Freedom and Plurality in Unity: The European Politics of Der Monat

The German-language magazine Der Monat (1948–71) was one of the most impactful publications in post-war Germany. It promoted the re-orientation of the German people by offering political as well as philosophical essays and introduced international authors to its readers. In the context of the Cold War, part of the magazine’s marketing strategy was to downplay how close its ties to the United States and American institutions in Germany were and to push its international self-image to the forefront. Thus, Der Monat presented itself as a forum for free and open discussions. But this forum was clearly only made up of pro-Western, anti-Communist voices. By analysing the American origins of the magazine, the interplay between German readers, and the international voices featured in Der Monat as well as the European politics of the editorial team and the way in which they were translated into editorial practices, this article aims to identify the concepts of ‘freedom’ and ‘plurality’ as central to Der Monat’s self-image, and to expose why the magazine’s opposition to the concept of ‘unity’ promoted by the Soviet Union can be seen as ironic

„Ich bin eine Märchenerzählerin. So wurde ich geboren.“

Ist Tonke Dragt die große Neuerin der europäischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur? Diese sicherlich provokante Frage nimmt der Sammelband in den Fokus, der auf die Tagung „'Ich bin eine Märchenerzählerin. So wurde ich geboren'. Tonke Dragts Jugendromane – übersehene Klassiker?", die im September 2019 an der Universität Siegen in Kooperation mit Helma van Lierop-Debrauwer stattgefunden hat, zurückgeht

Inter- and Intra-Observer Agreement When Using a Diagnostic Labeling Scheme for Annotating Findings on Chest X-rays—An Early Step in the Development of a Deep Learning-Based Decision Support System

Consistent annotation of data is a prerequisite for the successful training and testing of artificial intelligence-based decision support systems in radiology. This can be obtained by standardizing terminology when annotating diagnostic images. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the annotation consistency among radiologists when using a novel diagnostic labeling scheme for chest X-rays. Six radiologists with experience ranging from one to sixteen years, annotated a set of 100 fully anonymized chest X-rays. The blinded radiologists annotated on two separate occasions. Statistical analyses were done using Randolph’s kappa and PABAK, and the proportions of specific agreements were calculated. Fair-to-excellent agreement was found for all labels among the annotators (Randolph’s Kappa, 0.40–0.99). The PABAK ranged from 0.12 to 1 for the two-reader inter-rater agreement and 0.26 to 1 for the intra-rater agreement. Descriptive and broad labels achieved the highest proportion of positive agreement in both the inter- and intra-reader analyses. Annotating findings with specific, interpretive labels were found to be difficult for less experienced radiologists. Annotating images with descriptive labels may increase agreement between radiologists with different experience levels compared to annotation with interpretive labels