Apps i anatomiundervisningen - perspektiver for et nyt learning design

Dansk Formålet med denne artikel var at diskutere, hvordan Learning Design kan anvendes ved implementering af mobile platforme i undervisningen på universitetsniveau. Med udgangspunkt i teoretiske modeller og undervisernes overvejelser diskuteres brug af Learning Design og implementering informationsteknologi med afsæt i anvendelse af applikationer til tablets og smartphones i anatomiundervisningen på Aarhus Universitet. Sekundært præsenterer artiklen resultater fra et pilotprojekt i anatomiundervisningen på medicinstudiet, Aarhus Universitet, der viser, at de studerende er positivt indstillede over for informationsteknologi i undervisningen, at de er teknologiparate, og at anatomiapplikationerne forbedrer de studerendes oplevelse af tredimensional forståelse. Ved anvendelse af et veltilrettelagt Learning Design kan undervisningssessioner og kurser designes til i højere grad at anvende informations- og uddannelsesteknologi i integrerede læringsforløb. English The purpose of the this study was to discuss how Learning Design can be used when implementing mobile learning devices in education at universities. Based on theoretical models and the teachers’ thoughts and reflections, the use of Learning Design and implementation of information technology is discussed on the basis of using tablets and smartphones with anatomy specific applications in anatomy courses at the School of medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark. Secondarily, the results from a pilot project including tablets in anatomy teaching are presented, showing that the students have a positive attitude towards information technology in education, that they are used to using information technology in education, and that anatomy applications improve the students’ understanding of anatomy in three dimensions. By application of a well-designed Learning Design, teaching sessions can implement information- and educational technology in a combination of in-class and out-of-class

Preadmission antidepressant use and bladder cancer: a population-based cohort study of stage at diagnosis, time to surgery, and surgical outcomes

BACKGROUND: Among cancer patients, prior antidepressant use has been associated with impaired survival. This could be due to differences in stage at diagnosis, in receipt of treatment, or in treatment complications. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine if preadmission antidepressant use in patients with bladder cancer is associated with tumor stage at diagnosis, rate of cystectomy, and surgical outcomes, including survival. METHODS: We performed a registry-based cohort study including all patients with incident invasive bladder cancer in Denmark 2005-2015. Exposure was defined as redemption of two or more antidepressant prescriptions one year before cancer diagnosis. We compared tumor stage using logistic regression, postsurgical inpatient length of stay using linear regression, and other outcomes using Cox regression. All results were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, and marital status. RESULTS: Among 10,427 bladder cancer patients, 10% were antidepressant users. At diagnosis, 51% of users and 52% of non-users had muscle-invasive disease. However, upon adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity, and marital status, users had lower odds of muscle-invasive disease (adjusted odds ratio 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-0.99)). Among patients with muscle-invasive disease, fewer users than non-users had surgery within three months (15% vs. 24%, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.75 (95% CI 0.59-0.95)). Of 2532 patients undergoing surgery, 6% were antidepressant users. Postsurgical inpatient length of stay did not differ between users and non-users. The 30-day cumulative incidence of readmission was higher for users (41% vs. 33%, aHR 1.33 (95% CI 1.05-1.67)), while the 90-day incidence of postoperative procedures was 44% for users and 38% for non-users (aHR 1.18 (95% CI 0.93-1.51)). One-year mortality was comparable in users (15%) and non-users (14%). CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressant use in bladder cancer patients was associated with less advanced stage at diagnosis and lower rate of cystectomy. After cystectomy, users had higher rate of readmission and postoperative procedures than non-users, but we found no difference in length of stay or one-year mortality. The results point to the importance of differentiated clinical care according to individual patient characteristics

Inclusion of sex chromosomes in noninvasive prenatal testing in Asia, Australia, Europe and the USA: A survey study

Objective: To examine the extent to which sex chromosomes are included in current noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and the reporting practices with respect to fetal chromosomal sex and sex chromosome aberrations (SCAs), in addition to an update on the general implementation of NIPT. Method: A questionnaire addressing the research objectives was distributed by email to fetal medicine and clinical genetics experts in Asia, Australia, Europe and the USA. Results: Guidelines on NIPT are available in the majority of the included countries. Not all existing guidelines address reporting of fetal chromosomal sex and SCAs. In most settings, NIPT frequently includes sex chromosomes (five Australian states, China, Hong Kong, Israel, Singapore, Thailand, USA and 23 of 31 European countries). This occurs most often by default or when parents wish to know fetal sex. In most settings, a potential SCA is reported by stating the risk hereof as “low” or “high” and/or by naming the SCA. Less than 50% of all pregnant women receive NIPT according to respondents from three Australian states, China, Israel, Singapore, Thailand and 24 of 31 European countries. However, this percentage, the genomic coverage of NIPT and its application as primary or secondary screening vary by setting. Conclusion: In most of the studied countries/states, NIPT commonly includes sex chromosomes. The reporting practices concerning fetal chromosomal sex and SCAs are diverse and most commonly not addressed by guidelines. In general, NIPT is variably implemented across countries/states

Inclusion of sex chromosomes in noninvasive prenatal testing in Asia, Australia, Europe and the USA: A survey study

Objective: To examine the extent to which sex chromosomes are included in current noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and the reporting practices with respect to fetal chromosomal sex and sex chromosome aberrations (SCAs), in addition to an update on the general implementation of NIPT. Method: A questionnaire addressing the research objectives was distributed by email to fetal medicine and clinical genetics experts in Asia, Australia, Europe and the USA. Results: Guidelines on NIPT are available in the majority of the included countries. Not all existing guidelines address reporting of fetal chromosomal sex and SCAs. In most settings, NIPT frequently includes sex chromosomes (five Australian states, China, Hong Kong, Israel, Singapore, Thailand, USA and 23 of 31 European countries). This occurs most often by default or when parents wish to know fetal sex. In most settings, a potential SCA is reported by stating the risk hereof as “low” or “high” and/or by naming the SCA. Less than 50% of all pregnant women receive NIPT according to respondents from three Australian states, China, Israel, Singapore, Thailand and 24 of 31 European countries. However, this percentage, the genomic coverage of NIPT and its application as primary or secondary screening vary by setting. Conclusion: In most of the studied countries/states, NIPT commonly includes sex chromosomes. The reporting practices concerning fetal chromosomal sex and SCAs are diverse and most commonly not addressed by guidelines. In general, NIPT is variably implemented across countries/states