Incentive Effects in Asymmetric Tournaments Empirical Evidence from the German Hockey League

Following tournament theory, incentives will be rather low if the contestants of a tournament are heterogeneous. We empirically test this prediction using a large dataset from the German Hockey League. Our results show that indeed the intensity of a game is lower if the teams are more heterogeneous. This effect can be observed for the game as a whole as well as for the ?rst and last third. When dividing the teams in the dataset into favorites and underdogs, we only observe a reduction of effort provision from favorite teams. As the number of games per team changes between different seasons, we can also investigate the effect of a changing spread between winner and loser prize. In line with theory, teams reduce effort if the spread declines. Interestingly, effort is also sensitive to the total number of teams in the league even if the price spread remains unchanged

VIOLENCE AND DEATH: THEIR INTERPRETATION BY K. A. PORTER AND EUDORA WELTY

This study aims to elucidate the reasons for the prevalenceof violence in Southern fiction. While K. A. Porter focuses violence as being a characteristic trait of the Southerntemper, which can be traced back to the frontier days, Eudora Welty presents variations on the theme of spiritual isolation in her short-stories, which is connected with the conflicting world views of the forties: the confusion of values generated by the discrepancy existing between the ideal Southern society and the real world of the South results in violence. Similar tensions to those of the American South are evoked by K. A. Porter in her Mexican stories. The different connotations of death, both symbolic and real, are also analysed in this study, showing that the recurrence of the death motif has to do with the Southerner's metaphysical preoccupations

TOM STOPPARD'S POSITION WITHIN THE TRADITION OF CONTEMPORARY COMIC DRAMA

TOM STOPPARD'S POSITION WITHIN THE TRADITIONOF CONTEMPORARY COMIC DRAM

VERBALIZING THE VISUAL IN SHAKESPEARE’S NARRATIVE POEM VENUS AND ADONIS

A apropriação de motivos, códigos e convenções das artes visuais para fins estruturais, temáticos e estéticos em discursos verbais foi primordial durante o Renascimento e continua sendo uma prática recorrente na contemporaneidade. O presente ensaio tem como objetivo examinar a transposição criativa de imagens da pintura para a poesia no poema narrativo Vênus and Adônis (1593), de Shakespeare, e discutir o uso do poeta de temas e motivos míticos para questionar as relações de gênero e sexualidade vigentes em seu tempo. Os diálogos intermidiáticos entre o visível e o legível serão abordados à luz de perspectivas teóricas de Claus Clüver, Liliane Louvel, Erwin Panofsky, Farah-Karim Cooper e Laura Mulvey.The appropriation of motifs, codes and conventions from the visual arts for structural, thematic and aesthetic purposes in verbal discourses was paramount during the Renaissance and is a recurrent practice today. The present essay aims to examine Shakespeare’s creative transposition of images from painting to poetry in his narrative poem Venus and Adonis (1593), and discuss his use of mythical themes and motifs to question gender and sexual roles current in his time. The intermedial dialogues between the visible and the legible will be addressed in the light of theoretical perspectives by Claus Clüver, Liliane Louvel, Erwin Panofsky, Farah-Karim Cooper and Laura Mulvey

The Concepts of Time, Memory and Identity in Beckett’s Essay on Proust

Beckett’s essay on Proust, in which he examines the philosophical concepts of time, memory and identity, has exerted enormous influence on modernist and post-modernist writers, who have consciously adapted and re- synthesized the ideas he developed not only in the essay but also in his plays in general. Although he was not the creator of the “memory play”, Beckett has helped to establish the new genre by reflecting upon philosophical problems and adapting psychological phenomena for dramatic theory, besides extending the limits of the dramatic. His theatrical experiments have been considered as examples of the strictest form of the “memory play”.Beckett’s essay on Proust, in which he examines the philosophical concepts of time, memory and identity, has exerted enormous influence on modernist and post-modernist writers, who have consciously adapted and re- synthesized the ideas he developed not only in the essay but also in his plays in general. Although he was not the creator of the “memory play”, Beckett has helped to establish the new genre by reflecting upon philosophical problems and adapting psychological phenomena for dramatic theory, besides extending the limits of the dramatic. His theatrical experiments have been considered as examples of the strictest form of the “memory play”

RITUAL AS INDICATIVE OF A CODE OF VALUES IN HEMINGWAY'S IN OUR TIME

This article discusses the concepts of ritual and code which Hemingway develops in his book In Oar Time, which comprises a series of short-stories, intimately connected to one another, which tell us in chronological order about the childhood and adolescence of Nick Adams, known as the "Hemingway hero". In this book, which can be considered as an initiation ritual, we can observe the process of apprenticeship of Nick Adams, who tries to elaborate a code of ethics, that will permit him to live adequately in a world of violence, disorder and misery.In order to achieve his aims, he tries to acquire certain principles of honour, courage and endurance, which willallow him to conduct himself well despite the adversities he may encounter in life. In the last story of the book, entitled Big Two-Hearted River, we can observe a series of rituals symbolic of code: the ritualistic codified actions provide adequate metaphors for the 'inner code' of the protagonist

SER OU NÃO SER JUDEU: SUBVERSÃO DE ESTEREÓTIPOS RACIAIS EM "O MERCADOR DE VENEZA" DE SHAKESPEARE

 The recurrent manifestations of prejudice and discrimination in the 21st century invite us to reflect on the contemporaneousness of The Merchant of Venice. In this play, Shakespeare reveals the mechanisms of the Manichaean logic, turns stereotypes upside down and cunningly manipulates the concepts of cultural construction. He selects as his object of analysis and reflection the racial, religious and cultural hatred between the Jew and the Christian, tied up in a process of economic symbiosis in the Venice of the early modern period, centre of nascent capitalism, showing that the reason for aggressive impulses exploding on both sides has to do with the reciprocal intolerance which arises from their being tied up in a relation of opposition and dependence. In the process of demystifying the dominant ideology, the bard suggests that the economical power of the Jew is the crux of his demonization.    As ressurgências de preconceitos e discriminações no século XXI nos convidam a refletir sobre O Mercador de Veneza, cuja problemática continua sendo atual. Nesta peça, Shakespeare revela os mecanismos da lógica maniqueísta, vira os estereótipos de cabeça para baixo e manipula os conceitos das construções culturais com grande sutileza. O dramaturgo toma como objeto de análise e reflexão o ódio racial, religioso e cultural entre o judeu e o cristão, atados em simbiose econômica na Veneza renascentista, centro do capitalismo emergente, e mostra a explosão dos ódios e agressividades de ambos os lados decorrente da intolerância recíproca em suas relações de oposição e dependência. No processo de desmistificação da ideologia dominante, o bardo aponta o poderio econômico do judeu como uma das causas de sua demonização

Migrating from proprietary tools to open-source software for EAST-ADL metamodel generation and evolution

Open-source software has numerous advantages over proprietary commercial-off-The-shelf (COTS) software. However, there are modeling languages, tool chains, and tool frameworks that are developed and maintained in an open-source manner but still incorporate COTS tools. Such an incorporation of COTS tools into an overall open-source approach completely annihilates the actual open-source advantages and goals. In this tool paper, we demonstrate how we eliminated a COTS tool from the otherwise open-source-based generation and evolution workflow of the domain-specific modeling language East-Adl, used in the automotive industry to describe a variety of interdisciplinary aspects of vehicle systems. By switching to a pure open-source solution, East-Adl becomes easier to inspect, evolve, and develop a community around. We compare both the mixed COTS/open-source and the open-source-only workflows, outline the advantages of the open-source-only solution, and show that we achieve equivalent tooling features compared to the original approach