Spin chain from membrane and the Neumann-Rosochatius integrable system

We find membrane configurations in AdS_4 x S^7, which correspond to the continuous limit of the SU(2) integrable spin chain, considered as a limit of the SU(3) spin chain, arising in N=4 SYM in four dimensions, dual to strings in AdS_5 x S^5. We also discuss the relationship with the Neumann-Rosochatius integrable system at the level of Lagrangians, comparing the string and membrane cases.Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages, no figures; v2: 17 pages, title changed, explanations and references added; v3: more explanations added; v4: typos fixed, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Open Semiclassical Strings and Long Defect Operators in AdS/dCFT Correspondence

We consider defect composite operators in a defect superconformal field theory obtained by inserting an AdS_4 x S^2-brane in the AdS_5 x S^5 background. The one-loop dilatation operator for the scalar sector is represented by an integrable open spin chain. We give a description to construct coherent states for the open spin chain. Then, by evaluating the expectation value of the Hamiltonian with the coherent states in a long operator limit, a Landau-Lifshitz type of sigma model action is obtained. This action is also derived from the string action and hence we find a complete agreement in both SYM and string sides. We see that an SO(3)_H pulsating string solution is included in the action and its energy completely agrees with the result calculated in a different method. In addition, we argue that our procedure would be applicable to other AdS-brane cases.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX, minor corrections and references added. v3) some new results added. shortened and accepted version in PR

Semiclassical Strings in Electric and Magnetic Fields Deformed AdS5×S5AdS_5 \times S^5 Spacetimes

We first apply the transformation of mixing azimuthal and internal coordinate or mixing time and internal coordinate to the 11D M-theory with a stack N M2-branes to find the spacetime of a stack of N D2-branes with magnetic or electric flux in 10 D IIA string theory, after the Kaluza-Klein reduction. We then perform the T duality to the spacetime to find the background of a stack of N D3-branes with magnetic or electric flux. In the near-horizon limit the background becomes the magnetic or electric field deformed $AdS_5 \times S^5$. We adopt an ansatz to find the classical string solution which is rotating in the deformed $S^5$ with three angular momenta in the three rotation planes. The relations between the classical string energy and its angular momenta are found and results show that the external magnetic and electric fluxes will increase the string energy. Therefore, from the AdS/CFT point of view, the corrections of the anomalous dimensions of operators in the dual SYM theory will be positive. We also investigate the small fluctuations in these solutions and discuss the effects of magnetic and electric fields on the stability of these classical rotating string solutions. Finally, we find the possible solutions of string pulsating on the deformed spacetimes and show that the corrections to the anomalous dimensions of operators in the dual SYM theory are non-negative.Comment: Latex 18 pages, correct sec. 3.

Integrable Open Spin Chain in Super Yang-Mills and the Plane-wave/SYM duality

We investigate the integrable structures in an N=2 superconfomal Sp(N) Yang-Mills theory with matter, which is dual to an open+closed string system. We restrict ourselves to the BMN operators that correspond to free string states. In the closed string sector, an integrable structure is inherited from its parent theory, N=4 SYM. For the open string sector, the planar one-loop mixing matrix for gauge invariant holomorphic operators is identified with the Hamiltonian of an integrable SU(3) open spin chain. Using the K-matrix formalism we identify the integrable open-chain boundary conditions that correspond to string boundary conditions. The solutions to the algebraic Bethe ansatz equations (ABAE) with a few impurities are shown to recover the anomalous dimensions that exactly match the spectrum of free open string in the plane-wave background. We also discuss the properties of the solutions of ABAE beyond the BMN regime.Comment: 18 pages, one eps figure, v3: typos corrected, clarifying footnotes added, treatment of complex roots revise

On the fermionic T-duality of the AdS_4 \times CP^3 sigma-model

In this note we consider a fermionic T-duality of the coset realization of the type IIA sigma-model on AdS_4 \times CP^3 with respect to the three flat directions in AdS_4, six of the fermionic coordinates and three of the CP^3 directions. We show that the Buscher procedure fails as it leads to a singular transformation and discuss the result and its implications.Comment: LaTeX2e, 9 pages, no figures, JHEP style; v2: minor clarifications; v3: typos fixed, matches the published versio

Formation of Centauro and Strangelets in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at the LHC and their Identification by the ALICE Experiment

We present a phenomenological model which describes the formation of a Centauro fireball in nucleus-nucleus interactions in the upper atmosphere and at the LHC, and its decay to non-strange baryons and Strangelets. We describe the CASTOR detector for the ALICE experiment at the LHC. CASTOR will probe, in an event-by-event mode, the very forward, baryon-rich phase space 5.6 < \eta < 7.2 in 5.5 A TeV central Pb + Pb collisions. We present results of simulations for the response of the CASTOR calorimeter, and in particular to the traversal of Strangelets.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 26th ICR

Patterns of belowground overyielding and fine-root biomass in native and exotic angiosperms and gymnosperms

Mixing tree species can lead to more productive forests, but how belowground productivity is affected by mixtures of trees of diverse phylogenetic and eco-evolutionary histories is unclear. Here, we examine how species origin and phylogeny affect belowground productivity in tree communities of varied richness and functional diversity. We measured standing fine-root biomass and annual fine-root production across 41 assemblages of 12 tree species, representing both angiosperms and gymnosperms originating from North America and Europe. Increasing functional diversity of mixtures stimulated overyielding of annual production but did not affect standing biomass. In general, annual productivity of mixtures of species that were less productive in monoculture had neutral (angiosperms) to positive (North American species: +16%) responses to mixing, whereas annual productivity of mixtures of species that were more productive in monoculture had neutral (European species) to negative (gymnosperms: −6%) responses to mixing. These differences translated into angiosperm mixtures overyielding in standing biomass by 16% but no effects of mixing on gymnosperm mixtures. The trends we observed between North American and European species annual production were reversed when considering standing biomass. European mixtures had 14% more standing biomass and North American mixtures had 10% less standing biomass than expected from monocultures. Our study offers a rare examination of the combined roles of origin and phylogeny in forest fine-root productivity, and suggests varied consequences of biodiversity change for forest belowground productivity based on composition. In North America, belowground productivity of young forests composed of angiosperms and native tree species may be more tightly linked to diversity than that of forests dominated by gymnosperms or European species. This suggests that increased diversity may lead to the greatest enhancement of belowground productivity in native, North American forests dominated by angiosperms, but also that declines in diversity may be felt most strongly in these forests as well

New Integrable Structures in Large-N QCD

We study the anomalous dimensions of single trace operators composed of field strengths $F_{\mu\nu}$ in large-N QCD. The matrix of anomalous dimensions is the Hamiltonian of a compact spin chain with two spin one representations at each vertex corresponding to the selfdual and anti-selfdual components of $F_{\mu\nu}$. Due to the special form of the interaction it is possible to study separately renormalization of purely selfdual components. In this sector the Hamiltonian is integrable and can be exactly solved by Bethe ansatz. Its continuum limit is described by the level two SU(2) WZW model.Comment: 12 pages; V2: ref. added, V3: refs. added, explicit expression for the spin ladder and other text improvement