Zero-knowledge proofs and arithmetic circuits are essential building blocks in modern cryptography, but comparing their efficiency across different implementations can be challenging. In this paper, we address this issue by presenting comprehensive benchmarking results for a range of signature schemes and hash functions implemented in Circom, a popular circuit language that has not been extensively benchmarked before. Our benchmarking statistics include prover time, verifier time, and proof size, and cover a diverse set of schemes including Poseidon, Pedersen, MiMC, SHA-256, ECDSA, EdDSA, Sparse Merkle Tree, and Keccak-256. We also introduce a new Circom circuit and a full JavaScript test suite for the Schnorr signature scheme. Our results offer valuable insights into the relative strengths and weaknesses of different schemes and frameworks, and confirm the theoretical predictions with precise real-world data. Our findings can guide researchers and practitioners in selecting the most appropriate scheme for their specific applications, and can serve as a benchmark for future research in this area

Dynamic Carboniferous tropical forests: new views of plant function and potential for physiological forcing of climate

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138385/1/nph14700_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138385/2/nph14700.pd

As Far as the Eye Can See: Relationship between Psychopathic Traits and Pupil Response to Affective Stimuli

Psychopathic individuals show a range of affective processing deficits, typically associated with the interpersonal/affective component of psychopathy. However, previous research has been inconsistent as to whether psychopathy, within both offender and community populations, is associated with deficient autonomic responses to the simple presentation of affective stimuli. Changes in pupil diameter occur in response to emotionally arousing stimuli and can be used as an objective indicator of physiological reactivity to emotion. This study used pupillometry to explore whether psychopathic traits within a community sample were associated with hypo-responsivity to the affective content of stimuli. Pupil activity was recorded for 102 adult (52 female) community participants in response to affective (both negative and positive affect) and affectively neutral stimuli, that included images of scenes, static facial expressions, dynamic facial expressions and sound-clips. Psychopathic traits were measured using the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure. Pupil diameter was larger in response to negative stimuli, but comparable pupil size was demonstrated across pleasant and neutral stimuli. A linear relationship between subjective arousal and pupil diameter was found in response to sound-clips, but was not evident in response to scenes. Contrary to predictions, psychopathy was unrelated to emotional modulation of pupil diameter across all stimuli. The findings were the same when participant gender was considered. This suggests that psychopathy within a community sample is not associated with autonomic hypo-responsivity to affective stimuli, and this effect is discussed in relation to later defensive/appetitive mobilisation deficits