2,966 research outputs found
Attention to the Color of a Moving Stimulus Modulates Motion-Signal Processing in Macaque Area MT: Evidence for a Unified Attentional System
Directing visual attention to spatial locations or to non-spatial stimulus features can strongly modulate responses of individual cortical sensory neurons. Effects of attention typically vary in magnitude, not only between visual cortical areas but also between individual neurons from the same area. Here, we investigate whether the size of attentional effects depends on the match between the tuning properties of the recorded neuron and the perceptual task at hand. We recorded extracellular responses from individual direction-selective neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) of rhesus monkeys trained to attend either to the color or the motion signal of a moving stimulus. We found that effects of spatial and feature-based attention in MT, which are typically observed in tasks allocating attention to motion, were very similar even when attention was directed to the color of the stimulus. We conclude that attentional modulation can occur in extrastriate cortex, even under conditions without a match between the tuning properties of the recorded neuron and the perceptual task at hand. Our data are consistent with theories of object-based attention describing a transfer of attention from relevant to irrelevant features, within the attended object and across the visual field. These results argue for a unified attentional system that modulates responses to a stimulus across cortical areas, even if a given area is specialized for processing task-irrelevant aspects of that stimulus
Observing and recommending from a social web with biases
The research question this report addresses is: how, and to what extent,
those directly involved with the design, development and employment of a
specific black box algorithm can be certain that it is not unlawfully
discriminating (directly and/or indirectly) against particular persons with
protected characteristics (e.g. gender, race and ethnicity)?Comment: Technical Report, University of Southampton, March 201
JournĂ©e dâĂ©tude « Donald Trump et la politique Ă©trangĂšre des Etats-Unis: vers quel (dĂ©s)ordre mondial? »
Cette journĂ©e dâĂ©tude, organisĂ©e dans le cadre du laboratoire Center for Research on the English-speaking World (CREW â EA 4399) par Annick Cizel, James Cohen et Jean-Baptiste Velut, a explorĂ© des champs dâĂ©tudes trĂšs divers. De lâhistoire diplomatique transatlantique aux dynamiques de pouvoir intĂ©rieures et extĂ©rieures Ă la politique environnementale, en passant par lâĂ©conomie, la diplomatie commerciale ou encore la politique institutionnelle, ce colloque a offert un large panorama des acti..
The Maltreatment : Aggression Link among Prosecuted Males : What about Psychopathy?
Criminal offenders constitute a high-risk sample regarding experiences of childhood maltreatment and engagement in severe aggression. Moreover, psychopathic traits are more common in
samples of offenders than non-offenders. Although research has underlined the relationship between
childhood maltreatment and adult aggression, the influence of psychopathy on this link is still unclear. We examined the dynamics of maltreatment, aggression, and psychopathy in a mixed sample
of 239 male violent, sexual, and other offenders using latent factor structural equation modeling.
We found a consistent positive association of maltreatment with aggression. Psychopathy did not
mediate this relation. Maltreatment was not associated with psychopathy, although psychopathy had
a positive effect on aggressive behavior. These dynamics appeared similar for violent, sexual, and
other offenders. However, latent variables were constructed somewhat differently depending on the
offender status. For instance, sexual abuse appeared to be of specific importance in sexual offenders.
Violent offenders showed high rates of psychopathy compared to sexual and other offenders. The
current findings may inspire future research to focus more closely on the different subtypes of psychopathy when examining its role in the prediction of aggression based on childhood maltreatment.
Moreover, childhood maltreatment must not be neglected in treatment and prevention approaches
aimed at reducing the risk of aggressive behavior
Demographic Parity Inspector: Fairness Audits via the Explanation Space
Even if deployed with the best intentions, machine learning methods can
perpetuate, amplify or even create social biases. Measures of (un-)fairness
have been proposed as a way to gauge the (non-)discriminatory nature of machine
learning models. However, proxies of protected attributes causing
discriminatory effects remain challenging to address. In this work, we propose
a new algorithmic approach that measures group-wise demographic parity
violations and allows us to inspect the causes of inter-group discrimination.
Our method relies on the novel idea of measuring the dependence of a model on
the protected attribute based on the explanation space, an informative space
that allows for more sensitive audits than the primary space of input data or
prediction distributions, and allowing for the assertion of theoretical
demographic parity auditing guarantees. We provide a mathematical analysis,
synthetic examples, and experimental evaluation of real-world data. We release
an open-source Python package with methods, routines, and tutorials
On Using Information Retrieval to Recommend Machine Learning Good Practices for Software Engineers
Machine learning (ML) is nowadays widely used for different purposes and in
several disciplines. From self-driving cars to automated medical diagnosis,
machine learning models extensively support users' daily activities, and
software engineering tasks are no exception. Not embracing good ML practices
may lead to pitfalls that hinder the performance of an ML system and
potentially lead to unexpected results. Despite the existence of documentation
and literature about ML best practices, many non-ML experts turn towards gray
literature like blogs and Q&A systems when looking for help and guidance when
implementing ML systems. To better aid users in distilling relevant knowledge
from such sources, we propose a recommender system that recommends ML practices
based on the user's context. As a first step in creating a recommender system
for machine learning practices, we implemented Idaka. A tool that provides two
different approaches for retrieving/generating ML best practices: i) an
information retrieval (IR) engine and ii) a large language model. The IR-engine
uses BM25 as the algorithm for retrieving the practices, and a large language
model, in our case Alpaca. The platform has been designed to allow comparative
studies of best practices retrieval tools. Idaka is publicly available at
GitHub: https://bit.ly/idaka. Video: https://youtu.be/cEb-AhIPxnM.Comment: Accepted for Publication at ESEC/FSE demonstrations trac
Work on PETS Developed at CIEMAT
CIEMAT has been working on the RF power extractor so-called PETS (Power
Extraction and Transfer Structure) for the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) since
2007. The first contribution has been installed at the Test Beam Line (TBL).
Additionally, a new PETS configuration is presently under fabrication at CIEMAT
and will be installed in the Test Module at CTF3. This paper describes the PETS
prototypes design, fabrication and assembly techniques. The characterization of
the devices with low RF power is also described.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, 10 references. Work presented in the
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