An application of the OntoWiki technology to typification of buildings in Slovenia

There is a large number of existing buildings and new constructions in Slovenia, for which the owners don't know what energy properties their buildings are showing. In comparison to new constructions, the bigger problem are proving to be with existing buildings, where the problems are in obtaining information and details of the analysis for the calculation of these properties. The goal of the thesis was to design a web application which would be used by the general public that offers information about the energy performance of building, using the building typology.\ud \ud When designing the application, a key assumption was that the user supplies only information which is not already contained in existing public databases in order to facilitate the process of obtaining results. Precise details of buildings were obtained from the databases of the Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Slovenia. The obtained data were properly structured and a data model of buildings was designed, which the application offers to the user. A further procedure requires from the user only a basic description of the thermal building envelope. For example it is necessary to define the materials in structural elements of roof, wall and floor. Based on the data entered by the user and acquired from the model of buildings, the application seeks for a specific typical building, which is showing similar characteristics to the user one. We have made a thorough review of typical buildings from project Intelligent Energy Europe Tabula, which represents the latest building typology in Slovenia. The results of the project Tabula were used to design a specific procedure to search for a most appropriate typical building based on data specified by the user. This procedure takes into account the construction period of the building as well as building size. With all collected data, the building is first categorized in one of the six periods of construction and then on the basis of surfaces of structure elements and its heat transfer coefficient, seeks for the most similar typical building and assigns its energy indicators as a final result. We adapted the OntoWiki system to the algorithm requirements and made a prototype application. The last part of the thesis is a comparison of the actual data on delivered energy, derived from the E-TOOL, with results given by the application, with which we evaluated the nature of such allocation of energy indicators and gave reasons for the deviations.\u

Scenario Analyses Concerning Energy Efficiency and Climate Protection in Regional and National Residential Building Stocks. Examples from Nine European Countries. - EPISCOPE Synthesis Report No. 3

This report documents methodological aspects and selected results of the scenario analyses to assess refurbishment as well as energy saving processes and project future energy consumption.. It covers scenario calculations conducted for regional residential building stocks in Salzburg/Austria, the Comunidat Valenciana/Spain, the Piedmont Region/Italy, the national non-profit housing stock in the Netherlands as well as the national residential building stocks in Germany, England, Greece, Norway, and Slovenia. Thereby, the objective of the scenario analysis is not a prediction of future energy demand in the respective building stock. Rather, the objective is to show the potential future impact of predefined assumptions. This may help respective key actors and policy makers to decide on strategies and policies for transforming building stocks towards carbon dioxide neutrality

Tracking of Energy Performance Indicators in Residential Building Stocks – Different Approaches and Common Results - EPISCOPE Synthesis Report No. 4

A central task of IEE EPISCOPE project was to carry out energy balance calculations and scenario analysis for national, regional or local residential building stocks against the background of energy saving and climate protection targets. The EPISCOPE Synthesis Report No. 4 documents the individual approaches of collecting information for the investigated residential building stocks as a foundation for building stock models and scenario calculations. Issues related to the availability of data and data quality are discussed, and concepts for a continuous monitoring (a regular data collection) are presented as a basis for a future tracking of energy performance in the observed building stocks

An application of OntoWiki technology to typification of buildings in Slovenia

V Sloveniji imamo veliko število že obstoječih stavb in novogradenj, za katere lastniki nimajo informacij, kakšne energijske lastnosti te izkazujejo. Pri obstoječih stavbah je problematika pridobivanja podatkov in podrobnosti analize za izračun teh lastnosti precej drugačna kot pri novogradnjah, saj so podatki težje pridobljivi in je posledično izračun otežen. V sklopu diplomske naloge nismo zaznali orodij, ki bi na uporabniku enostaven in hiter način prikazale energijske lastnosti stavbe, zato smo se odločili, da bomo razvili načrt aplikacije, ki bo s tipizacijo stavb ponudila uporabnikom informacijo o energijskih lastnostih stavbe. Pri izdelavi načrta smo izhajali iz predpostavke, da je uporabniku že vnaprej predlagano čim več podatkov ter tako sam vpisuje čim manj. Glede na zahteve potrebujemo večje število podatkov, ki sicer obstajajo, vendar so dostopni v različnih javno dostopnih podatkovnih bazah. Natančne podatke o uporabnikovi stavbi smo pridobili iz podatkovnih baz Geodetske uprave RS. Te smo ustrezno strukturirali in izdelali konceptualni model stavb, ki ga ponudimo uporabniku za pridobitev podatkov v aplikaciji. V nadaljnjem postopanju po njej je od uporabnika zahtevan le osnoven opis toplotnega ovoja stavbe. Potrebno je definirati materiale v konstrukcijskem sklopu strehe, stene in tal. Na podlagi vpisanih podatkov s strani uporabnika in pridobljenih iz modela stavb aplikacija poišče tipsko stavbo, ki izkazuje podobne lastnosti kot uporabnikova. Za tipske stavbe je bil narejen pregled projekta Inteligentna energija Evropa Tabula, ki predstavlja najnovejšo narejeno tipologijo stavb v Sloveniji. Algoritem, na podlagi katerega stavba poišče najbolj podobno stavbo po kateri se zanima uporabnik, smo naredili na osnovi strukture Tabule, kjer sta glavna parametra obdobje izgradnje in specifična velikost stavbe. Aplikacija stavbo najprej uvrsti v eno izmed šestih obdobij izgradnje, nato pa na podlagi vrednosti površin in faktorjev toplotne prehodnosti sklopov poišče najbolj podobno tipsko stavbo in ji kot končen rezultat dodeli njene energijske kazalnike. Za izdelavo aplikacije smo uporabili tehnologijo OntoWiki, ki temelji na standardih OWL/RDF. Sistem OntoWiki smo prilagodili zahtevam algoritma in naredili prototip aplikacije. V zadnjem delu je narejena primerjava z dejanski podatki o dovedeni energiji za delovanje stavbe, pridobljenimi od projekta E-TOOL, s katero smo ovrednotili način takšnega dodeljevanja energijskih kazalnikov in navedli razloge za odstopanja.There is a large number of existing buildings and new constructions in Slovenia, for which the owners don\u27t know what energy properties their buildings are showing. In comparison to new constructions, the bigger problem are proving to be with existing buildings, where the problems are in obtaining information and details of the analysis for the calculation of these properties. The goal of the thesis was to design a web application which would be used by the general public that offers information about the energy performance of building, using the building typology. When designing the application, a key assumption was that the user supplies only information which is not already contained in existing public databases in order to facilitate the process of obtaining results. Precise details of buildings were obtained from the databases of the Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Slovenia. The obtained data were properly structured and a data model of buildings was designed, which the application offers to the user. A further procedure requires from the user only a basic description of the thermal building envelope. For example it is necessary to define the materials in structural elements of roof, wall and floor. Based on the data entered by the user and acquired from the model of buildings, the application seeks for a specific typical building, which is showing similar characteristics to the user one. We have made a thorough review of typical buildings from project Intelligent Energy Europe Tabula, which represents the latest building typology in Slovenia. The results of the project Tabula were used to design a specific procedure to search for a most appropriate typical building based on data specified by the user. This procedure takes into account the construction period of the building as well as building size. With all collected data, the building is first categorized in one of the six periods of construction and then on the basis of surfaces of structure elements and its heat transfer coefficient, seeks for the most similar typical building and assigns its energy indicators as a final result. We adapted the OntoWiki system to the algorithm requirements and made a prototype application. The last part of the thesis is a comparison of the actual data on delivered energy, derived from the E-TOOL, with results given by the application, with which we evaluated the nature of such allocation of energy indicators and gave reasons for the deviations

Progressive building information modelling methodology for energy renovation of office buildings

Podpora odločanju pri projektiranju prenov poslovnih stavb vse bolj temelji na simulacijah rabe energije in uporabi informacijskega modeliranja stavb – BIM (angl. Building Information Modelling), ki omogoča boljše upravljanje projektnih informacij. Projektiranje in izvedba prenove s pristopom BIM zahteva novo organizacijo vlog in procesov projektantskih in izvajalskih podjetij. Neučinkovito vodenje projekta in upravljanje informacij vodita do napak, ponovnih del, zamud in večjih stroškov investicij. V disertaciji smo razvili metodologijo informacijskega modeliranja za energijsko prenovo poslovnih stavb, ki je osnovana na progresivnem pristopu k analizam glede na tipologijo stavb. Progresivni pristop predstavlja postopnost razvoja podrobnosti modelov glede na fazo projekta, analizo, stopnjo podrobnosti informacij in ciljev projekta. Metodologija je integrirana v predlagani procesni diagram, ki predstavlja podatkovne tokove med deležniki v projektu. Proces načrtovanja je podprt s kvalitativno analizo ocenjevanja prizadevanja za pridobivanje dodatnih podatkov za izvedbo dodatnih analiz ter njihovega učinka s stroškovnega in simulacijskega vidika ter z vidika natančnosti. Za ocenjevanje uspešnosti načrtovanja energijske prenove je vzpostavljen sistem kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih kazalnikov uspešnosti, s čimer je mogoče primerjati različne pristope. Validacija progresivnega pristopa je bila izvedena na podlagi izvirne metodologije in primerjana z dejanskim uporabljenim pristopom. Predlagana progresivna metodologija izboljša nadzor nad načrtovanjem ter poveča učinkovitost procesa načrtovanja, natančneje predvidi rabo energije, zniža investicijske stroške, prepreči napake pri načrtovanju in zamude pri gradnji. Disertacija pomeni napredek na področju razvoja načrtovanja energijskih prenov, je v podporo arhitektom in inženirjem pri usklajevanju zahtev strank in načrtov ter rezultatov projektov z jasno opredelitvijo zahtev po informacijah glede na končni cilj.To support decision-making in the design process of the energy renovation of office buildings, energy simulations are increasingly being used, and the process itself is supported by the BIM environment. The topic is highly interdisciplinary, it is under development, so any inappropriate allocation of project roles and inappropriate project and information management can lead to a substandard treatment of the building. This often leads to unsatisfactory results of the project, re-works, errors, delays and increased investment. The dissertation introduces an information modelling methodology for the energy renovation of office buildings that is based on a progressive approach to analyses according to the building typology. This approach represents gradual model detail development according to the project phase, analysis, level of information details and goals of the project. The methodology is integrated into the proposed process map in which data flows between the stakeholders in the project are defined. The design process is supported by a qualitative analysis of the estimation of effort for obtaining additional data for additional analyses and its impact on the analysis from the aspect of costs, simulations and accuracy. A system of qualitative and quantitative performance indicators enabling the comparison of different approaches has been developed to evaluate the performance of the energy renovation design. The validation of the progressive approach was carried out on the basis of the original methodology and compared with the actual approach used. The proposed progressive methodology improves the design control and increases the efficiency of the design process, more accurately predicts energy consumption, reduces investment costs, avoids design errors and delays in construction. The dissertation represents progress in the field of energy renovation design and supports architects and engineers in aligning customer requirements with project plans and results by clearly defining information requirements with respect to the end goal

A Bottom-Up Building Stock Model for Tracking Regional Energy Targets—A Case Study of Kočevje

The paper addresses the development of a bottom-up building stock energy model (BuilS) for identification of the building stock renovation potential by considering energy performance of individual buildings through cross-linked data from various public available databases. The model enables integration of various EE and RES measures on the building stock to demonstrate long-term economic and environmental effects of different building stock refurbishment strategies. In the presented case study, the BuilS model was applied in the Kočevje city area and validated using the measured energy consumption of the buildings connected to the city district heating system. Three strategies for improving the building stock in Kočevje towards a more sustainable one are presented with their impact on energy use and CO2 emission projections up to 2030. It is demonstrated that the BuilS bottom-up model enables the setting of a correct baseline regarding energy use of the existing building stock and that such a model is a powerful tool for design and validation of the building stock renovation strategies. It is also shown that the accuracy of the model depends on available information on local resources and local needs, therefore acceleration of the building stock monitoring on the level of each building and continually upgrading of databases with building renovation information is of the utmost importance

Spremljanje delovanja napredno načrtovane skoraj nič-energijske večstanovanjske stavbe

Učinkovita raba energije in intenzivnejše izkoriščanje obnovljivih virov energije tudi v stanovanjskem sektorju zahteva sodobne pristope k naprednemu načrtovanju stavb ob hkratni skrbi za ustrezno bivalno ugodje v njih. Nacionalna merila za skoraj nič-energijske stavbe (sNES), ki bodo postala obvezna l. 2020, smo uporabili kot izhodišče za načrtovanje Eko srebrne hiše, večstanovanjske stavbe s 128 stanovanji, ki je bila kot FP7 EE-Highrise demonstracijski projekt l. 2015 zgrajena v Ljubljani. Načrtovanje in gradnja sta potekala z naprednimi orodji za dinamično simulacijo na urni osnovi z realnimi robnimi pogoji, s sprotnim spremljanjem kakovosti, kontrolo zrakotesnosti, spremljanjem rabe energije in parametrov bivalnega ugodja. Primerjava projektiranih in izmerjenih ključnih parametrov v izbranih naseljenih in še nenaseljenih stanovanjih pokaže učinkovitost naprednih orodij za načrtovanje stavb, pri čemer podrobnejša analiza izlušči tudi vzroke za nekatera odstopanja

Bottom-up modelling of continuous renovation and energy balance of existing building stock: case study Kočevje

A dynamic bottom-up model of the building stock is developed and implemented in a case study of Kočevje urban region. In the model, national register of real estate is cross-linked to data from other registers, e.g. the energy performance certificates (EPC) and the subsidized energy renovation measures. Regular updates of the data in registers enable continual improvement of the model. Therenovation potential is determined with respect to the age of building components after the last renovation, while the energy performance of the building stock is based either on the EPC for a particular building if available or on the energy indicators of corresponding building type from IEE EPISCOPE building typology and IEE RePublic_ZEB. Thus, the bottom-up model of the building stock (BuilS) enable a profound overview of the total heat demand, final energy use and CO2 emissions of the entire stock. In the case study Kočevje, various strategies for improving the buildings towards more sustainable ones are presented with projections to 2030. The strategies, reference and intensive renovation scenario, are compared with more ambitious strategy that the municipality is looking towards in the frame of Covenant of Mayors commitment. The bottom-up model was validated against the metered energy use of buildings connected to district heating. In the case study the model shows how the implementation of various strategies lead to different impacts and how the ambitious municipal plans are going to produce independence from fossil fuels by fostering the use of wood biomass as a locally available sustainable energy supply. The Kočevje case study analysis demonstrates, at the local level how a concept of increasing renewable energy sources utilisation and building energy efficiency stimulated by progressive measures can respond to low carbon society and sustainable energy selfsupply challenges